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PUBLIC   DOCUMENT    No.  47 


State    Geological  and    Natural 
History   Survey 


COMMISSIONERS 

ROLLIN  S.  Woodruff,  Governor  of  Connecticut  (Chairman) 

Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  President  of  Yale  University 

Bradford  Paul  Raymond,  President  of  Wesleyan  University 

Flavel  Sweeten  Luther,  President  of  Trinity  College  (Secretary) 

RUFUS  Whittaker  Stimson,  President  of  Connecticut  Agricultural  College 

SUPERINTENDENT 
William  North  Rice 


Bulletin  No.  11 


Hartford 
Printed  for  the  State  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey 


14/ (\ 


THE 


BRYOPHYTES  OF  CONNECTICUT 


By 

ALEXANDER  WILLIAM   EVANS,    Ph.D., 

I. « 
Professor  of  Botany,   Yale  University 

AND 

GEORGE  ELWOOD  NICHOLS,  B.A., 

Assistant  in  Botany,  Yale  University 


HARTFORD 

Printed  for  the  State  Geological  and  Naicra)  History  Survey 
1908 


PREFACE 


The  plants  treated  in  the  present  report  are  largely 
neglected  by  collectors,  partly  on  account  of  their  small  size 
and  the  difficulties  encountered  in  their  identification,  partly 
on  account  of  their  slight  value  from  an  economic  standpoint. 
To  the  student  of  botany,  however,  and  especially  to  the 
morphologist  and  taxonomist,  they  are  of  exceptional  interest. 
The  morphologist  finds  among  them  all  gradations  between 
simple  and  more  complex  types  of  structure,  and  is  thus 
enabled  to  gain  some  idea  of  the  way  in  which  the  higher 
plants  may  have  been  derived  from  the  lower;  while  the 
taxonomist  obtains  from  them  a  series  of  distinct  and  at- 
tractive genera  and  species,  which  offer  for  his  solution  many 
complicated  problems  in  variation  and  geographical  distribu- 
tion. In  presenting  to  the  botanists  of  Connecticut  some  ac- 
count of  the  work  which  has  been  done  on  the  Bryophytes 
within  the  state,  it  is  hoped  that  more  interest  in  this  neglected 
group  of  plants  may  be  aroused. 

The  report  includes  a  general  description  of  the  Bryophytes 
as  a  whole  and  of  the  six  subdivisions  or  orders  into  which  it 
seems  advisable  to  divide  them.  It  also  contains  keys,  more 
or  less  artificial,  to  aid  in  the  identification  of  those  species 
which  have  been  detected  in  Connecticut.  But  it  makes  no 
attempt  to  describe  or  illustrate  the  genera  and  species 
represented,  and  is  not  intended  as  a  substitute  for  the  works 
in  which  such  descriptions  and  illustrations  are  to  be  found. 
The  student  who  makes  a  careful  study  of  our  Mosses  and 
Hepatics  will  still  find  it  necessary  to  use  books  of  this  charac- 
ter in  order  to  confirm  the  determinations  made  by  the  keys, 
but  the  report  should  make  the  work  of  determination  more 
decisive  by  indicating  which  species  are  to  be  expected  in 
our  region.  The  various  books,  articles,  and  scattered  notes, 
which  relate  directly  to  Connecticut  Bryophytes,  are  listed  in 


6  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 

the  bibliography  at  the  close  of  the  report.  The  following 
recent  works  (not  included  in  the  bibliography)  may  also  be 
recommended :  — 

1.  Braithwaite,  R.  The  British  Moss-Flora.  Vol.  I,  pp.  x  + 
315.  45  plates.  Vol.  II,  pp.  268.  Plates  46-84.  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  274. 
Plates  85-128.     Large  8vo.     London,   1887-1905. 

2.  Howe,  M.  A.  The  Hepaticae  and  Anthocerotes  of  California. 
Mem.  Torrey  Club,  7:  1-208.     PL  88-122.     1899. 

3.  Warnstorf,  C.  Kryptogamenflora  der  Mark  Brandenburg. 
Band  I.  Leber-  und  Torfmoose.  pp.  xvi  +  481.  Band  II.  Laub- 
moose.  pp.  xii  +  1160.  Fully  illustrated  by  text-figures.  Leipzig, 
1902- I 906. 

4.  Dixon,  H.  N.,  and  Jameson,  H.  G.  The  Student's  Hand- 
book of  British  Mosses.  Second  Edition,  pp.  xlix  +  586.  65  plates. 
8vo.     Eastbourne  and  London,  1904. 

5.  Roth,  G.  Die  europaischen  Laubmoose.  Band  I.  pp.  xiii 
+  598.  52  plates.  Band  II.  pp.  xvi  +  722-  62  plates.  Large  8vo. 
Leipzig,  1904-1905. 

6.  Roth,  G.  Die  europaischen  Torfmoose.  pp.  viii  +  80.  11 
plates.     Large  8vo.     Leipzig,  1906. 

7.  Miiller,  C.  Rabenhorst's  Kryptogamen- Flora  von  Deutsch- 
land,  Oesterreich  und  der  Schweiz.  2.  Auflage.  Band  VI.  Die 
Lebermoose.  Incomplete.  Six  fascicles,  comprising  384  pp.  and 
225  text-figures,  have  already  been  published.     Leipzig,  1906-1908. 

In  the  study  of  certain  critical  families  and  genera  the 
writers  have  received  much  assistance  from  Mrs.  Elizabeth  G. 
Britton,  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  Mr.  C.  Warnstorf, 
of  Berlin,  Germany,  and  Mr.  J.  Cardot,  of  Charleville,  France. 
Other  correspondents,  who  will  be  mentioned  particularly  in 
the  catalogue  of  species,  have  kindly  furnished  material  of 
Connecticut  Bryophytes  for  examination,  and  have  thereby 
made  the  report  much  more  complete  than  it  would  otherwise 
have  been.  To  all  of  these  the  writers  would  express  their 
sincere  thanks. 

Botanical  Laboratory, 

Sheffield  Scientific  School. 


CONTENTS 


Page 
General  Characteristics  of  the  Bryophytes,    ...  9 

History  of  Bryology  in  Connecticut,      ....         25 

Distribution  of  the  Bryophytes  in   Connecticut  according 

to   Environment,  ......         30 

Economic  Value  of  the  Bryophytes,       ....         35 

Catalogue  of  Connecticut  Bryophytes  : 

Marchantiales,      .  .  38 

Jungermanniales,  .  43 

Anthocerotales,     .  .  75 

Sphagnales,  .  .  76" 

Andreaeales,  .  .  86 

Bryales,      ...  87 

Summary,  ........        177 

Bibliography  of  Connecticut  Bryology,  ....        179 

Index,      .........        185 


•Trjrrrc 


THE   BRYOPHYTES  OF  CONNECTICUT 


GENERAL    CHARACTERISTICS    OF    THE   BRYO" 

PHYTES 

The  Bryophytes  represent  a  very  clearly  defined  Class  in 
the  Vegetable  Kingdom,  occupying  a  position  just  below  the 
Pteridophytes,  which  include  the  Ferns  and  their  allies.  They 
comprise  the  plants  which  are  properly  known  as  Mosses  and 
Liverworts.  They  must  not  be  confused,  however,  with  Algae 
and  Lichens,  both  of  which  are  sometimes  called  mosses, 
although  simpler  and  less  definite  in  organization,  nor  yet 
with  the  more  highly  developed  Club  Mosses,  which  belong 
to  the  Pteridophytes.  The  group  is  characterized  by  a  clearly 
defined  alternation  of  generations  and  by  complex  sexual 
organs,  both  antheridia  and  archegonia  being  multicellular,  and 
showing  a  differentiation  into  sterile  and  fertile  cells. 

The  gametophyte,  or  sexual  individual,  is  a  green  plant, 
capable  of  absorption  from  the  outside  and  therefore  able  to 
lead  an  independent  life.  It  constitutes  the  plant-body  of  the 
Moss  or  Liverwort  as  ordinarily  understood,  and  is  usually 
much  larger  and  more  conspicuous  than  the  sporophyte,  or 
asexual  individual.  It  consists  of  a  dorsi-ventral  thallus, 
usually  closely  appressed  to  the  substratum,  or  else  of  a  leafy 
shoot,  the  leaves  being  always  destitute  of  stalks,  and  usually 
but  a  single  cell  thick  throughout  the  greater  part  of  their 
extent.  Whatever  its  form  the  gametophyte  exhibits  an  apical 
growth,  frequently  dying  at  one  end  while  it  advances  at  the 
other.  It  develops  no  true  root,  as  do  the  higher  plants,  but 
clings  to  the  substratum  by  means  of  filamentous  organs  called 
rhizoids,  which  often  play  no  part  in  the  process  of  absorption. 
The  antheridia  and  archegonia  are  borne  on  the  gametophyte ; 
in  monoicous  species  they  arise  on  the  same  plant ;  in  dioicous 
species,  on  different  plants.  The  antheridium  consists  of  a 
spheroidal  or  ovoid  sac,   sometimes   stalkless  and   sometimes 


lO  CONNECTICUT  GEOL.  AND   NAT.    HIST.   SURVEY.  [Bull. 

borne  on  a  short  stalk.  The  sac  is  bounded  on  the  outside  by 
a  wall  composed  of  a  single  layer  of  sterile  cells,  and  the 
whole  interior  is  occupied  by  a  compact  mass  of  fertile  cells, 
each  one  of  which  gives  rise  to  a  single  male  cell,  or  sperm. 
When  the  antheridium  is  mature,  it  absorbs  water  and  bursts 
its  wall,  allowing  the  sperms  to  escape  and  swim  away.  Each 
sperm  consists  of  a  slender  body,  and  swims  by  means  of  two 
long  and  delicate  cilia  attached  at  one  end. 

The  archegonium  may  also  be  stalkless  or  borne  on  a  short 
stalk,  but  is  more  slender  than  the  antheridium.  The  single 
female  cell,  or  egg,  is  developed  in  the  swollen  basal  portion 
which  is  called  the  venter,  and  this  is  tipped  with  a  somewhat 
longer  cylindrical  portion  called  the  neck.  Both  venter  ahd 
neck  are  bounded  on  the  outside  by  a  wall  composed  of 
sterile  cells.  The  egg  represents  the  lowest  of  a  row  of  cells 
enclosed  by  this  wall,  the  remaining  cells,  which  fill  the  neck 
and  a  portion  of  the  venter  as  well,  being  known  as  canal  cells. 
When  the  mature  archegonium  absorbs  water,  the  neck  opens 
at  the  tip,  and  the  canal  cells  break  down  into  a  mass  of 
slime,  some  of  which  escapes  through  the  opening.  In  this 
way  a  free  canal  is  formed  which  leads  from  the  outside  into 
the  venter,  and  at  the  base  of  this  canal  the  egg  becomes 
rounded  off.  The  sperms,  attracted  by  the  protoplasmic  slime 
exuding  from  the  archegonium,  swim  toward  it,  and  one  of 
them  makes  its  way  down  the  canal,  uniting  with  the  egg 
and  thus  completing  the  process  of  fertilization. 

As  soon  as  this  has  been  accomplished,  the  fertilized  egg, 
without  escaping  from  the  archegonium,  begins  at  once  to 
develop  into  the  sporophyte,  which  remains  in  contact  with 
the  gametophyte  during  its  entire  life,  without  being  organ- 
ically connected  with  it.  The  chief  function  of  the  sporophyte 
is  to  develop  asexual  spores,  but  some  of  its  cells  invariably 
remain  sterile  and  perform  functions  not  connected  with 
reproduction.  In  the  more  primitive  Bryophytes  it  is  practi- 
cally destitute  of  chlorophyll,  and  is  therefore  wholly  dependent 
upon  the  gametophyte  for  food,  living  as  a  parasite  upon  it. 
In  the  higher  forms  it  develops  green  cells,  capable  of  per- 
forming photosynthesis,  and  probably  derives  nothing  from  the 
gametophyte  except  solutions  of  inorganic  substances.  In 
such  cases  the  parasitism  is  only  partial.     The  portion  of  the 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  II 

sporophyte  which  remains  in  close  contact  with  the  gameto- 
phyte  usually  forms  a  special  absorbing  organ,  or  foot.  This 
organ,  however,  never  acquires  the  power  of  absorbing  from 
the  outside,  so  that  the  sporophyte  is  never  able  to  exist  as 
an  entirely  independent  plant. 

The  spores  are  borne  within  a  closed  case,  or  capsule, 
which  constitutes  the  so-called  fruit  in  the  Bryophytes.  The 
capsule  is  bounded  on  the  outside  by  a  sterile  wall,  and  the 
space  in  which  the  spores  are  developed  is  known  as  the 
spore  cavity.  When  the  spores  are  mature,  they  lie  loose 
within  the  cavity,  and  are  set  free  by  the  rupturing  of  the 
wall.  In  the  majority  of  cases  the  capsule  is  borne  on  a 
slender  cylindrical  stalk,  which  connects  it  with  the  foot  and 
at  the  same  time  lifts  it  above  the  gametophyte. 

When  the  fertilized  tgg  begins  to  divide,  the  sterile  cells 
which  form  the  wall  of  the  venter  also  undergo  divisions  and 
develop  into  a  protective  covering  for  the  young  sporophyte. 
This  covering  is  called  the  calyptra,  and  for  a  considerable 
period  its  growth  keeps  pace  with  that  of  the  sporophyte. 
Sooner  or  later,  however,  it  ceases  to  enlarge  and  is  eventually 
ruptured  by  the  swelling  capsule.  The  neck  of  the  fertilized 
archegonium  plays  no  part  in  the  development  of  the  calyptra, 
but  can  frequently  be  detected  at  its  apex  in  a  shriveled  condi- 
tion.   In  a  few  specialized  genera  a  true  calyptra  is  not  formed. 

Upon  germination  a  spore  at  first  gives  rise  to  an  embryonic 
structure,  or  protonema,  upon  which  the  characteristic  gameto- 
phyte afterwards  develops.  The  protonema  is  sometimes 
very  short-lived,  but  in  many  species  persists  for  a  considerable 
period.  It  usually  consists  of  a  copiously  branched  filamentous 
structure,  but  it  may  be  composed  of  a  flat  layer  of  cells  or 
of  a  small  solid  cell  mass.  In  some  cases  the  protonema  is 
represented  by  a  very  few  cells  arranged  in  a  simple  cell  row 
and  is  then  scarcely  distinguishable. 

Although  very  few  Bryophytes  are  truly  aquatic,  it  has 
been  shown  that  the  presence  of  water  is  necessary  for  the 
process  of  fertilization.  It  not  only  enables  the  antheridia  and 
archegonia  to  open,  but  it  also  affords  a  medium  in  which 
the  motile  sperms  can  swim.  The  water  is  usually  supplied 
by  rain,  but,  if  no  rain  falls  at  the  proper  time,  the  antheridia 
and  archegonia  gradually  shrivel  away  and  sporophytes  fail  to 


12  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

be  developed.  Any  failure  to  effect  fertilization  is  of  course 
a  menace  to  the  further  existence  of  a  species,  and  the  probabil- 
ity of  failure  is  especially  great  in  the  case  of  dioicous  species, 
where  the  male  and  female  plants  are  often  far  apart,  neces- 
sitating a  long  journey  for  the  sperms.  To  a  certain  extent 
the  danger  is  overcome  by  the  development  of  organs  of  vege- 
tative reproduction,  known  as  gemmcu  or  propagula.  The 
simplest  of  these  consist  of  single  cells  or  of  small  groups 
of  cells  without  definite  form.  They  easily  become  separated 
from  the  parent  plant  and  develop  into  new  individuals  if 
supplied  with  the  proper  conditions.  In  many  cases  the 
reproductive  bodies  are  more  complex  and  already  show,  even 
before  they  fall  away,  some  indication  of  the  thallus  or  leafy 
shoot  into  which  they  will  develop.  Certain  species  reproduce 
largely  if  not  entirely  by  means  of  these  vegetative  bodies. 

It  is  customary  to  divide  the  Bryophytes  into  two  sub- 
classes, known  respectively  as  the  Hepaticae,  or  Liverworts, 
and  the  Musci,  or  Mosses.  This  classification,  however,  as 
Underwood  and  others  have  pointed  out,  does  not  altogether 
represent  the  facts,  and  it  is  more  convenient,  if  not  more 
natural,  to  divide  the  group  into  the  following  six  orders, 
which  may  be  considered  as  approximately  equal  in  rank :  — 
I.  Marchantiales  ;  II.  Jungermanniales  ;  III.  Anthocero- 
TALES  ;  IV.  Sphagnales  ;  V.  Andre^ales  ;  VI.  Bryales.  By 
adopting  this  course  it  becomes  much  more  practicable  to 
assign  definite  characters  to  the  various  subdivisions.  Of 
these  six  orders  the  first  three  comprise  the  HepaticDS  and 
the  last  three  the  Musci,  as  limited  by  the  majority  of  botanical 
works ;  and  it  is  still  often  convenient  to  employ  the  terms  in 
this  general  sense. 

THE  MARCHANTIALES 

The  present  order  includes  about  half  of  the  thalloid  Bryo- 
phytes known  from  Connecticut,  and  most  of  the  species  are 
large  and  conspicuous.  Two  are  normally  aquatic,  floating  in 
ponds  or  slow  streams ;  the  others  are  all  terrestrial,  and  even 
the  aquatic  species  tend  to  become  terrestrial  through  the 
drying  up  of  the  water  in  which  they  live.  Except  in  the 
aquatic   forms   the   thallus   clings  closely   to  the   substratum. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  1 3 

sometimes  so  closely  that  it  cannot  be  separated  without  injury. 
It  develops  two  types  of  rhizoids,  both  of  which  represent 
simple  outgrowths  from  cells.  In  one  type  the  walls  are  thin 
throughout;  in  the  other  they  bear  scattered  local  thickenings 
in  the  form  of  short  rods  which  project  into  the  lumen.  The 
rhizoids  are  all  short-lived,  and  those  of  the  first  type  simply 
anchor  the  plant  to  the  substratum ;  those  of  the  second  type, 
however,  by  means  of  capillarity,  play  a  certain  part  in  the 
process  of  absorption.  In  addition  to  the  rhizoids,  the  thallus 
often  bears  longitudinal  rows  of  delicate  scales  on  the  lower 
surface.  These  are  developed  very  early  and  arch  up  over  the 
growing  point,  thus  protecting  it  from  injury. 

The  thallus  is  more  or  less  differentiated,  and  always  shows, 
at  least  in  certain  stages  of  development,  a  distinct  epidermis, 
beneath  which  the  photosynthetic  tissue  is  situated.  The  latter 
consists  of  green  cells  loosely  arranged  with  intercellular  spaces 
containing  air  among  them.  In  the  higher  forms  these  cells 
are  in  distinct  air-chambers,  which  communicate  with  the  out- 
side air  by  means  of  pores  in  the  epidermis.  In  the  lower 
forms  they  simply  line  the  intercellular  spaces,  and  the  com- 
munication with  the  outside  air  is  often  less  definite.  The 
Marchantiales  are  divided  into  two  families,  the  Ricciaceas  and 
the  Marchantiacese,  which  differ  from  each  other  most 
markedly  in  the  structure  of  the  sporophyte. 

The  Ricciacese  include  both  aquatic  and  terrestrial  species, 
and  are  usually  smaller  than  the  Marchantiacese.  The  ter- 
restrial forms  grow  in  old  fields,  along  damp  roadsides,  and 
on  the  muddy  borders  of  ponds.  The  thallus,  which  rarely 
attains  a  length  of  fifteen  millimeters,  forks  repeatedly  in 
one  plane,  thus  giving  rise  to  a  characteristic  rosette.  All  the 
New  England  species  are  annual,  developing  their  sporophytes 
in  the  autumn.  The  aquatic  Ricciacese  are  larger  than  the 
others,  and  rarely  produce  sporophytes,  the  tips  of  the  thallus 
being  able  to  survive  the  winter.  When  they  become  ter- 
restrial, they  sometimes  assume  an  appearance  very  different 
from  their  normal  aquatic  state. 

The  archegonia  in  the  Ricciacese  are  so  deeply  immersed 
in  the  thallus  that  only  their  necks  protrude  above  the  surface. 
In  consequence  of  this  fact  the  sporophytes  begin  their 
development  beneath  the  surface,  and  they  retain  this  position 


14  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

until  they  are  mature.  The  sporophyte  is  much  simpler  than 
in  any  of  the  other  Bryophytes  and  consists  of  a  spherical 
capsule  only,  which  absorbs  through  its  entire  surface.  The 
capsule  contains  nothing  but  spores,  and  these  are  at  first 
enclosed  by  the  capsule  wall,  consisting  of  a  single  layer  of 
cells.  As  development  advances,  this  wall  gradually  disap- 
pears, and  the  mature  spores  lie  free  within  the  calyptra.  They 
are  set  free  by  the  decay  of  the  surrounding  tissues  of  the 
gametophyte,  and  are  dispersed  largely  through  the  agency 
of  water. 

The  Marchantiacese  are  all  terrestrial,  some  of  them  grow- 
ing on  shaded  rocks  or  in  their  crevices  and  others  on  damp  or 
wet  earth.  The  thallus  is  more  highly  differentiated  than 
in  the  Ricciaceae,  and  in  the  larger  species  sometimes  reaches 
a  length  of  twenty  centimeters  or  more  and  a  width  of  ten 
millimeters.  The  branching  is  normally  but  not  invariably  by 
forking.  The  New  England  species  are  more  or  less  peren- 
nial but  some  of  them  develop  sporophytes  during  the  first 
year. 

Except  in  a  few  genera  which  do  not  occur  in  the  eastern 
United  States,  the  archegonia  are  borne  on  modified  branches 
or  outgrowths  of  the  thallus  known  as  carpocephala.  These 
consist  of  two  parts,  an  apical  discoid  or  conical  expansion 
and  a  basal  cylindrical  stalk.  Sooner  or  later  the  stalk  elon- 
gates and  carries  the  expansion,  to  which  it  is  attached  in  a 
peltate  manner,  high  up  above  the  surface  of  the  thallus.  As 
the  sporophytes  mature,  they  extend  horizontally  from  the 
margin  of  the  expanded  portion  or  else  hang  downward  from 
its  lower  surface.  They  are  more  complex  than  in  the  Ric- 
ciaceae and  not  only  develop  a  capsule  with  a  persistent  wall  but 
also  a  foot  and  a  short  stalk,  although  the  line  of  demarcation 
between  the  two  latter  organs  is  not  always  clearly  defined. 
The  spore  cavity  contains  not  only  the  spores  but  also  a  large 
number  of  peculiar  bodies  known  as  elaters,  each  of  which 
consists  of  a  long  and  slender  cell  with  a  thin  cell  wall, 
strengthened  on  the  inside  by  one  or  more  spiral  bands  of 
thickening.  When  the  spores  become  mature,  the  stalk 
elongates  slightly,  the  calyptra  is  ruptured,  and  the  wall  bursts, 
either  by  means  of  irregular  valves  extending  backward  from 
the  apex,  or  else  by  a  circular  line,  which  leaves  the  basal 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  1 5 

portion  of  the  capsule  wall  in  the  form  of  a  cup.  As  the 
spores  and  elaters  become  dry,  the  latter  through  their 
elasticity  stretch  out  and  separate  the  spores.  In  this  way  the 
contents  of  the  capsule  form  a  loose  cottony  mass,  which  can 
be  easily  carried  away  by  the  wind.  In  certain  genera  the 
gametophyte  develops  a  special  protective  organ  for  the 
sporophyte  outside  the  calyptra.  This  is  usually  in  the  form 
of  a  hollow  tube  or  sheath  open  at  the  tip,  and  may  be  called 
a  pseudoperianth,  to  distinguish  it  from  a  very  similar  organ 
found  in  many  of  the  leafy  Jungermanniales. 

THE  JUNGERMANNIALES 
Both  thalloid  and  leafy  forms  are  here  represented.  All 
are  characterized  by  a  slight  degree  of  cell  differentiation  and 
by  a  lack  of  intercellular  spaces,  even  among  the  green  cells. 
The  rhizoids  are  all  essentially  alike  and  agree  with  the  first 
type  described  for  the  Marchantiales.  Their  only  function  is 
that  of  anchorage,  and  to  perform  this  more  efficiently  they 
frequently  become  lobed  or  branched  at  the  extremity.  In 
many  of  the  genera  absorption  seems  to  be  carried  on  by  all 
the  surface  cells. 

With  the  exception  of  a  very  few  primitive  types  which 
are  not  known  from  New  England,  the  sporophyte  is  practically 
uniform  throughout  the  entire  order.  It  consists  of  a  distinct 
foot,  a  stalk,  and  a  capsule,  and  it  remains  enclosed  within 
the  calyptra  until  the  spores  are  mature.  The  stalk  consists 
of  strongly  flattened  cells  arranged  in  longitudinal  rows,  and 
the  capsule,  as  in  the  Marchantiaceas,  contains  both  spores  and 
elaters.  When  the  spores  are  ready  to  be  disseminated,  the 
stalk  elongates  rapidly  through  the  lengthening  of  its  individual 
cells  and  thus  forces  the  capsule  through  the  calyptra.  The 
latter  is  thus  irregularly  ruptured  but  continues  to  enclose  the 
base  of  the  stalk.  The  capsule  now  raised  on  its  stalk  soon 
splits  its  wall,  usually  into  four  valves,  the  lines  of  dehiscence 
extending  from  the  apex  to  or  toward  the  base.  The  spores 
are  scattered  in  much  the  same  way  as  in  the  Marchantiaceae, 
although  the  elaters  sometimes  play  a  more  active  part  in  their 
dispersal.  The  Jungermanniales  are  also  divided  into  two 
families,  the  Metzgeriaceae  and  the  Jungermanniacese,  the  most 


l6  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

important  differences  in  this  case  being  in  the  gametophytes. 

In  most  of  the  Metzgeriacese  the  gametophyte  is  a  thallus, 
but  a  few  of  the  genera  show  a  more  or  less  complete  differen- 
tiation into  stem  and  leaves.  The  plants  are  usually  composed 
of  parenchyma  throughout,  but  a  few  thalloid  species  develop 
a  very  primitive  conducting  tissue  composed  of  elongated  cells 
with  lignified  walls.  The  archegonia  are  borne  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  gametophyte  or  of  a  special  branch,  and  do  not 
directly  terminate  its  growth.  In  many  cases  a  protective 
structure  is  developed  outside  the  calyptra,  and  this  sometimes 
assumes  the  form  of  a  pseudoperianth  as  in  the  Marchantiacese. 

The  Jungermanniacese  are  sometimes  called  Scale  Mosses, 
the  gametophyte  being  invariably  a  leafy  stem.  Most  of  the 
species  are  prostrate,  and  the  plants  show  a  distinct  dorsi- 
ventrality,  even  when  ascending  or  erect.  The  leaves  are 
normally  alternate  and  arranged  in  three  ranks,  two  of  which 
are  turned  toward  the  light  and  the  third  toward  the  sub- 
stratum. The  leaves  of  this  third  rank  are  called  underleaves, 
and  are  usually  much  smaller  than  the  others  and  different 
from  them  in  form.  Sometimes  they  are  so  much  reduced  in 
size  that  they  can  scarcely  be  demonstrated,  and  in  a  few 
genera  they  are  absent  altogether.  The  two  ranks  of  large 
leaves  usually  spread  out  in  such  a  way  that  the  whole  shoot 
acquires  a  strongly  flattened  appearance,  very  characteristic 
of  the  family  as  a  whole. 

The  leaves  as  a  rule  exhibit  no  cell  differentiation  whatever, 
and  are  invariably  destitute  of  midribs.  They  show,  however, 
a  great  deal  of  variation  in  form  and  in  the  way  in  which 
they  are  attached  to  the  stem.  They  are  sometimes  undivided, 
sometimes  variously  toothed,  lobed,  or  deeply  cleft ;  they  are 
sometimes  developed  in  one  plane,  sometimes  variously  folded ; 
they  are  sometimes  attached  by  a  continuous  line,  sometimes 
by  two  lines  which  meet  at  an  angle.  In  a  few  genera  the 
leaves  develop  peculiar  organs,  known  as  water  sacs,  in  which 
water  may  be  temporarily  retained.  The  branches  sometimes 
show  a  differentiation  into  those  which  bear  normal  leaves 
and  those  which  assume  a  flagelliform  appearance,  the  leaves 
in  the  latter  case  being  strongly  reduced  or  even  absent 
altogether.     The  flagelliform  branches  frequently  perform  the 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  1 7 

function  of  holding  the  plant  more  firmly  in  place,  and  are 
confined  to  certain  species  and  genera. 

The  archegonia  are  borne  at  the  apices  of  stems  or  of 
special  branches  and  stop  their  further  elongation.  The  leaves 
and  underleaves  which  develop  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  archegonia  are  more  or  less  modified,  and  are  designated 
bracts  and  bracteoles  respectively.  Taken  together  they  con- 
stitute the  involucre.  This  often  surrounds  the  developing 
sporophyte  and  helps  protect  it.  In  the  majority  of  the  genera, 
however,  the  gametophyte  develops  a  special  protecting  organ. 
This  usually  consists  of  a  hollow  tube,  open  at  the  top  and 
enclosed  by  the  involucre ;  and,  since  this  tube  is  theoretically 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  modified  leaves,  it  is  called  a 
perianth,  although  it  is  not  homologous  with  the  perianth  in 
flowering  plants.  In  a  few  cases  the  fertile  branch  takes  on  a 
peculiar  growth  as  the  result  of  fertilization,  and  forms  a 
hollow  cup  around  the  sporophyte.  This  is  known  as  a 
perigyniiim,  and  may  be  either  pendent  or  erect.  In  the  latter 
case  the  uppermost  bracts  and  bracteoles  are  often  carried  up 
on  the  outside.  In  very  rare  instances  the  young  sporophyte 
penetrates  the  tip  of  the  fertile  branch,  which  serves  directly 
as  a  protecting  organ  without  undergoing  marked  modifica- 
tions. Under  these  circumstances  the  calyptra  itself  often 
fails  to  develop. 

The  Jungermanniales  are  about  nine  times  as  numerous  in 
Connecticut  as  the  Marchantiales.  Less  than  one  seventh  of 
the  recorded  species  are  Metzgeriacese,  the  others  being  all 
Jungermanniacese.  A  few  are  more  or  less  aquatic,  either 
floating  on  the  surface  of  the  water  or  attached  to  submerged 
rocks  or  stones.  A  few  others  are  to  be  found  in  bogs  or 
swamps.  The  remainder  grow  on  rocks,  on  banks,  on  earth, 
or  on  the  trunks  of  trees,  usually  in  damp  and  shaded  localities. 
They  vary  greatly  in  size,  a  few  being  hardly  perceptible  to 
the  naked  eye,  while  others  attain  a  length  of  ten  centimeters 
or  more.  The  sporophytes,  with  few  exceptions,  reach 
maturity  in  the  spring. 


l8  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

THE  ANTHOCEROTALES 

The  Anthocerotales  are  sometimes  called  Hornworts  or 
Horned  Liverworts,  and  embrace  the  single  family  Anthocero- 
taceae.  This  includes  only  three  recognized  genera,  two  of 
which  are  represented  in  Connecticut.  In  spite  of  its  small 
size,  the  order  is  of  especial  interest  to  the  student  of  plant 
morphology  and  evolution,  because  it  probably  represents,  more 
closely  than  any  of  the  other  existing  Bryophytes,  the  ancestors 
of  the  Pteridophytes.  The  northern  species  are  all  annuals, 
and  make  their  appearance  in  May  or  June  in  wet  pastures, 
along  roadsides,  or  on  wet  rocks.  Each  gametophyte  has 
several  sporophytes  growing  from  it ;  they  begin  to  develop 
late  in  the  summer,  and  continue  in  many  cases  until  the 
plants  are  killed  by  the  frost. 

The  gametophyte  is  a  thallus,  sometimes  bearing  irregular 
and  crispate  outgrowths  on  the  upper  surface  or  along  the 
margin,  but  never  definitely  divided  into  stem  and  leaves.  The 
thallus  branches  by  forking,  but  the  forks  are  so  close  together 
that  it  soon  assumes  the  form  of  a  fleshy  circular  disc  with 
many  growing  points  scattered  along  the  margin.  It  ap- 
parently absorbs  throughout  its  entire  surface,  and  is  attached 
to  the  soil  by  means  of  thin-walled  rhizoids,  similar  to  those 
of  the  first  type  in  the  Marchantiales.  The  thallus  shows  but 
a  slight  degree  of  cell  differentiation,  but  some  of  the  species 
develop  minute  intercellular  spaces,  which,  however,  may  con- 
tain slime  as  well  as  air.  The  green  cells  are  characterized  by 
the  presence  of  a  single  large  chloroplast  in  each.  This  is 
in  the  form  of  a  plate  with  thin  and  irregular  margins,  lying 
close  to  the  cell  wall.  Cells  of  this  type  are  found  nowhere 
else  among  the  Bryophytes,  and  probably  represent  a  primitive 
characteristic,  indicative  perhaps  of  a  distant  relationship  with 
the  green  Algae.  In  all  the  other  orders  each  green  cell  con- 
tains a  number  of  small,  disc-like  chloroplasts,  and  agrees  in 
structure  with  the  green  cells  of  the  higher  plants.  Taking 
it  as  a  whole,  the  gametophyte  in  the  Anthocerotales  is  even 
more  primitive  than  in  either  the  Ricciacea  or  Metzgeriacese. 
Even  the  archegonia,  although  showing  essentially  the  same 
structure  as   in  the  other   Bryophytes,   are   imbedded   in   the 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  I9 

thallus  so  that  only  the  tip  of  the  neck  protrudes.  For  this 
reason  no  true  calyptra  is  developed,  the  function  of  this  organ 
being  assumed  by  a  tubular  outgrowth  of  the  gametophyte, 
which  encloses  the  base  of  the  sporophyte. 

Although  the  gametophyte  in  the  present  order  is  so 
simple,  the  sporophyte  shows  a  high  degree  of  complexity 
when  compared  with  the  preceding  groups.  It  consists  of  two 
principal  parts,  a  spherical  or  flattened  foot,  and  a  long  and 
slender  capsule,  tapering  somewhat  toward  the  apex.  No  true 
stalk  is  formed,  the  base  of  the  capsule  passing  imperceptibly 
into  an  undifferentiated  region  composed  of  embryonic  cells. 
These  continue  to  give  rise  to  new  cells,  which  gradually 
become  differentiated  into  the  permanent  tissues  of  the  capsule. 
The  presence  of  these  embryonic  cells  enables  the  sporophyte 
to  grow  indefinitely,  a  power  which  no  other  sporophytes  pos- 
sess until  the  Pteridophytes  are  reached.  On  account  of  the 
basal  position  of  the  growing  region,  the  apex  of  the  capsule 
is  the  first  part  to  mature,  and  all  stages  of  development  are  to 
be  observed  in  passing  from  the  apex  toward  the  base.  The 
cross  section  is  approximately  circular,  but  sometimes  two 
longitudinal  grooves  are  formed,  showing  where  the  wall  will 
eventually  split.  The  latter  is  relatively  much  thicker  than 
in  the  preceding  orders,  the  spore  cavity  being  distinctly 
smaller.  In  the  higher  forms  the  wall  is  bounded  on  the  out- 
side by  a  distinct  epidermis,  with  stomata,  and  this  encloses 
several  layers  of  green  cells  separated  by  minute  air  spaces. 
The  wall  therefore  represents  a  photosynthetic  tissue,  compar- 
able to  the  mesophyll  in  the  higher  plants.  In  the  lower 
forms  the  wall  is  less  highly  differentiated  and  no  stomata  are 
developed.  The  center  of  the  capsule  is  occupied  by  a  slender 
but  more  or  less  clearly  defined  columella  composed  of  sterile 
cells,  and  the  spore  cavity  is  in  the  form  of  a  hollow  cylinder 
between  the  columella  and  the  capsule  wall.  The  cavity  is 
continuous  over  the  tip  of  the  columella  at  the  apex  of  the 
capsule.  It  contains  both  spores  and  elaters ;  but  the  latter 
are  irregularly  and  poorly  developed  in  northern  species,  and 
do  not  develop  local  thickenings  in  their  walls.  When  the 
apex  of  the  capsule  is  mature,  the  wall  splits  into  two  valves, 
the  splits  gradually  extending  downward  as  the  development 


20  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

proceeds.  The  valves,  as  they  separate,  soon  become  dry  and 
black,  and  the  columella  appears  like  a  fine  hair  projecting 
from  the  open  capsule.  The  gametophyte  covered  over  with 
sporophytes  often  presents  the  appearance  of  a  tuft  of  fine 
grass. 

The  structure  of  the  sporophyte  in  the  Anthocerotales  is  so 
peculiar  that  Howe  separated  the  order  from  the  Hepaticae 
and  made  of  it  a  distinct  subclass,  to  which  he  gave  the  name 
Anthocerotes.  He  therefore  divided  the  Bryophytes  into  three 
subclasses ;  Hepaticae,  Anthocerotes,  and  Musci.  In  this 
procedure  he  is  followed,  provisionally  at  least,  by  Campbell, 
but  European  writers  continue  to  use  the  term  Hepaticae  in 
the  old  sense. 

THE  SPHAGNALES 

The  Sphagnales  or  Peat  Mosses  comprise  the  single  genus 
Sphagnum.  They  are  well  represented  in  Connecticut,  and 
include  some  of  our  largest  and  most  conspicuous  Bryophytes. 
The  peat  mosses  are  occasionally  found  on  wet  rocks  or  banks, 
but  are  most  at  home  in  bogs,  where  they  sometimes  grow  sub- 
merged but  more  frequently  rise  above  the  ♦surface  of  the 
water.  In  favorable  localities  they  form  dense  and  extensive 
colonies.  Under  these  circumstances  the  stems  are  upright  and 
afford  one  another  mutual  support.  No  rhizoids  are  developed 
except  when  the  plants  are  very  young.  The  branching  is 
always  monopodial,  the  ♦branches  arising  in  fascicles  of  from 
three  to  eight.  The  fascicles  are  numerous,  and  the  branches 
appear  densely  crowded  at  the  tips  of  the  plants  because  the 
elongation  of  the  stem  is  at  first  very  slow.  In  older  parts 
the  fascicles  become  more  separated.  The  branches  are  of 
three  types :  —  spreading  branches,  which  remain  simple  and 
are  limited  in  growth ;  pendent  branches,  which  also  remain 
simple  and  limited  in  growth,  but  which  grow  downward  close 
to  the  stem  and  form  a  sort  of  loose  covering  around  it ;  erect 
branches,  which  are  unlimited  in  growth  and  give  rise  to 
spreading  and  pendent  branches  of  their  own.  These  erect 
branches  are  only  occasionally  produced,  and,  since  they  repeat 
the  stem  in  all  respects,  apparently  arise  by  forking. 

The  leaves  are  arranged  in  five  longitudinal  rows,  although 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  21 

this  fact  is  sometimes  difficult  to  demonstrate.  They  are  desti- 
tute of  midribs,  but  show  a  remarkable  differentiation  into  two 
kinds  of  cells :  —  green  cells,  which  remain  alive  for  a  long 
time ;  and  colorless  cells,  which  soon  lose  their  living  contents 
and  become  empty.  In  the  leaves  of  the  spreading  branches 
the  green  cells  are  united  in  such  a  way  that  they  form  a 
loose  network,  each  mesh  of  which  is  filled  with  a  single 
large  colorless  cell.  The  latter  is  characterized  by  a  thin  wall, 
usually  with  band-like  thickenings  on  the  inside  which  keep 
it  from  collapsing,  and  by  holes  or  pores  which  place  its 
cavity  in  direct  communication  with  the  outside.  The  stems 
and  branches  are  usually  covered  over  on  the  outside  by  a 
cortex  composed  of  similar  colorless  cells ;  within  this  is  a 
distinct  zone  of  sclerenchyma  enclosing  a  central  pith.  The 
tufted  habit  of  the  peat  mosses,  their  upright  stems  covered 
with  pendent  branches,  and  their  porous  hyaline  cells,  account 
for  the  ease  with  which  they  suck  up  and  retain  water.  The 
process  is  largely  due  to  capillarity. 

The  archegonia  are  borne  at  the  tips  of  branches,  and 
limit  their  growth  just  as  in  the  Jungermanniacese.  The 
sporophyte  consists  of  a  spherical  capsule  and  a  broad  foot 
with  a  deep  constriction  between  them.  No  true  stalk  is 
developed.  The  calyptra  persists  until  the  spores  are  mature, 
and  is  then  irregularly  ruptured  by  the  dehiscence  of  the 
capsule.  The  latter  while  still  immature  contains  a  large 
columella  in  the  form  of  a  hemisphere.  This  is  covered  over 
at  the  apex  by  the  small  spore  cavity  in  much  the  same  way 
as  in  the  Anthocerotales,  but  the  cavity  contains  spores  only. 
The  wall  of  the  capsule  is  several  cells  thick,  the  outer  layer 
forming  a  distinct  epidermis.  Some  of  the  inner  cells  contain 
chloroplasts,  but  there  are  no  intercellular  spaces  among  them, 
and  the  epidermis  develops  no  effective  stomata,  so  that  the 
wall  can  hardly  serve  as  a  very  useful  photosynthetic  tissue. 
When  the  spores  are  mature,  the  upper  part  of  the  archegonial 
branch  elongates  rapidly,  thus  simulating  a  stalk,  and  the 
capsule  opens  by  means  of  a  circular  split  in  the  wall,  which 
cuts  off  a  cap-like  lid.  As  the  drying  of  the  capsule  proceeds, 
the  pressure  in  the  interior  increases,  until  a  sudden  liberation 
takes  place  which   shoots   out  the   spores  together   with   the 


22  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

lid  to  a  distance  of  ten  centimeters  or  more.     The  ripening 
and  scattering  of  the  spores  occurs  in  the  summer  months. 

THE  ANDRE^ALES 

The  present  order  contains  the  single  genus  Andreaea, 
separated  from  the  Bryales  on  account  of  the  peculiar  structure 
of  the  capsule.  The  species  are  all  small,  and  grow  in  tufts  on 
siliceous  rocks,  usually  in  mountainous  regions.  The  gameto- 
phyte  consists  of  an  upright  and  sparingly  branched  stem  bear- 
ing crowded  leaves  in  the  three-eighths  arrangement.  Except 
for  the  midrib,  which  occurs  in  certain  species  only,  the  leaves 
show  no  cell  differentiation. 

The  sporophyte  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  that  of 
Sphagnum.  It  consists  of  an  oval  capsule  and  a  well-developed 
foot,  but  no  true  stalk  is  formed.  The  calyptra  is  very  delicate 
and  is  ruptured  long  before  the  spores  are  mature ;  sometimes 
it  is  carried  up  on  the  tip  of  the  capsule,  sometimes  it  remains 
at  the  base  and  the  capsule  protrudes  through  it,  very  much  as 
in  the  Jungermanniaceae.  The  capsule  contains  a  definite 
columella,  arched  over  by  the  spore  cavity  in  the  form  of  a 
hollow  cylinder,  and  is  bounded  on  the  outside  by  a  wall 
several  cells  thick.  The  wall  has  a  distinct  epidermis  without 
stomata,  and  is  probably  not  very  efficient  as  a  photosynthetic 
tissue,  although  some  of  its  cells  contain  chloroplasts.  When 
the  spores  are  mature,  the  tip  of  the  archegonial  branch  elon- 
gates rapidly,  assuming  the  function  of  a  stalk,  and  the  wall 
of  the  capsule  splits  along  four  longitudinal  lines.  These  do 
not  extend,  however,  to  the  apex,  but  they  are  sufficient  to 
expose  the  spores  and  to  allow  them  to  be  scattered  by  the 
wind.  Tlie  capsule  usually  reaches  maturity  in  the  spring  or 
early  summer. 

THE  BRYALES 

The  Bryales,  or  True  Mosses,  constitute  the  largest  order 
of  the  Bryophytes,  and  include  about  two  thirds  of  the  Con- 
necticut species.  The  gametophyte  varies  greatly  in  size,  being 
sonu'times  only  one  millimeter  long  and  sometimes  attaining 
a  length  of  ten  centimeters  or  more.  It  always  consists  of  a 
leafy  shoot,  the  leaves  being  usually  arranged  in  more  than 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  23 

three  longitudinal  rows.  The  leaves  vary  in  form  from  linear 
to  orbicular,  and,  although  they  are  sometimes  toothed  or 
even  ciliate  on  the  margins,  they  are  never  deeply  lobed  or 
divided  as  in  some  of  the  Jungermanniaceae.  Except  for  the 
midrib,  which  may  or  may  not  be  present,  the  leaves  very 
rarely .  show  any  differentiation  in  their  cells.  In  prostrate 
species  the  plants  sometimes  acquire  a  dorsi-ventral  appearance, 
and  a  slight  differentiation  in  the  leaves  is  occasionally  to  be 
observed.  These  peculiarities,  however,  are  never  so  clearly 
marked  as  in  the  Jungermanniaceae,  and  there  is  little  danger 
of  confusing  the  True  Mosses  with  the  Scale  Mosses.  The 
branching  in  the  Bryales  is  always  of  the  monopodial  type,  and 
is  often  distinctly  pinnate.  In  the  lower  forms  the  stem 
presents  a  simple  and  uniform  structure,  but  in  some  of  the 
higher  genera  it  shows  a  distinct  cell  differentiation  into 
storage,  strengthening,  and  conducting  tissues,  and  the  same 
is  sometimes  true  of  the  midribs  of  the  leaves. 

In  the  majority  of  cases  the  sporophyte  shows  a  distinct 
foot,  a  firm  stalk,  which  early  becomes  elongated,  and  a  highly 
complex  capsule.  The  calyptra  at  first  keeps  pace  with  the 
lengthening  sporophyte  but  soon  stops  growing  and  becomes 
ruptured.  In  nearly  every  case  the  line  of  rupture  is  near  the 
base,  and  the  calyptra  is  carried  up  on  the  tip  of  the  sporophyte. 
As  the  capsule  gradually  enlarges,  the  calyptra,  which  is  now 
cut  off  from  its  source  of  food-supply,  dries  up  and  splits  in 
one  or  more  places,  so  that  it  frequently  falls  away  long  before 
the  spores  are  mature.  The  spore  cavity  occupies  a  relatively 
small  space  in  an  immature  capsule,  and  is  in  the  form  of  a 
hollow  cylinder  open  at  both  ends,  differing  in  this  respect 
from  all  the  preceding  Bryophytes.  It  encloses  a  massive 
columella,  and  is  bounded  by  a  thick  wall,  which,  in  most 
species,  represents  an  efficient  photosynthetic  tissue.  The 
outer  cell  layer  of  the  wall  forms  an  epidermis  with  stomata, 
the  latter  being  usually  restricted  to  the  base  of  the  capsule. 
The  green  cells  are  usually  arranged  in  two  more  or  less 
definite  layers,  one  surrounding  the  spore  cavity  and  the  other 
lining  the  epidermis.  These  two  layers  are  separated  by  a 
large  air  space  in  the  form  of  a  hollow  cylinder.  Stretching 
across  the  air  space  from  one  green  layer  to  the  other  are 


24  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT,    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

rows  of  green  cells,  which  play  a  part  in  holding  the  central 
portion  of  the  capsule  in  place.  Of  course  the  stomata  aflford 
a  communication  between  the  air  space  and  the  outside  air. 

As  the  spores  mature,  the  photosynthetic  tissue  breaks 
down,  the  columella  shrivels,  and  the  spores  eventually  lie 
loose  in  an  enlarged  cavity,  bounded  by  little  more  than  the 
epidermal  layer  of  the  capsule  wall.  In  a  few  of  the  simpler 
genera  the  capsule  bursts  irregularly  at  maturity.  In  the 
majority  of  cases,  however,  it  splits  by  a  circular  line  in  the 
upper  part,  which  cuts  off  an  apical  portion,  or  Hd,  from  the 
capsule  proper.  Sometimes  the  region  of  splitting  is  marked 
by  a  row  of  modified  epidermal  cells,  called  an  annulus,  but 
this  is  not  always  developed.  The  walls  of  the  annular  cells 
have  the  power  of  absorbing  water  readily  and  swelling,  thus 
forcing  the  lid  to  separate.  After  the  lid  has  fallen  away, 
the  mouth  of  the  capsule  usually  appears  fringed  with  a  circle 
of  pointed  teeth  called  a  peristome,  and  in  many  genera  two 
peristomes  are  developed,  an  inner  and  an  outer.  The  inner 
peristome  is  always  more  delicate  than  the  outer,  and  its 
divisions,  when  present,  are  called  segments,  instead  of  teeth. 
The  segments  are  sometimes  separated  from  one  another  by 
one  or  more  delicate  hair-like  structures  known  as  cilia.  The 
peristome  plays  a  peculiar  part  in  the  scattering  of  the  spores ; 
in  moist  weather  the  teeth  come  together  and  close  the  mouth 
of  the  capsule ;  in  dry  weather  they  separate  and  allow  the 
wind  to  scatter  the  spores.  Although  the  description  just 
given  will  apply  to  the  majority  of  cases,  the  structure  of 
the  capsule  may  be  much  simpler  or  even  more  complex  than 
indicated.  Taking  the  Bryales  as  a  whole,  the  sporophyte 
shows  the  highest  type  of  development  to  be  found  in  the 
Bryophytes.  It  does  not,  however,  show  unlimited  growth, 
the  entire  capsule  maturing  at  the  same  time,  and  in  this 
respect  it  is  surpassed  by  the  Anthocerotales. 

The  Bryales  are  divided  by  Brotherus  into  more  than  forty 
families,  about  half  of  which  are  represented  in  Connecticut. 
These  are  based  on  the  general  habit  and  structure  of  the 
gamctophyte  and  on  the  peculiarities  of  the  capsule,  many  of 
the  most  important  characters  being  derived  from  the 
peristome.     The   species   flourish   best   in   moist   and    shaded 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT,  25 

localities,  and  are  often  found  in  company  with  the  Jungerman- 
niales.  Quite  a  number  of  them,  however,  are  able  to  live  in 
much  drier  localities,  such  as  exposed  rocks  and  sandy  fields. 
Of  the  Connecticut  species  a  few  are  annual  but  the  majority 
are  perennial.  Most  of  them  mature  their  spores  in  the  fall 
or  early  winter,  and  the  others  in  the  spring  or  early  summer. 
During  the  hot  days  of  July,  August,  and  September,  many  of 
the  mosses  become  completely  dried  up,  and  their  vegetative 
activities  are  interrupted.  Even  under  favorable  conditions 
for  growth  it  is  very  unusual  to  find  perfect  capsules  at  this 
season  of  the  year. 

HISTORY    OF    BRYOLOGY    IN    CONNECTICUT 

The  first  systematic  collections  of  Bryophytes  in  Con- 
necticut were  made  by  Daniel  C.  Eaton,  Professor  of  Botany  in 
Yale  University  from  1864  until  1895,  the  year  of  his  death. 
Professor  Eaton  was  a  member  of  the  class  of  1857,  Yale 
College,  and  began  his  bryological  studies  while  still  an  under- 
graduate. From  the  very  outset  he  enjoyed  the  privilege  of 
corresponding  with  W.  S.  Sullivant,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  at 
that  time  the  leading  authority  on  North  American  Mosses 
and  Hepatics,  and  this  correspondence  was  continued  until 
Sullivant's  death  in  1864.  During  this  period  many  doubtful 
Connecticut  specimens  were  sent  for  comment  or  determina- 
tion, among  them  being  a  sterile  Fontinalis  collected  near  New 
Haven.  This  specimen  is  apparently  the  first  Connecticut 
Bryophyte  which  is  definitely  mentioned  in  the  literature.  It 
was  first  referred  to  F.  hiformis  Sulliv.,  and  is  listed  under 
this  name  in  the  "  Musci  and  Hepaticse  of  the  United  States," 
originally  written  by  Sullivant  for  the  second  edition  of  Gray's 
"  Manual  of  Botany,"  published  in  1856,  but  reprinted  the 
same  year  as  a  separate  work  under  the  above  title.  F.  hiformis 
was  based  on  Ohio  specimens,  and  according  to  our  present 
knowledge  is  restricted  to  the  region  of  the  Great  Lakes.  It 
was  soon  discovered  therefore  that  the  Connecticut  material 
had  been  incorrectly  determined.  •  Sullivant  hastened  to  call 
attention  to  this  fact  in  the  "  Additions  and  Corrections  "  to 
his    "  Musci    and   Hepaticse,"    which   appear   in   the   separate 


26  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

edition,  but  are  not  included  in  the  "  Manual."  The  Con- 
necticut Fontinalis  is  here  transferred  to  F.  Nov<2  Anglicz 
Sulliv.,  a  species  proposed  as  new  and  based  on  material  from 
several  stations  in  southern  New  England.  Eight  years  after- 
ward, in  his  "  Icones  Muscorum,"  Sullivant  accredited  to  Con- 
necticut a  second  species  of  Moss,  Grimmia  Olneyi  Sulliv., 
originally  described  from  Rhode  Island  material. 

About  the  time  of  Sullivant's  death,  Professor  Eaton  began 
a  correspondence  with  the  late  C.  F.  Austin,  of  Closter,  New 
Jersey,  who  published  many  short  papers  on  Bryophytes  be- 
tween 1863  and  1880.  Austin  was  even  more  interested  in 
the  Hepaticae  than  in  the  Mosses,  and  much  of  our  present 
knowledge  of  this  group  of  plants  is  based  on  his  studies. 
In  1873  he  issued  his  "  Hepaticae  Boreali-Americanse,"  the  first 
set  of  exsiccatae  devoted  exclusively  to  North  American 
Hepatics.  For  this  publication  Professor  Eaton  supplied  a 
portion  of  the  material  distributed  under  No.  115,  as  Aneura 
pinnatiRda  Nees,  now  known  as  Riccardia  sinuata  (Dicks.) 
Trevis.,  and  this  is  apparently  the  first  published  reference  to 
a  Connecticut  Hepatic,  the  specimens  being  recorded  from 
near  New  Haven. 

With  the  exception  of  these  scattered  notes  nothing  of  im-- 
portance  seems  to  have  been  published  on  Connecticut  Bryo- 
phytes until  1878,  although  a  large  collection  was  gradually 
being  accumulated.  In  this  year  the  Berzelius  Society  of  the 
Sheffield  Scientific  School  printed  "  A  Catalogue  of  the  Flow- 
ering Plants  and  Higher  Cryptogams  growing  without  cultiva- 
tion within  thirty  miles  of  Yale  College."  This  catalogue  in- 
cludes not  only  the  Acrogens,  or  Pteridophytes,  but  also  the 
Anogens,  or  Bryophytes,  differing  in  this  respect  from  the 
majority  of  local  lists.  The  account  of  the  Anogens,  in  which 
170  Mosses  and  54  Hepatics  are  enumerated,  was  prepared  by 
Professor  Eaton,  and  forms  one  of  his  most  important  contri- 
butions to  the  literature  of  bryology.  The  common  and  widely 
distributed  species  are  listed  by  name  only,  but  definite  stations 
are  given  for  the  rarer  species,  and  frequently  the  names  of  the 
collectors  also  are  mentioned.  Although  Professor  Eaton's 
own  name  appears  but  rarely,  it  is  evident  from  his  herbarium 
that  he  had  found  most  of  the  species  listed.     Mr.  J.  A.  Allen 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT,  2/ 

is  quoted  for  a  number  of  the  most  interesting  species,  and 
Professor  O.  D.  Allen,  Mr.  A.  Barron,  Mr.  E.  E.  Brewster, 
Mr.  W.  T.  Browne,  Mr.  N.  Coleman,  Dr.  F.  W.  Hall,  Dr. 
G.  R.  Kleeberger,  Mr.  F.  N.  Pease,  Mr.  R.  Veitch,  and  Mr. 
A.  H.  Young  are  also  mentioned  as  collectors.  The  Berzelius 
List  has  of  course  served  as  a  basis  for  subsequent  work  on 
Connecticut  Bryophytes,  but  no  publication  on  the  entire 
group,  dealing  with  either  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  state, 
has  since  appeared. 

During  the  last  thirty  years,  however,  the  Mosses  and 
Hepatics  have  by  no  means  been  neglected,  and  many  ad- 
ditional species  have  been  detected  within  the  state.  Several  of 
these  were  found  by  Professor  Eaton  himself,  who  continued 
his  active  interest  in  bryology  throughout  his  life.  Others 
were  collected  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Allen,  including  a  number  of  rare 
and  minute  species  which  have  not  been  rediscovered  by  later 
observers.  Still  others  were  found  by  more  recent  students 
of  Professor  Eaton,  Mr,  E,  B.  Harger,  Professor  W.  A. 
Setchell,  and  Dr.  C.  B.  Graves  being  among  the  number. 
During  the  last  decade  some  of  the  most  interesting  additions 
have  been  made  by  Mrs.  Josephine  D.  Lowe  and  Miss  Annie 
Lorenz,  and  the  authors  of  the  present  catalogue  have  also 
had  a  share  in  swelling  the  list  of  Connecticut  Bryophytes. 

In  spite  of  this  active  collecting  very  little  has  been  pub- 
lished on  the  true  Mosses  (Bryales)  of  Connecticut  since  the 
Berzelius  List.  A  search  through  the  scattered  literature  has 
brought  to  light  less  than  a  dozen  species  which  are  actually 
additions.  Among  the  more  important  of  these  are  the  follow- 
ing :  —  TJmidium  Alleni  Aust,,  described  from  sterile  speci- 
mens collected  by  Mr,  J.  A.  Allen  in  Beaver  Meadows,  near 
New  Haven;  the  rare  Claopodium  pellucinerve  (Mitt.)  Best, 
collected  by  Mrs.  Lowe  at  Noroton  in  the  town  of  Darien,  and 
reported  upon  by  Miss  Harriet  Wheeler;  and  Anacamptodon 
splachnoides  Brid,,  first  recorded  by  Mrs.  Lowe  from  Burn- 
side,  in  the  town  of  East  Hartford.  As  the  present  report 
shows,  the  number  of  known  species  is  now  245.  This  does 
not  include  the  two  species  of  Andresea  discovered  by  Mr.  J. 
A.  Allen,  which  of  course  belong  to  a  different  natural  order 
(Andreseales).      For    the    "  Musci    Americse    Septentrionalis 


28  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Exsiccati,"  issued  by  Renauld  and  Cardot  during  the  last 
fifteen  years,  Professor  Eaton  supplied  a  number  of  species 
from  Connecticut,  and  these  will  be  especially  indicated  in 
the  list  which  follows. 

The  Peat  Mosses  (Sphagnales)  and  the  Hepaticae  have 
received  rather  more  attention  than  the  True  Mosses,  and  the 
majority  of  the  additions  which  have  been  made  in  these  two 
groups  have  already  been  recorded.  In  the  Berzelius  List  only 
three  species  of  Sphagnum  are  included.  About  1890,  how- 
ever, Professor  Eaton  and  the  senior  writer  began  to  collect 
these  interesting  plants  systematically,  and  to  submit  specimens 
to  Dr.  C.  Warnstorf,  then  of  Neuruppin,  Germany,  for  deter- 
mination. In  this  way  the  number  of  known  species  was 
markedly  increased.  In  1892  Warnstorf  described  as  new, 
under  the  name  5".  dasyphylliim,  a  species  from  East  Haven, 
which  is  still  known  from  this  locality  only.  In  1893  Professor 
Eaton  published  his  "  Check-List  of  North  American 
Sphagna,"  indicating  the  geographical  distribution  of  each 
species,  so  far  as  known  at  that  time.  Although  Connecticut 
is  included  in  several  of  the  wider  ranges,  only  five  species  are 
definitely  recorded  from  the  state,  all  of  these  being  additions 
to  the  Berzelius  Catalogue.  The  check-list  was  prepared  for 
the  convenience  and  guidance  of  Professor  Eaton  and  Mr. 
Edwin  Faxon,  of  Maiden,  Massachusetts,  who  were  collecting 
sets  of  North  American  species  for  distribution.  These  sets 
were  issued  in  1896  by  Dr.  George  F.  Eaton,  under  the  title 
"  Sphagna  Boreali-Americana  Exsiccata,"  and  constitute  the 
only  published  exsiccatas  devoted  exclusively  to  North 
American  P'eat  Mosses.  They  include  twenty-nine  numbers 
from  Connecticut,  representing  fourteen  species.  Three 
species  from  the  state  had  already  been  distributed  by  Warn- 
storf, in  the  fourth  series  of  his  "  Europaeische  Torfmoose." 
In  1906  Andrews  listed  nineteen  species  of  Sphagnum  from 
Connecticut,  and  twelve  additional  species  have  been  recently 
determined  by  Warnstorf  from  Connecticut  specimens,  so  that 
thirty-one  species  in  all  are  now  known. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  Berzelius  List  the  number  of 
known  species  of  Hepaticae  within  the  state  has  been  almost 
doubled.      The    seven    following    species,    occurring    in    Con- 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  2g 

necticut,  have  been  described  as  new :  Calypogeia  tenuis 
(Aust.)  Evans,  DiplophyUeia  apiciilata  Evans,  Frullania  Brit- 
tonicc  Evans,  Jiingennaiuiia  Novcr-Cccsarece  Evans,  Lepidozia 
sphagnicola  Evans,  L.  sylvatica  Evans,  and  Plagiochila  Sul- 
livantii  Gottsche.  Unfortunately  two  of  these  have  since  been 
reduced  to  synonymy,  Jungermannia  Novcc-Casarece  being  now 
considered  a  form  of  Lophosia  marchica  (Nees)  Steph.,  and 
Lepidosia  sphagnicola  being  included  under  L.  setacea  (Web.) 
Mitt.  Many  other  additions  to  the  hepatic  flora  of  the  state 
have  been  recorded  in  a  series  of  "  Notes  on  New  England 
Hepaticse,"  and  in  a  "  Preliminary  List,"  both  published  by 
the  senior  writer  in  Rhodora.  It  should  be  noted,  however, 
that  the  earliest  references  to  Riccia  arvensis  Aust.  and  Mylia 
anomala  (Hook.)  S.  F.  Gray  are  to  be  found  in  the  writings 
of  Professor  L.  M.  Underwood,  and  that  Dr.  M.  A.  Howe  was 
the  first  to  report  Porella  rivularis  (Nees)  Trevis.  and 
Anthoceros  punctatiis  L.  Fifteen  species  of  Connecticut 
Hepaticse  and  Anthocerotes  have  been  distributed  in  Under- 
wood and  Cook's  "  Hepaticse  Americanse,"  all  of  which  are 
indicated  below.  Several  other  species  are  included  in  the  first 
two  decades  of  the  "  American  Hepaticas,"  recently  issued 
by  Miss  Caroline  C.  Haynes. 

The  bryophytic  flora  of  Connecticut  is  perhaps  as  well 
known  as  that  of  any  equal  area  in  North  America,  but  the 
region  has  not  yet  been  so  intensively  studied  as  certain  parts 
of  Europe.  This  is  due  partly  to  the  fact  that  here,  as  in  other 
groups,  common  species  have  been  largely  neglected  by  col- 
lectors, and  are  therefore  less  fully  represented  in  our  herbaria 
than  some  of  the  rarer  and  more  local  species.  The  attempt 
has  been  made  of  late  to  collect  even  the  commonest  species 
more  systematically,  but  much  still  remains  to  be  done,  and 
many  parts  of  the  state  still  remain  to  be  explored  before  our 
knowledge  can  be  considered  at  all  complete.  This  is  especially 
true  of  the  towns  in  the  eastern  and  northeastern  counties. 


30  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND   NAT,    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  BRYOPHYTES  IN  CON- 
NECTICUT ACCORDING  TO  ENVIRONMENT 

Even  to  the  casual  observer  it  is  evident  that  the  character 
of  the  vegetation  which  clothes  the  surface  of  the  earth  varies 
greatly  under  different  conditions.  There  is  a  marked  con- 
trast, for  example,  between  the  impenetrable  tangle  of  a 
tropical  jungle  w'ith  its  wide  diversity  of  species,  and  the 
northern  spruce  forests  which  are  relatively  open  and  are  made 
up  of  comparatively  few  species.  The  vegetation  at  the  sum- 
mit of  Mount  Washington  is  scant  and  limited  to  shrubby 
and  herbaceous  plants,  while  the  valleys  but  a  few  thousand 
feet  below  are  heavily  wooded.  Ordinary  land  plants  differ 
strikingly  in  appearance  from  seaweeds  and  other  submerged 
aquatics. 

These  are  perhaps  extreme  illustrations,  but  innumerable 
examples  of  i  this  adaptation  to  environments  which  are  less 
diverse  may  be  seen  everywhere.  The  vegetation  in  an  open 
field  presents  a  decided  contrast  to  that  of  a  pine  grove  but 
a  few  hundred  yards  distant,  while  the  flora  in  a  bog  is  totally 
different  from  that  in  a  meadow. 

It  may  be  stated  as  a  general  rule  that  every  plant  is  best 
adapted  to  a  peculiar  environment,  and  that  for  every  species 
there  are  certain  more  or  less  well  defined  limits  outside  of 
which  it  cannot  exist.  What  is  true  of  the  higher  plants  applies 
even  more  forcibly  to  the  Mosses  and  Hepatics,  for,  as  Les- 
quereux  remarks,  "  these  humble  and  apparently  useless  beings 
have  their  geological  and  lithological  preferences  far  better 
marked  than  any  other  kind  of  vegetable."* 

The  factors  which  produce  this  environment  and  determine 
these  limits  are  numerous,  but  the  following  are  the  most 
important : 


I. 

Latitude. 

II. 

Altitude. 

III. 

Character  of  the  substratum. 

IV. 

Intensity  of  the  light. 

V. 

Water  supply. 

•Quoted  by  Mohr:  Plant  Life  of  Alabama.    Contr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.,  6:  292.  1901. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  3I 

In  treating  an  area  such  as  the  continent  of  North  America, 
where  all  gradations  from  an  arctic  to  a  tropical  climate  are 
encountered,  the  first  of  these  factors  bears  an  important 
relationship  to  the  character  of  the  vegetation.  Many  Bryo- 
phytes  are  exclusively  northern  in  their  range,  while  others 
are  restricted  to  tropical  regions.  A  comparatively  small 
number  are  found  from  the  arctic  regions  to  the  equator.  In 
considering  the  Mosses  and  Hepatics  of  Connecticut,  however, 
latitude  is  of  relatively  little  importance. 

In  the  same  way  the  second  factor  may  be  disregarded, 
since  nowhere  in  the  state  are  the  differences  in  altitude  suf- 
ficient to  produce  any  appreciable  climatic  effect. 

To  a  certain  extent  the  nature  of  the  substratum  determines 
the  character  of  the  bryophytic  flora,  and  various  societies 
might  be  defined  from  this  point  of  view,  as,  for  example,  the 
following :  —  species  growing  on  rocks ;  species  growing  on 
soil ;  species  growing  on  living  trees ;  species  growing  on  dead 
trees,  rotten  wood,  etc.  Yet  the  boundaries  between  such 
societies  are  often  vague,  since  many  species  flourish  equally 
well  on  a  variety  of  substrata. 

Except  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Connecticut,  it  is  prob- 
able that  the  actual  chemical  composition  of  the  rocks  and  soil 
has  very  little  direct  effect  upon  the  character  of  the  vegeta- 
tion. Indirectly,  however,  the  structure  of  the  underlying 
rocks  is  an  important  factor,  as  may  be  seen  by  considering 
the  geography  of  the  state. 

"  The  state  of  Connecticut  is  naturally  divided  into  three 
areas,  the  Eastern  Highland,  the  Western  Highland,  and  the 
Central  Lowland.  The  Central  Lowland  may  be  further 
divided  into  a  central  range  of  hills  and  an  eastern  and  a 
western  valley."*  The  sedimentaries  in  the  valleys  with  the 
overlying  drift  tend  to  produce  a  more  or  less  level  surface, 
which  is  interrupted  only  by  a  few  ravines  and  by  occasional 
bogs.  For  the  most  part  this  area  is  under  cultivation,  but, 
although  favorable  for  agriculture,  it  does  not  present  condi- 
tions conducive  to  an  extensive  bryophytic  flora.  In  marked 
contrast  to  this  uniform  area  are  the  trap  ridges  which  rise 


•Rice  and  Gregory:    Manual  of  the  Geology  of  Connecticut.    Conn.  Geol.  & 
Nat.  Hist.  Surv.,  Bull.  6,  p.  17.     1906. 


32  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

abruptly  to  a  height  of  several  hundred  feet  above  the  sur- 
rounding plain.  Geologically,  these  ridges  are  a  part  of  the 
Central  Lowland.  From  an  ecological  standpoint,  however, 
they  conform  with  the  Highlands.  The  Eastern  and  Western 
Highlands  are  made  up  for  the  most  part  of  a  complex  series 
of  crystalline  rocks  —  gneisses,  schists,  and  granites.  The 
forces  of  erosion,  acting  on  these,  have  produced  an  uneven 
and  rugged  topography.  Like  the  trap  ridges,  this  region  is 
well  wooded,  and,  while  on  the  whole  unsuitable  for  agriculture, 
it  exhibits  a  diversity  of  conditions,  and  is  characterized  by  a 
rich  bryophytic  flora. 

From  a  bryological  standpoint,  the  most  interesting  isolated 
formation  in  the  state  is  the  Stockbridge  limestone,  which 
covers  the  greater  part  of  the  towns  of  Salisbury  and  Canaan, 
extending  southward  through  the  Housatonic  Valley  more  or 
less  continuously  to  Ridgefield.  A  few  species  grow  in  this 
region  which  have  been  collected  nowhere  else  in  the  state, 
viz.: 

Lophosia  Muelleri  Amhlystegiella  confervoides 

Barbula  fallax  Amblystegium  noterophilum 

Thuidium  abietinum  Cratoneuron  filicinum 

Other  species  occur  here  which,  although  characteristic  of 
limestone  regions,  are  found  in  other  localities  growing  on 
serpentine  or  other  rocks,  e.  g. : 

Preissia  quadrat  a  Scolania  glaucescens 

Frullania  riparia  Hymenostylium  curvirostre 

Fissidens  cristatus  Myurella  gracilis 

Chrysohypnum  stellatum 

The  distribution  of  the  Bryophytes  is  somewhat  restricted 
and  frequently  the  habit  of  the  individual  plant  greatly  modified 
by  differences  of  Hght  and  shade.  In  a  general  way  two 
rather  broadly  defined  classes  may  be  recognized  :  light-loving, 
and  shade-loving  Bryophytes.  In  the  first  of  these  classes 
may  be  placed  such  species  as  — 

Riccia  arvensis  Tortula  papulosa 

Frullania  eboracensis      Bryum  argenteum 
Anthoceros  levis  Thelia  Lescurii 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHVTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  33 

In  the  latter  and  by  far  the  larger  group  should  be  placed 
such  species  as  — 

Metzgeria  conjitgata  Lencohryuui  glancnm 

Plagiochila  asplenioides         Stereodon  curvifolius 
Bazsania  trilobata  Thamnium  alleghaniense 

Yet,  however  much  the  preceding  factors  affect  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  Mosses  and  Hepatics,  the  problem  is  eventually 
reduced  to  another  factor,  viz.,  the  amount,  nature  and  cout 
tinuity  of  the  water  supply.  Many  species  grow  only  on  dry, 
exposed  rocks,  while  to  others  the  presence  of  free  surface- 
water  is  essential.  Some  of  the  latter  grow  only  in  standing 
or  slowly  moving  water,  others  are  always  found  in  rapidly 
flowing  streams.  But  the  majority  of  the  Bryophytes  thrive 
in  an  environment  where  they  are  not  subjected  to  prolonged 
periods  of  drought  or  inundation. 

Taking  the  requirements  with  regard  to  water  as  a  basis, 
Warming*  recognizes  four  groups  of  plants : 

I.  Xerophytes  :  plants  which  grow  on  rocks,  or  on  soil 
which  contains,  at  least  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year,  a 
very  small  amount  of  water. 

II.  Mesophytes:  plants  adapted  to  soil  containing  a 
moderate  amount  of  water. 

III.  Hydrophytes  :  plants  which  are  completely  or  partly 
submerged,  or  which  grow  in  very  wet  soil. 

IV.  Halophytes:  plants  which  are  adapted  to  a  saline 
soil. 

Considerable  attention  has  been  given  to  the  ecological 
relationships  of  the  higher  plants,  and  several  authors  have 
attempted  to  classify  the  Bryophytes  with  respect  to  their 
habitats.  Warnstorff,  however,  was  the  first  to  adapt 
Warming's  classification  to  the  group. 

Among  the  Bryophytes  there  are  no  true  halophytes.  Fol- 
lowing Warming's   classification   the   other   three   groups   are 


*  Warming:  Lehrbuch  der  okologischen  PflaEzengeographie.    Second  German 
edition,  1902,  pp.  121,  122. 

t  Warnstorf:  Kryptogamenflora  der  Mark  Brandenburg,  i:  20-23,  1903. 


34  CONNECTICUT    GEX)L.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.        [Bull. 

well  defined,  and  of  these  groups  the  species  given  below  may 
be  considered  typical  members  : — 

XEROI'HYTES. 

I.  Plants  growing  on  exposed  rocks  with  little  or  no  earth 
covering  —  trap  ledges,  stone  walls,  bowlders,  etc. 

Frullania  Asagrayana  Grimmia  Olneyi 

Andrecea  Rothii  Ulota  Hutchinsice 

Hedwigia  albicans 

2  Plants  growing  on  living  trees  in  the  open  or  in  the 
woods. 

Frullania  eboracensis  Drummondia  clavellata 

Orthotrichum  ohioense  Leucodon  julaceus 

Thelia  hirtclla 

3.     Plants  growing  on  earth,  or  on  rocks  with  a  thin  earth 
covering  in  fields  and  along  roadsides  or  in  dry  woods. 
Nardia  crennlata  Pogonatum  tenue 

Diplophylleia  apicnlata  Thelia  Lcscurii 

Physcomitrium  turbinatum    Rhynchoste gium  serrulatum 

Mesophytes  —  for  the  most  part  shade-loving  plants,  but 
frequently  found  in  the  open  on  the  borders  of  brooks, 
in  meadows,  etc. 

1.  Plants  growing  on  the  surface  or  in  the  crevices  of 
cliffs  and  steep  rocks. 

Rcboulia  hemisphcerica  Rhabdozveisia  denticidata 

Leucolcjcunca  clypcata  Didymodon  rubellus 

Hymcnostylium  cun'irostre 

2.  Plants  growing  on  soil  or  humus,  on  flat  earth-covered 
rocks,  on  the  roots  and  at  the  base  of  trees,"or  on  decaying 
logs  and  stumps  in  wet  woods, 

Lophocolea  heterophylla         Poly  trie  hum  ohioense 
Ptilidium  pulchcrrimum         Ptilinm  Crista-Castrensis 
Timmia  cucullata  Climacimn  americanwn 


no.  ii.]         the  bryophytes  of  connecticut.  35 

Hydrophytes. 

1.  Plants  growing  in  more  or  less  wooded  swamps. 

a.  On  the  ground. 

Trichocolca  tomcntella  Brachythecium  Nova-Anglice 
Elodium  pahidosiim        Calliergon  cordifolium 

b.  On  sticks  and  bushes. 

Dichelyma  capillaceum 

2.  Plants  growing  on  wet  or  dripping  rocks  in  streams 
and  ravines. 

Riccardia  sinuata  Eurynchium  rusciforme 

Juhiila  pennsylvanica  Amblystegmm  Lescurii 

Thamnium  alleghaniense 

3.  Plants  growing  in  open  bogs,  especially  peat  bogs,  and 
usually  forming  compact  masses  of  vegetation. 

Lepidosia  setacca  Sphagnum  (most  species) 

Scapania  irrigua  Acrocladium  cuspidatum 

Drepanocladus  aduncus 

4.  Plants  submerged  or  floating  in  the  water. 
'Ricciella  Huitans  Sphagnum  obcsum 

Ricciocarpus  nutans  Octodiceras  Julianum 

Porella  pinnata  Fontinalis  Lescurii 

ECONOMIC    VALUE    OF    THE    BRYOPHYTES 

Although  the  majority  of  the  Bryophytes  are  of  small  size 
when  compared  with  the  seed-bearing  plants,  they  often  form 
dense  and  extensive  colonies  and  thus  constitute  a  conspicuous 
feature  of  the  landscape.  This  is  especially  true  in  mountain- 
ous and  northern  regions,  where  woody  plants  are  stunted  in 
growth  and  occur  more  sparingly  than  under  more  favorable 
climatic  conditions.  Even  in  Connecticut,  however,  where  the 
higher  plants  exhibit  a  vigorous  development,  the  Sphagnales 
and  certain  of  the  other  Bryophytes  are  often  abundant  enough 
to  attract  the  attention  of  the  ordinary  observer. 

On  account  of  the  tufted  habit  of  so  many  species  and  the 
power  which  they  possess  of  absorbing  and  retaining  water, 


36  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

they  exercise  a  marked  influence  on  both  agriculture  and 
forestry.  Their  importance  from  this  point  of  view,  which  is 
only  beginning  to  be  appreciated,  has  been  clearly  demonstrated 
by  Georg  Roth.*  According  to  this  author,  the  mosses  tend 
to  diminish  floods  and  to  reduce  the  gullying  of  the  soil,  at 
the  same  time  preserving  its  porosity.  They  are  also  of  value 
in  adding  to  the  richness  of  the  soil  through  their  decay  and 
in  assisting  in  the  disintegration  of  rocks.  The  Sphagnales, 
through  their  peculiar  place  and  habit  of  growth,  are  active 
in  converting  lakes  and  ponds  into  bogs,  which  afford  a  foot- 
hold for  higher  plants  and  eventually  yield  a  serviceable  soil. 
From  a  commercial  standpoint  the  Sphagnales  are  by  far 
the  most  important  of  the  Bryophytes.  In  countries  where 
they  are  abundant  they  yield  the  best  quality  of  peat.  This 
is  produced  by  the  death  of  the  older  portions  of  the  Peat 
Mosses,  the  living  stems  continuing  their  upward  growth 
indefinitely.  As  the  dead  layer  becomes  thicker,  it  becomes 
more  and. more  compressed,  and  finally  forms  a  firm  and  com- 
pact mass  at  the  bottom  of  the  bog.  This  mass  is  cut  into 
bricks,  which  are  dried  and  constitute  the  peat  of  commerce. 
Of  course  the  chief  use  of  peat  as  a  fuel  is  for  domestic 
purposes.  In  certain  localities,  however,  it  is  charred  and  then 
used  in  steel  and  copper  mills,  where  its  purity  from  foreign 
substances  and  its  power  to  produce  an  intense  heat  make  it 
especially  effective. 

•  The  Peat  Mosses  are  also  useful  as  a  packing  substance. 
In  a  dry  form  they  are  sometimes  employed  as  a  filling  for 
pillows  and  mattresses,  especially  those  used  by  invalids.  They 
may  also  be  wrapped  around  steam  pipes  or  pacl^ed  in  the 
walls  of  houses,  where  they  act  as  a  non-conducting  sub- 
stance. In  a  moist  form  they  are  being  more  and  more  used 
by  gardeners  and  florists  as  a  packing  material  for  vegetables 
and  other  cultivated  plants.  Owing  to  their  great  power  of 
absorption.  Peat  Mosses  are  sometimes  substituted  for  straw 
in  stables,  and  they  have  also  been  employed  to  a  limited  extent 
in  surgical  dressings.  The  same  peculiarity  makes  it  possible 
to  use  them  for  lamp-wicks  in  the  far  north. 


♦Die  europiiischen  Laubmoose.    1:62-77.     Leipzig,  1905. 


No.    II.J  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  2)7 

A  few  of  the  Bryales  constitute  a  secondary  source  of  peat, 
and  others  are  used  as  a  packing  material  but  to  much  less 
extent  than  the  Peat  Mosses.  Some  of  the  large  species, 
when  dried  without  pressure  and  dyed,  form  a  component  part 
of  decorative  wreaths  and  cords,  which  are  made  use  of  more 
especially  by  milliners.  The  "stiff  and  wiry  stems  of  Poly- 
triclmm  commune  have  also  been  employed  instead  of  bristles 
in  the  manufacture  of  brushes.  Among  the  Marchantiales  the 
only  species  which  have  ever  been  used  for  practical  purposes 
are  Marchantia  polymorpha  and  Conocephalum  conicum.  These 
were  formerly  prescribed  in  affections  of  the  liver,  but  it  is 
doubtful  if  they  possess  any  true  therapeutic  properties.  Except 
for  the  fact  that  a  few  of  the  Jungermanniales  have  been 
used  in  the  tropics  as  a  packing  material  for  living  plants, 
the  remaining  orders  of  the  Bryophytes  have  been  put  to  no 
practical  uses  whatever. 

CATALOGUE  OF  CONNECTICUT  BRYOPHYTES 

The  following  catalogue  records  the  distribution  of  the 
Bryophytes  of  Connecticut,  so  far  as  known  to  the  writers. 
Under  each  species  the  characteristic  environment  and  often  the 
time  of  fruiting  are  given,  together  with  the  known  localities 
for  the  state.  These  are  arranged  alphabetically  by  towns 
under  the  counties,  the  latter  being  given  in  the  following 
order:  Litchfield,  Hartford,  Tolland,  Windham,  Fairfield, 
New  Haven,  Middlesex,  New  London.  The  names  of  the 
collectors'  are  also  noted,  but  the  only  date  mentioned  is  that 
of  the  earliest  known  collection.  In  case  two  or  more  persons 
have  found,  the  same  species  in  the  same  township,  the  one 
who  collected  it  first  is  the  only  one  alluded  to.  The  local 
distribution  is  followed  by  brief  notes  regarding  the  known 
distribution  in  North  America  and  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 
For  the  sake  of  completeness  attention  is  also  called  to  Con- 
necticut specimens  which  have  been  distributed  in  exsiccatae 
and  to  references  in  the  scattered  literature  of  bryology  which 
relate  directly  to  Connecticut  plants.  The  numbers  following 
the  authors'  names  in  these  references  correspond  with  the 
list  and  page  numbers  in  the  bibliography. 


'38  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST,    SURVEY.         [Bllll. 

The  genera,  where  represented  by  more  than  a  single 
species,  are  suppHed  with  artificial  keys  to  the  species,  and  the 
orders  or  families  are  supplied  with  similar  keys  to  the  genera. 
The  arrangement  followed  is  in  most  respects  like  that  given 
in  Engler  &  Prantl's  "  Die  naturlichen  Pflanzenfamilien." 
Since,  however,  the  treatment  of  the  Bryales  in  this  work  is 
still  incomplete,  the  hypnoid  Mosses  are  largely  arranged  ac- 
cording to  Warnstorf  in  the  second  volume  of  the  "  Kryptoga- 
menflora  der  Mark  Brandenburg."  Warnstorf  is  also  followed 
in  the  position  of  the  Polytrichacese  and  allied  families.  These 
apparently  represent  the  most  highly  developed  members  of 
the  Bryophytes,  and  it  is  therefore  most  logical  to  place  them 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  series. 

[Subclass  Hepaticae] 
ORDER  MARCHANTIALES 

FAMILY   RICCIACE^ 

1.  Terrestrial;    green    cells    in    rows    at    right    angles    to    the 

upper  surface  of  the  thallus,  enclosing  air  spaces  in  the 
form  of  narrow  canals;  epidermis   without  pores.  ..  .Riccia 
Terrestrial  or  aquatic;  green  cells  in  layers  one  cell  thick, 
separating  the  irregular  air  spaces  from  one  another.  .       2 

2.  Epidermis  without  pores,  sometimes  becoming  irregularly 

ruptured   with    age Ricciella 

Epidermis  with  distinct  pores,  not  becoming  ruptured  with 
age    Ricciocarpus 

U-|aaAx.<». iiRiccia   (Mich.)   L. 
Riccia  [arvensis  Austl   ^r«. '75"- 7  :r*w  ('-**--'*-*»•  ^t-) 

Cultivated  fields  and  margins  of  ponds.  Autumn.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Harger.  New  Haven:  Orange  (1892), 
Evans.     Middlesex:  Middlefield,  Evans. 

Ontario  to  Maryland. 

Exsic.    Miss  Haynes,  Amer.  Hep.  No.  2. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  170.     Underwood,  74,  278:  76,  4. 

Ricciella  A.  Br.  (^  *^^.  ^  d.'\'^.j 

I.     Capsules  rupturing  on   the   upper   surface   of  tlie   thallus; 
epidermis  soon  breaking  down  and  leaving  the  sponge- 
like  green   tissue   exposed.  .^Wr^^ J ^.^^. .  .R.   crystallina 
Capsules    rupturing    on    the    lower  "surface  ^'oT  the    thallus       2 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  39 

2.     Aquatic,    or    rooting    on    wet    mud;    epiderr.is    persistent 

4^<^>*,  7  5--  «?c^(  V^c^X.  V-  »•  'S)  R.  fluitans 

Terrestrial;  epidermis  eventually  breaking  down    R.  SuUivantii 

Ricciella  crystallina   (L.)   Warnst.     Riccia  crystallina  L. 

On  mud,  often  growing  on  margins  of  ponds.  Autumn. 
New  Haven:  Oxford  (1898),  Harger. 

Connecticut  west  to  Oregon  and  south  to  the  West  Indies 
and  Cahfornia  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.    Evans,  26,  207;  28,  170. 

Ricciella  fluitans  (L.)  A.  Br.    Riccia  fluitans  L. 

Floating  in  ponds  or  slow  streams  or  rooting  in  mud. 
Autumn.  Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underwood.  Hartford: 
Berlin,  Coleman;  Southington,  Andrews.  Windham  :  Plain- 
field,  Sheldon.  Fairfield:  Bethel,  Underwood;  Danbury, 
Nichols.  New-  Haven  :  Branford,  Evans;  Hamden,  O.  D. 
Allen;  New  Haven  (1868),  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans; 
Southbury,  Harger. 

New  England  and  Ontario,  west  to  British  Columbia  and 
south  into  tropical  America ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa ;  New 
Zealand. 

Exsic.  Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer,  No.  11  (as 
Riccia  fluitans). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68.     Evans,  28,  170.  " 

Ricciella    SuUivantii    (Aust.)    Evans.     Riccia   SuUivantii  . 

AuSt.  \_>»$  .  VK'L«Jtj-v«iJ-XA.ci»AX<K    U.c<xi.«4j.  Q>.^-   ^^\^1G  ^\^.o^^  |mJw^4c«-V^.  j 

Cultivated  fields  and  margins  of  ponds.  Autumn.  Hart- 
ford: East  Hartford,  Weatherby;  Hartford,  Harger.  Fair- 
field :  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Evans; 
MilfOrd,  Miss  Lorens;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Orange 
(1876),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex:  Middlefield, 
Evans.       j^-U.  d-  ^^-  U  1  \  Z'\o'\.  kc«^»*^,  Vf-h 

New  England  to  Virginia  and  west  to  Ohio.  ^'^^'^  '^a!!^^^ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68.     Evans,  28,  170;  33,  56.  ' 

Ricciccarpus  Corda 
Ricciocarpus  natans  (L.)  Corda.    Riccia  natans  L. 
Floating  in  ponds  or  growing  on  mud.     May  and  June. 


40  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Mrs.  Phelps.  Hartford:  New 
Britain,  Shepard.  Fairfield  :  Fairfield  and  Stratford,  Eames. 
New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Milford,  Eames;  New 
Haven  (1875),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex:  Clinton, 
Miss  Marion  Clark.      |^^.  4<^  ■  "^^2.  <^'^^- 

New  England  west  to  British  Columbia  and  south  to 
Mexico;  Brazil;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Australia. 

Ref.    Eaton  15,  68.    Evans,  28,  170. 

FAMILY   MARCHANTIACE^ 
I     Air  chambers  in  several  layers,  separated  from  one  another 

by   plates   of   green    cells 2 

Air  chambers  in  a  single  layer,  the  green  cells  arranged  in 
simple  or  branched  rows  arising  from  the  floors  of  the 
chambers     4 

2.  Sporophytes  destitute  of  distinct  pseudoperianths 3 

Sporophytes  each  surrounded  by  a  distinct  pseudoperianth, 

consisting    of    a    thin    membrane    divided    longitudinally  ^-^ 

into    eight    segments Asterella         "' '* 

3.  Ventral     scales     of    thallus     purple,     scarcely     projecting 

beyond    the   margin;    capsule    only    partially    filling    the 

involucral    cavity Reboulia        ^Jj 

Ventral  scales  of  thallus  soon  becoming  bleached,  extend- 
ing far  beyond  the  margin,  and  usually  forming  a  dense 
tuft  at  the  apex;  capsule  completely  filling  the  involucral 
cavity     Grimaldia 

4.  Pores  in  epidermis  of  thallus  simple,  each  surrounded  by 

a   single   layer   of  cells ; 5 

Pores  in  epidermis  compound  or  barrel-shaped,  each  sur- 
rounded  by  cells   arranged   in   several   tiers 6 

5.  Outlines  of  air  chambers  distinct  to  the  naked  eye;  gemmae 

none;  plant  native   Conocephalum 

Outlines  of  air  chambers  indistinct  to  the  naked  eye; 
gemmae  abundant,  produced  in  crescentic  receptacles; 
plant    introduced    into    greenhouses Lunularia 

6.  Gemmre  none;  carpocephala  with  indistinct  flat  rays     Preissia 
Gemmae    usually    abundant,    produced    in    cup-shaped    re- 
ceptacles; carpocephala  with  distinct  terete  rays  Marchantia  Jj 

Reboulia  Raddi 

Reboulia  hemisphaerica  (L.)  Raddi.  Asterella  hemisphce- 
rica  Beauv. 

On  shaded  banks  and  in  crevices  of  rocks.     May  and  June. 


ncuT.  41 

\RTFORD :  Windsor, 
s;  Sherman,  Evans. 
den  and  New  Haven 


notes   on  Aster ella,    Grimaldia,   &   Heboulia, 
aa   seen  at   Yale  Hero.,    Jan.    19i30. 

Aster  ella    ,    perianth  dependent,    conspicuoa ::. , 
with  lobes    like  those   of  a  ^]L  orange- 
peel  buol^et. 

^rimaldia,    perianth  oonspiouous,    ohaffy, 
but  not    in  ^^t^  regular   segments. 

riebouiia,    no   perianth  visible,    thallus 
purple  beneath. 


aven,  Evans;  Orange,    i.f<:.i-i^ 

)  Alaska  and  south  to 

thern  Asia. 

Amer.  No.  121. 

■o.    Underwood,  71,  35; 

V. 

'^imbriaria  tenella  Nees.     .^  - 

rocks.  May  and  June. 
Tolland  :  Andover, 
)HAM :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
vans;  East  Haven,  /.  A. 
)xford,  Harger;  Wood- 
wn,  Evans.  _ 
md  south  to  Georgia. 
170. 


Wicrcr 

Dumort. 

cially  along  streams.  April 

Underzvood;  New  Milford 


40  CONNECTICUT   GEC 

Litchfield  :     Salisbury, 
Britain,  She  par  d.    Fairfi 
^.     New  Haven  :  East  Haver 


■into    eight    segments 

3.  Ventral     scales     of    t' 

beyond  the  margin 
involucral  cavity  . 
Ventral  scales  of  thai! 
ing  far  beyond  the  i 
tuft  at  the  apex;  cap 
cavity     

4.  Pores  in  epidermis  of 

a   single    layer   of   c 

Pores  in  epidermis  cc 

rounded   by   cells   a 

5.  Outlines  of  air  chambi 

none;  plant  native 
Outlines    of    air    char 
gemmae    abundant, 
plant    introduced    i 

6.  Gemma;  none;  carpoc 
Gemma;    usually'  abu 

ceptacles;  carpocep 

E 

Reboulia  hemisphaei 

I  ica  Beauv. 

On  shaded  banks  an( 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  4I 

Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor, 
Evans.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Miss  Haynes;  Sherman,  Evans. 
New  Haven  :  Branford,  Livingston;  Hamden  and  New  Haven 
(1873),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 
Middlesex  :  Middletown,  Evans.  New  London  :  Montville, 
Lumsden. 

New  England  west  to  British  Columbia  and  south  to 
Mexico ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa ;  South  America ;  Australia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  68.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Grimaldia  Raddi 

Grimaldia  fragrans  (Balb.)  Corda.  Grimaldia  barbifrons 
Bisch. 

Thin  soil  on  rocks,  often  in  exposed  localities.  May  and 
June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Farming- 
ton,  Miss  Lorens;  Hartford,  H.  S.  Clark;  Simsbury,  Miss 
Lorenz.  Fairfield  :  Monroe,  Miss  Lorenz.  New  Haven  : 
New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Evans;  Orange, 
Harger;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 

Quebec  and  New  England  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to 
New  Mexico  and  Texas ;  Europe ;  northern  Asia. 

Exsic.    Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  121. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  68.  Evans,  28,  170.  Underwood,  71,  35 ; 
75,  68. 

Asterella  Beauv. 

Asterella  tenella   (L.)    Beauv.     Fimbriaria  tenella  Nees. 

Shaded  banks  and  thin  soil  on  rocks.  May  and  June. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Evans.  Tolland:  Andover, 
Weatherby;  Bolton,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Evans;  East  Haven,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Hamden  (1868),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Wood- 
bridge,  Hall.     Middlesex  :  Middletown,  Evans.  _ 

New  England  west  to  Missouri  and  south  to  Georgia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  68.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Conocephalum  Wigg.  . 

Conocephalum  conicum   (L.)    Dumort. 
On  shaded  banks  and  rocks,  especially  along  streams.  April 
and  May.     Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underzvood;  New  Milford 


42  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT,    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

and  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Southington,  Chamberlain; 
Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Plainfield, 
Sheldon;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols; 
Greenwich,  Miss  Haynes;  Huntington,  Evans;  Redding, 
Underzvood;  Sherman,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire, 
Hargcr;  Hamden  and  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  North 
Haven  and  Woodbridge,  Evans.  Middlesex  :  Chester,  Nichols. 
New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Florida  and 
Nebraska ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170.    Underwood,  75,  67. 

Preissia  Corda 

Preissia  quadrata  (Scop.)   Nees. 

On  rocks  and  banks,  more  abundant  in  limestone  districts. 
May  and  June.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury 
(1892),  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland: 
Bolton,  Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Sherman,  Evans.  New  Haven  : 
North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Mexico ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  lyo. 

Lunularia  (Mich.)  Adans. 

Lunularia  cruciata  (L.)   Dumort.     L.  vulgaris  Raddi. 

introduced  into  greenhouses,  and  reproducing  (in  the 
eastern  United  States)  solely  by  means  of  gemmae.  New 
Haven:  New  Haven  (1868),  Eaton.  Doubtless  widely 
distributed  throughout  the  state. 

New  England  west  to  California  and  south  to  the  West 
Indies;  native  in  the  Mediterranean  regions  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Africa  ;  Chile  ;  Australia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Marchantia  (March,  f.)  L. 
Marchantia  polymorpha  L. 

On  banks  and  rocks,  in  swamps,  gardens,  and  cultivated 
fields.      June-August.       Litchfield:    Goshen,     Underwood; 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPIIYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  43 

New  Milford,  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland: 
Bolton,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Sherman,  Evans.  New  Haven:  Branford,  Hall; 
East  Haven,  Harger;  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Orange, 
Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida  and  the  West  Indies ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170.    Underwood,  75,  69. 

ORDER  JUNGERMANNIALES 
FAMILY   METZGERIACE^ 

1.  Gametophyte    a    thallus    with    no    indication    of    leaves; 

capsule    splitting    longitudinally    at    maturity    into    four 

valves    2 

Gametophyte  more  or  less  clearly  differentiated  into  stem 

and   leaves    5 

2.  Thallus    composed    of    parenchyma    throughout 3 

Thallus  with  a  median  strand  of  narrow  elongated  cells  4 

3. ,   Branches    lateral:    capsule    oval Riccardia 

Branching   produced    by    forking;    capsule    spherical. ..  .Pellia 

4.  Thallus   repeatedly  forking,  bearing  cilia  on   the  margin; 

antheridia     and     archegonia     borne     on     short     ventral 

branches     Metzgeria 

♦  Thallus  simple  or  with  scattered  ventral  branches,  margin 
entire;  antheridia  and  archegonia  borne  on  dorsal 
surface     Pallavicinia 

5.  Leaves     in    the     form     of    marginal    crenulate     scallops; 

rhizoids    colorless;    capsule    splitting    longitudinally    at 

maturity  into  four  valves Blasia 

Leaves     distinct;     rhizoids     purple;     capsule    splitting    ir- 
regularly  at   maturity Fossombronia 

Riccardia  S.  F.  Gray 

1.  Thallus  mostly  4-10  mm.  broad,  sparingly  branched    R.  pinguis 
Thallus  mostly   1-2  mm.  broad,   copiously  branched 2 

2.  Thallus    pinnate   or   bipinnate 3 

Thallus   palmate   or   irregularly   branched 4 

3.  Ultimate  branches  distinctly  bordered  by  2  or  3  rows  of 

cells   R.  multifida 

Ultimate    branches    indistinctly    bordered   by    one    row   of 
cells  R.  sinuata 


44  CONNECTICUT   GEpL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

4.     Cortical    cells    averaging   0.07    X    0.04   mm;    gemmae    rare 

R.  latifrons 
Cortical   cells   averaging  0.04    X   0.025   mm;   gemmae  two- 
celled,  often  abundant R.  palmata 

Riccardia  pinguis  (L.)  S.  F.  Gray.  Aneura  sessilis  Spreng. 

In  swamps.  April- June.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,.  A.  H.  Graves. 
New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1874),  Hall;  Orange,  Eivus. 
Middlesex  :  Cromwell,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  the  West  Indies,  Mexico, 
and  Brazil ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa ;  Australia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Riccardia  multifida  (L.)  S.  F,  Gray.  Aneura  multifida 
Dumort. 

In  swamps  and  on  wet  rocks.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Evans.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Evans.  New 
Haven:  Orange  (1876)   and  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  and  Nova  Scotia,  south  to  Virginia ; 
British  Columbia  to  California;  Europe;  Asia.   \'^'4^t~*^    S' J-"^ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.     Evans,  28,  170. 

Riccardia  sinuata  (Dicks.)  Trevis.  Aneura  pinnatiiida 
Nees,   in  part. 

On  dripping  rocks.  April  and  May.  New  Haven  : 
Hamden  (1855),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  England  south  to  New  Jersey ;  also  in  British 
Columbia ;  Europe ;  Asia.  A  rare  species,  the  range  of  which 
is  very  incompletely  known. 

Exsic.  Austin,  Hep.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  115,  in  part  (as 
Aneura  pinnatifida).     Miss  Haynes,  Amer.  Hep.  No.  36. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  69.  Evans,  28,  170.  Underwood,  71,  55 ; 
72,  726. 

Riccardia  latifrons  Lindb. 

On  rotten  logs.  May-August.  Litchfield:  Salisbury, 
Evans.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  New 
Haven:  Cheshire,  Evans;  Woodbridge   (1879),  J.  A.  Allen. 


No.    II.]     ■        THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  45 

Newfoundland  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  New  England 
and  New  York  ;  Europe  ;  Asia,     f^-^  <  ^^-h^-^-^ .   ^^  fr  , 
Ref.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Riccardia  palmata  (Hedw.)  Carruth. 

On  rotten  logs.  May  and  June.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire 
(1887),  Setchell. 

Nova  Scotia  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  New  England, 
New  York,  and  California ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  170. 

^  Metzgeria  Raddi  V"^-'^  H^l^,.--, 'Z 

Metzgeria  conjugata  Lindb.    M.  fur  cat  a  of  some  authb'rs.     r  1  m  / . 

On  shaded  rocks  and  trunks  of  trees.  May  and  June. 
Litchfield  :  New  Milford,  Evans.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley;  Killingly,  Rounds.  Fairfield:  Danbury, 
Eaton;  Redding,  Miss  Haynes.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Evans;  New  Haven 
(1856)  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Seymour,  Evans.  Middlesex: 
Killingworth,  Evans.    New  London  :    Norwich,  Setchell. 

New  England  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Argentina  and 
Chile ;  Europe ;  Asia  ;  Africa.  WU.^^*  "^  *^[\x  .  txe^i  . 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170.  '^Wo<l.  ii'.  Wb  .     ^\ 

'^^uZ\Tii^tr  Pallavicinia  S.  F.  Gray 

Pallavicinia  Lyellii  (Hook.)  S.  F.  Gray.  Steetzia  Lyellii 
Lehm. 

In  swamps  and  bogs,  sometimes  aquatic.  April-June. 
Litchfield:  Norfolk,  Miss  Lorenz.  Hartford:  East  Hart- 
ford, Miss  Lorenz;  Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland  :  Stafford  and 
Vernon,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
New  Haven  :  Bethany  and  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen;  Madison  and  Middlebury,  Evans;  New  Haven 
(1877),  ^-  ^-  Allen;  North  Haven,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger. 
Middlesex  :  Chester,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton,  Pres- 
ton, and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  west  to  Ontario  and  south  into  tropical 
America ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa ;  New  Zealand,  l^e*  ^<^  S"  i  ^ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170. 


46  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Pellia   Raddi 

Pellia  epiphylla  (L.)  Corda. 

On  shaded  banks  and  damp  rocks.  April  and  May.  Litch- 
field: Goshen,  Underwood;  Salisbury,  Mrs.  Phelps.  Hart- 
ford: Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield:  Huntington,  Evans;  Redding,  Miss 
Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Bethany,  Evans;  Hamden,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  Evans;  Orange  (1873), 
Hall;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.    Middlesex  :    Chester,  Nichols. 

Labrador  to  Alaska  and  south  to  New  England,  New  York, 
and  Indiana ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Miss  Haynes,  Amer.  Hep.  No.  35. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Blasia  L. 
Blasia  pusilla  L. 

On  damp  banks  and  rocks.  April  and  May.  Litchfield: 
Cornwall,  Underwood;  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Can- 
terbury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Huntington,  Evans.  New 
Haven:    Derby,  /.  A.  Allen;  Hamden  (1875),  Hall. 

Nova  Scotia  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Virginia,  New 
Mexico,  and  California;  Europe;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  5.  j^^  ^^*— (..  ^f  */ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  170. 

Fossombronia  Raddi 

1.  Annual;  capsules  mature  in  autumn 2 

Perennial;  capsules  mature  in  May  and  June F.  salina 

2.  Spores   with    subparallel    and    rarely    anastomosing   ridges 

F.  Woridraczekii 
Spores    with    anastomosing    ridges     forming     a     network 

F.  foveolata 

Fossombronia  salina  Lindb. 

On  earth  in  wet  pastures  and  swamps.  May  and  June. 
New  Haven:  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1879)  and 
Orange,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Connecticut  south  to  Florida  and  the  West  Indies  and  west 
to  Tennessee  and  Arkansas. 

Ref.     Evans,  24,  10;  28,  170. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  47 

Fossombronia  Wondraczekii  (Corda)  Dumort. 

In  damp  fields  and  along  roadsides.  Sept.-Nov.  New 
Haven:  Oxford  (1894),  Harger.  Middlesex:  Portland, 
Johnson. 

New  England  west  to  Indiana  and  south  to  Maryland ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  24,  10;  28,  170. 

Fossombronia  foveolata  Lindb. 

In  damp  fields  and  along  roadsides.  Sept.-Nov.  New 
Haven  :  Branford,  Cheshire,  and  Hamden,  Evans;  Milford, 
Miss  Lorens;  New  Haven,  Evans;  Orange  (1879),  /.  A. 
Allen.    Middlesex:   Portland,  Evans. 

Quebec  and  Ontario  west  to  British  Columbia  and  south 
to  New  Jersey  and  Delaware;  Europe.  R-t .  4-c-*^^.  J~c «-/ 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  170. 

FAMILY   JUNGERMANNIACE^ 

1.  Leaves   undivided  and  v^rith   entire   margins 2 

Leaves  variously  toothed,  lobed,  cleft,  or  divided 9 

2.  Archegonia  borne  on  the  stem  or  a  leading  branch 3 

Archegonia    borne    on    a    short    branch,    usually    arising 

ventrally   7 

3.  Bracts  undivided,   similar  to  the  leaves 4 

Bracts  variously  incised  or  cleft Jamesoniella,  p.  52 

4.  Uppermost  bracts  apparently  adnate  with  the  base  of  the 

perianth Nardia,  p.  50 

Uppermost  bracts  entirely  free  from  the  perianth 5 

■5.     Perianth  terete  and  more  or  less  contracted  at  the  mouth 

Jungermannia,  p.  51 

Perianth  laterally  compressed  and  truncate  at  the  mouth  6 

6.  Growing   in    damp    or    wet    woods    on    various    substrata; 

stems  with  few  or  no  rhizoids;  leaves  never  gemmiparous 

Plagiochila,  p.     56 
Growing   in    open    bogs;    stems    with   numerous    rhizoids; 
leaves  often  gemmiparous Mylia,  p.     56 

7.  Leaves  succubous;  sporophyte  enclosed  within  a  perianth       8 
Leaves  incubous;  sporophyte  developed  within  a  pendent 

perigynium    Cal5rpogeia,  p.     62 

8.  Leaf  cells  without  trigones    Chiloscyphus,  p.     58 

Leaf  cells  with  distinct  trigones Odontoschisma,  p.     62 


48  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

9.     Leaves  not  complicate,  usually  expanded  in  one  plane....  10 
Leaves  distinctly  complicate,  the  two  portions  meeting  at 

a  more  or  less  distinct  keel 22 

10.  Leaves  succubous ll 

Leaves  incubous   IQ 

11.  Leaves  bidentate  or  bilobed. 12 

Leaves  with  more  than  two  teeth  or  lobes 18 

12.  Underleaves  distinct    13 

Underleaves  none  or  very  minute ^  16 

13.  Underleaves  distinctly  bifid 14 

Underleaves    undivided   or  with   a   few   marginal   teeth   or 

cilia    15 

14.  Sporophyte  enclosed  within  a  perianth.  ..  .Lophocolea,  p.  57 
Sporophyte     developed     within     a     pendent     perigynium 

Geocalyx,  p.  59 

15.  Growing  on  rotten  logs,  often  gemmiparous 

Harpanthus,  p.  59 

Growing  on  calcareous  rocks,  never  gemmiparous 

Lophozia  Muelleri,  p.  53 

16.  Perianth  terete,  more  or  less  plicate  at  the  mouth 

Lophozia,  p.  52 

Perianth  trigonous 17 

17.  Leaf  cells  0.025-0.05  mm.  in  diameter Cephalozia,  p.  59 

Leaf  cells  0.01-0.02  mm.  in  diameter Cephaloziella,  p.  61 

18.  Leaves  undivided,  margin  sharply  toothed.  .Plagiochila,  p.  56 
Leaves  with  three  or  four  broad  teeth Lophozia,  p.  52 

19.  Leaves  bidentate  at  the  apex;  ventral  flagelliform  branches 

none   Calj^sogeia,  p.  62 

Leaves  mostly  with  three  or  four  teeth,  lobes,  or  divisions  20 

20.  Stems      apparently      dichotomous;      ventral      flagelliform 

branches  numerous Bazzania,  p.  64 

Stems    pinnately   branched;    ventral    flagelliform    branches 

none    21 

21.  Divisions   or  lobes   of  leaves   two  or  more  cells  wide,   at 

least    at    the    base;    archegonia    borne    on    short    ventral 

branches  Lepidozia,  p.  65 

Divisions  of  leaves  only  one  cell  wide  throughout;  arche- 
gonia   borne    on    the    main    stem    or   on    leading   lateral 

branches  Blepharostoma,  p.  66 

22.  Ventral  lobe  of  leaf  equaling  or  surpassing  the  dorsal  in 

size    '. 23 

Ventral  lobe  smaller  than  the  dorsal 26 


No,    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  49 

23.  Bracts   apparently   adnata   to   the   base   of  the   perianth.. 

Marsupella,  p.     50 
Bracts   entirely  free   from   the  perianth 24 

24.  Perianth  strongly  dorsi-ventrally  compressed,  not  plicate 

in  upper  part Sjcapania,  p.     68 

Perianth  terete  or  slightly  compressed,  more  or  less  plicate 
in  upper  part 25 

25.  Keels  of  leaves  sharp Diplophylleia,  p.     67 

Keels  of  leaves  blunt Sphenolobus,  p.     55 

26.  Leaves  and  underleaves  with  fringed  margins 27 

Leaves    and    underleaves    (when    present)    with    entire    or 

denticulate    margins    28 

27.  Plants  green,  often  tinged  with  brown  or  red,  growing  in 

rather    dry    localities;     leaf    cells    with    trigones    and    a 

smooth  cuticle Ptilidium,  p.     66 

Plants  pale  green  or  yellowish,  growing  on  the  ground  in 
swamps;  leaf  cells  thin-walled,  with  a  minutely  striolate 
cuticle    Trichocolea,  p.     67 

28.  Underleaves  present   29 

Underleaves  none    ^3 

29.  Underleaves  undivided   30 

Underleaves  bifid    31 

30.  Ventral  lobe  of  leaf  not  inflated,  attached  to  the  stem  by 

a  narrow  base Porella,  p.     70 

Ventral  lobe  of  leaf  inflated  and  forming  a  small  water- 
sac,  attached  to  the  stem  by  a  broad  base 

Leucolejeunea,  p.     72 

31.  Ventral  lobe  of  leaf  attached  to  the  stem  by  a  broad  base, 

forming  an  inflated  water-sac Lejeunea,  p.     72 

Ventral  lobe  of  leaf  usually  forming  an  inflated  water-sac, 
entirely    free    from    the    stem 32 

32.  Archegonial  branch  with  one  or  two  subfloral  innovations 

Jubula,  p.     72 

Archegonial  branch  without  subfloral  innovations 

Frullania,  p.    7;^ 

33.  Dorsal  lobes  of  leaves  smooth  and  entire;  perianth  dorsi- 

ventrally  compressed,   truncate  at  the  mouth 

^^  Radula,  p.     69 

Dorsal  lobes  of  leaves  denticulate  and  minutely  roughened 
on  outer  surface  by  projecting  cells;  perianth  inflated, 
five-keeled,  and  contracted  at  the  mouth  into  a  tubular 
beak   Cololejeunea,  p.     71 


50  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.    '    [Bull. 

y\    ^     yA^v^^'^^^^  *  VW^^^AM>     U-.^W'    O.^.:^  '-"^-I 

Marsupella  Diimort. 

Plants  varying  from  green  to  reddish;  leaves  with  a  broad 
sinus  and  bluntly  pointed  lobes M.  emarg^ata 

Plants  varying  from  green  to  deep  purplish  black;  leaves 
with  a  narrow  sinus  and  rounded  lobes M.  Sullivantii 

::•■  r 

Marsupella  emarginata  (Ehrh.)  Dumort.  1.1*) 

On  damp  shaded  rocks.  May  and  June.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Branford,  Evans;  Mid- 
dlebury,  Harger;  Naugatuck,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Wood- 
bridge  (1879),  J-  -^-  Allen.    /2m. 

Labrador  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Virginia,  Minnesota, 
and  California  ;  Europe ;  Asia.    ''^-*^  -f**^  "^  /  tS  " 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172.    ,     ,      /  .,        ,     v -> 

Marsupella LSullivantii  (DeNot.)  Evans./  Marjdpella 
sphacelata  of  some  authors,  not  (Gieseke)  Dumorl-v-^':^.  media 
(Gottsche)   Schiffn.  <-  -C^fOi^r^'^tK  (^ A~»^>t. jScA>.tW •  XJ.S' 

On  shaded  rocks.  May  and  June.  Hartford  :  Southing- 
ton,  Miss  Lorens.  New  Haven  :  Hamden  and  Naugatuck 
(1890),  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  south  to  Georgia ;  Washington ;  Europe. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172;  30,  167;  33,  57.  (^  ^v^  ^  ^'Ik  a.    (- 

I^Nardia  S.  F.  GrayJ     ;>  5o\«A^'.^T^'?t 

1.  Growing  on   sandy   soil;   rhizoids   colorless;  leaves    (or  at 

least    the    bracts)    bordered    by    a    row    of    thick-walled 
cells;  leaf  cells  otherwise  thin-walled  throughout'or  with 

minute  trigones    N.  crenulata 

Growing  on  damp  rocks  or  banks;  rhizoids  more  or  less 
tinged  with  purple;    leaf  cells  with  distinct  trigones....       2 

2.  Leaves  bordered  by  a  row  of  thick-walled  cells 

N.  crenuliformis 
Leaves  not  bordered,  their  cell  structure  uniform  through- 
out     N.   hyalina 

Nardia  crenulata  (Sm.)  Lindb.     Jungermannia  crenulata 

On  sandy  soil,  especially  along  roadsides  and  shaded  paths. 
.•\pril-June.  Litchfield:  Cornwall  and  Litchfield,  Under- 
wood.    Tolland:    Bolton,  Nichols.     Fairfield:    Huntinsi:on 


No.    ll.j  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  5I 

and  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven:  Hamden,  Eaton;  Meri- 
den.  Eimns;  New  Haven  (1866),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans; 
Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen.  Middlesex-: 
Middlefield,  Evans. 

Greenland  west  to  British  Columbia  and  south  to  Alabama 
and  California ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  57. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  28,  172. 

|_Nardia  crenuliformis  (Aust.)  Lindbj  3  3  I 
On  rocks  along  streams.     May  and  June.     New  Haven  :     rj 
Beacon  Falls  (1907),  Evans.  P  Ca£^.   (cll^ .)  lA^utf  ^ 

Connecticut  to  Ohio  and  south  to  New  Jersey  and  West 
Virginia. 

Nardia  hyalina  (Lyell)  Carr.  332^     V.  -^.  (  /"^^(y  ^^^^  . 

On  damp  shaded  rocks  and  banks.    May  and  June.    Wind- 
ham :    Canterbury,   Mrs.  Hadley.      New   Haven  :    Ansonia    m         jti 
(1880),  /.  A.  Allen;  Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Hamden,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Naugatuck,  Evans.     Middlesex:    Middletown,  Evans. 

New  England  to  Minnesota  and  south  to  Maryland; 
Europe;  Peru. 

Ref.     Evans,  26,  209;  28,  172. 

Jungermannia   (Rupp.)   L. 

1.  Leaf   cells   with   trigones;     monoicous:     perianth   abruptly- 

contracted  at  the  apex  into  a  short  depressed  beak.... 

J.  lanceolata 
Leaf  cells  without  trigones;    perianth  gradually  contracted 
at  the  apex 2 

2.  Small  species,  stems  5-10  mm.  long;  monoicous J.  pumila 

Large  species,  stems  mostly  2-8  cm.  long;  dioicous 

J.  cordifolia 

Jungermannia  lanceolata  L.    Liochlccna  lanceolata  Nees.  2.  78 

On  shaded  banks.     May  and  June.     New  Haven  :    Ham-  ^ 

den  (1877)  and  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger.         M  '^^ 

Labrador  west  to  British  Columbia  and  south  to  New  Jer- 
sey, Indiana,  and  Washington  ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Madeira  Islands. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  28,  171.     j(jt£  ,^^v-^.  ^C '^ 


52  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Jungermannia  pumila  With.  X^t 

On  wet  rocks,  often  in  brooks.  May  and  June.  New 
Haven:  Hamden  (1877),  /.  A.  Allen;  North  Branford, 
Evans. 

Greenland  south  to  Maryland;  Europe. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Jungermannia  cordifolia  Hook.  3.^  ^ 

On  wet  rocks  along  streams.  Hartford:  Windsor  (1903), 
Miss  Lorenz. 

Greenland  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  New  England  and 
Colorado;  Europe;  Asia;  South  America. 

Ref.     Evans,  30,  170. 

Jamesoniella  (Spruce)   Steph. 

Jamesoniella  autumnalis  (DC.)  Steph.  Jungermannia 
Schraderi  Mart,  a  T  2- 

On  banks,  rocks,  and  rotten  logs.  Sept.-Nov.  Litch- 
field: New  Milford,  Evans;  Salisbury,  Adams.  Hartford: 
Simsbury,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Vernon,  Nichols.  New 
Haven:  Bethany,  Evans;  Hamden  (1878),  Eaton;  Nauga- 
tuck,  Evans;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans;  Ox- 
ford, Harger;  Woodbridge,  Nichols.  Middlesex  :  Cromwell, 
Evans. 

Greenland  to  British  Columbia  and  south  to  Virginia  and 
Missouri;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  28,  171. 

Lophozia  Duniort. 

1.  Leaves  bidentate  or  bilobed  throughout 2 

Leaves    tri-    or    quadridentate,    at    least    on    fertile    stems, 

sometimes  bidentate  on  poorly  developed  stems 7 

2.  Teeth  or  lobes  acute    3 

Teeth  or  lobes  rounded    L.  inflata 

3.  Underleaves  none;  perianth  plicate  in  upper  part,  and  not 

strongly  contracted  at  the  mouth 4 

Underleaves  present;  perianth  scarcely  plicate  in  upper  part, 
and  contracted  at  the  mouth  into  a  short  beak..L.  Muelleri 

4.  Dioicous    5 

Monoicous   (paroicous)    6 


No.    II.]  THE   BRVOrHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  53 

5.  Growing  on  rocks;  leaf  cells  with  small  trigones.  .L.  ventricosa 
Growing  on   rotten  logs;   leaf  cells  with   large  trigones.. 

L.  porphyroleuca 

6.  Plants    with    a    distinct    aromatic    odor;    leaf    cells    with 

strongly  thickened  walls   L.  bicrenata 

Plants    odorless;    leaf    cells    thin-walled,    but    with    small 
trigones    L.  excisa 

7.  Plants  firm,  dark  green;  leaves  but  little  altered  when  dry       8 
Plants    delicate,    pale    or    bright    green;    leaves    strongly 

crispate  when  dry   ' lO 

8.  Teeth    of    leaves    subequal,    the    lateral     margins    nearly 

straight  and  of  about  the  same   length 9 

Apical   (or  ventral)  tooth  larger  than  the  others,  the  cor- 
responding  lateral   margin   long   and   strongly   curved.. 

L.  Lyoni 

9.  Gemmae   usually   abundant,   borne   on   upright   flagelliform 

shoots  with  closely  appressed   leaves L.  attenuata 

Gemmae  rare,  not  borne  on  flagelliform  shoots L.  barbata 

10.     Lobes  of  leaves  more  or  less  toothed   L.  incisa 

Lobes  of  leaves  entire L.  marchica 

L6phozia  inflata  (Hiids.)  M.  A.  Howe.  3fcS 

On  damp  shaded  rocks.    Tolland:  'QoMon,  Nichols.    New    ^        -y 
Haven:    Branford  (1892)  and  Naugatuck,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska  and  south  to  New  Jersey  and  Cali- 
fornia ;  Europe ;  Asia.      i^^jJc .  >^<uJC  .  i^  t  H 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172. 

2^^-^^      Lophozia  Muelleri  (Nees)  Dumort.  Jgb  "  ' 

^%-^M\'ii.   In  crevices  of  calcareous  rocks.     May  and  June.     Litch- 
^'i       field:   Sahsbury  (1897),  Evans. 
'.   I  Quebec  to  Connecticut;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  32,  35. 

Lophozia   bicrenata    (Schmid.)    Dumort.     Jnngcrviannia 
excisa  of  some  authors.    3  *^  ^  3 1  "J? 

On    rocks,    shaded    earth,    and    banks.      May    and    June.     ..    ^ 
Litchfield:    Goshen,    Underzvood.     Tolland:    Bolton   and 
Vernon,    Nichols.       Fairfield:     Huntingfton,    Evans.      New 
Haven  :   Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen; 
Meriden,  Evans;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen;  Seymour,  Harger. 


hni 


54  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Quebec  and  Ontario  south  to  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jer- 
sey ;  Europe ;  Asia.    &^  ^  '4^^-^ .  0~  <  2.  ^ ,  I/-. 

Ref.      E^ton,  15,  71.    Evans,  26,  209;  28,  172. 

Lophozia  excisa  (Dicks.)  Dumort.  3V4 

On  rocks.     New  Haven:    North  Haven  (1906),  Evans. 

Labrador  to  New  England  and  west  to  British  Columbia ; 
Europe;  Asia.  The  species  has  been  confused  in  North 
America  with  L.  bicrenata,  and  its  range  is  therefore  not  very 
definitely  known. 

Ref.     Evans,  33,  y^^.    Miss  Haynes,  44,  99,  pi.  p,  f.  lo-i^. 

Lophozia  ventricosa  (Dicks.)  Dumort.  3H<^ 
On  rocks.     Litchfield:    Salisbury  (1908),  Miss  Lorens. 
Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  New  England,  Minnesota, 
and  California ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Lophozia  porphyroleuca  (Nees)  Schiffn.  3^1. 
/^/ot)  On  rotten  logs.     Tolland:    Stafford  (1906),  A'ichols. 

Greenland  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  New  England  and 
Washington  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 
Ref.     Evans,  33,  73. 

Lophozia  marchica  (Nees)  Steph.  Jungermannia  Novce- 
CoBsarccc  Evans.     L.  Novce-Ccssarecc  Steph.  d^'.J' 

In  bogs  and  on  wet  sandy  soil.  May  and  June.  Fair- 
^  0  field:  LIuntington,  Evans.  New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1892) 
and  Orange,  Evans. 

New  England  south  to  Delaware  and  West  Virginia; 
Europe. 

Ref.     Evans,  20,  309;  26,  212;  28,  172.    Stephani,  67-,  153. 

Lophozia  incisa   (Schrad.)   Dumort.  3  4  5" 

On  shaded  banks  and  rotten  logs.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field :  Winchester,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nich- 
'^\X^  ols.  New  Haven:  Hamden  (1877),  O.  D.  Allen;  Wood- 
bridge,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  NeW  England,  Minne- 
sota, and  California:  Europe;  Asia.  1^  .  C^a-J.  'si^/1 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  55 

T^^t^xxrl-Cr^Wyyt  o.     Lts_;»Xnccfo^  (^bcWuJb-.j  \.uyQ,fJ^^.^ 

Lophozia  barbata  (Schreb.)  Dutnort.  J  linger  mannia  bar- 
bata  -Schreb.  tVXCc 

On  rocks.     May  and  June.     Litchfield:   Goshen,  Under- 
wood.   Hartford:   ¥2irm.mgion,  Miss  Lor  ens.    New  Haven  :   /)?-C'l 
East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Evans; 
New  Haven  (1877),  /.  A.  Allen;  Sovithbury,  Harger.     Mid- 
dlesex :    Durham,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Yukon,  and  south  to  New  Yofk  and  New 
Jersey;  Europe;  Asia.       rdJ.  •  4<\.\Ji  .  S  •  I 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  28,  172. 

Lophozia  attenuata  (Mart.)  Dumort.  L.  gracilis 
(Schleich.)  Steph.  f  C^ 

On  shaded  rocks  and  logs.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1892), 
Evans.  M  XOO 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  New  England  and  New 
York;  Europe;  Asia.         jctX-  ^f«-cC  -^~  1  (v  «%.    (- 

Ref.     Evans,  31,  58.  .    v 

Lophozia  Lyoni  (Ta^d.)  Sleph.  '-f  ^  / 

On  shaded  rocks.     New  Haven:   Meriden  (1890-).,  Evans.      M  iqx* 
Greenland   to   Alaska,   and    south   to   New   England   and 
Minnesota ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  26,  210;  28,  172. 

Sphenolobus  (Lindb.)   Steph.  '■y^' 

Dorsal  lobe  much  smaller  than  the  ventral,  often  tooth-like 

S.  exsectvis 
Lobes   subequal    S.  Michauxii 

Sphenolobus  exsectus  (Schmid.)  Steph.  4'^  ,\a^,^'^^»>^-  'j-'** 

On   shaded   rocks.      Litchfield:    New   Milford,   Evans.      /'^2J(o 
New  Haven:    Branford  (1903)  and  Naugatuck,  Evans. 

Quebec  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  West  Virginia  and 
Colorado ;  Europe ;  Asia.   C"  3  i"  <=<- ,  L^. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  173;  30.  171.  ^ 

Sphenolobus  IV^chauxii  (Web.  f.)   Steph.  3f  3  }\\  q, 

On  shaded  rocks.     Litchfield:    Salisbury  (1892),  Evans. 


56  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Labrador  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  Virginia  and  Min- 
nesota;  Europe;  Asia.     *^-  "H-*---^    ■^  ^1 
Ref.     Evans,  31,  58. 

Plagiochila  Dumort. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate,  entire  or  denticulate,  the  teeth  more 
than  ten   P.  asplenioides 

Leaves  narrowly  ovate,  sharply  dentate,  the  teeth  less  than 
ten   P.  Sullivantii 

Plagiochila  asplenioides  (L.)  Dumort.  Including  P.  porel- 
loides  Nees.14^1 

On  rocks  and  banks,  often  in  wet  localities.  May  and  June. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  £?7aM.y.  Hartford: 
Burlington,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Huntington, 
Evans;  Redding,  Miss  Haynes;  Sherman,  Evans.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Bethany,  Hall;  Hamden 
(1855),  New  Haven,  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger; 
Woodbridge,  Evans.  Middlesex:  Cromwell,  Evans;  Kil- 
^'^  lingworth,  Hall;  Middlefield  and  Middletown,  Evans.     New 

London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  Virginia,  Minne- 
sota, and  California ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref,     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  28,  172. 

Plagiochila  Sullivantii  Gottsche.  P.  spinulosa  of  some 
authors.  ^3>^ 

On  shaded  rocks.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Evans.  New 
Haven:    Branford  and  Naugatuck  (1890),  Evans. 

New  Hampshire  to  North  Carolina. 

Exsic.  Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  11 1  (as  P. 
spinulosa),  collected  at  Naugatuck,  Evans,  but  incorrectly 
0  labeled  "  Beacon  Falls." 

Ref.  Evans,  21,  191,  pi.  75,  /.  j8,  21,  pi.  16,  f.  7-9;  28,  172. 
Stephani,  67%  319. 

Mylia  S.  F.  Gray 
Mylia  anomala  (Hook.)  S.  F.  Gray.  3^^ 
^  Among  Sphagna  in  bogs.    Litchfield:  Woodbury,  Evans, 

-ib^       New  Haven:    Bethany  (1892)  and  New  Haven,  Evans. 


^)^V^ 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  57 

New  Brunswick  to  Yukon,  and  south  to  New  Jersey  and 
Washington ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer,  No.  151.  <i^.'^t^^^i<^ 
Ref.     Evans,  28,  172.    Underwood,  73,  300. 

Lophocolea  Dumort. 

1.  Plants  growing  on  wet  rocks;  leaves  gradually  narrowed 

toward  the  apex  and  divided  into  two  sharp  teeth;   di- 

oicous  L.  bidentata 

Plants   growing   on   banks,   rotten    logs,   or   damp    rocks; 
leaves  scarcely  narrowed  toward  the  apex 2 

2.  Leaves    varying    from    bifid    to    truncate    and    undivided; 

monoicous   (paroicous);  gemmae  none L.  heterophylla 

Leaves  bidentate;   dioicous;   gemmae   abundant,  borne  on 
rudimentary   leaves    L.  minor 

Lophocolea  bidentata  (L.)  Dumort.   I.^*^ 

On  rocks  near  or  in  streams.      May  and  June.      Hart- 
ford:    Windsor,  Evans.      New  Haven:     Hamden    (1877),^  ^tfo 
/.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans.    Middlesex:    Cromwell,  Evans. 

Ontario  south  to  Connecticut  and  Virginia ;  Europe ;  tropi- 
cal and  antarctic  America. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  95. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71 ;  Evans,  28,  172, 

Lophocolea  heterophylla   (Schrad.)   Dumort.     Including 
L.  Austini  Lindb.  15" "2., 

On  rotten  logs,  shaded  banks,  and  earth  in  woods.  May- 
July.  Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underwood;  New  Milford, 
Evans;  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Fairfield:  Huntington  and  Sherman,  Evans.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  Derby,  Evans;  East  Haven  and 
Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen;  Meriden  and  Middlebury,  Evans;  New  /^^*^^ 
Haven  (1866),  Eaton;  North  Branford,  North  Haven,  and 
Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Seymour,  Evans.    Middle-  ^     , 

sex:    Durham,   Evans;   Killingworth,   Nichols;    Middlefield,  ^'' JLV"* 
Evans.     New  London  :    Ledyard,  Nichols.  ^ 

Nova  Scotia  to  British  Columbia,  and  south  to  North  Caro- 
lina, Minnesota,  and  California;  Europe;  Asia. 


\%'^1 


58  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Exsic.  Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  186,  in  part 
(as  L.  Austini). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  23,  pi.  6;  28,  172. 

Lophocolea  minor  Nees.   XS(c, 

.On  shaded  banks  and  rocks,  especially  in  limestone  regions. 
Hartford:  Farmington  and  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tol- 
land :  StaffHer'd,  ^ichols.  Fairfield  :  Sherman,  Evans.  New- 
Haven  iEakiHa^en,  Evans;  New  Haven  (1877),  /.  A.  Allen. 

New,  B'rtinsw'iclc  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  New  York 
and  Minnesota;;  EHrope.;  Asia. 

Exsic.     UnderAj/ood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  129. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172. 

Chiloscyphus  Corda 

Leaf  cells  usually  less  than  0.03  mm.  in  diameter;  lobes  of 
perianth  entire  or  nearly  so C.  polyanthus 

Leaf  cells  mostly  0.035-0.04  mm.  in  diameter;  lobes  of 
perianth  dentate  or  lacerate C.  pallescens 

Chiloscyphus  polyanthus   (L.)   Corda.  T-H  I 

In  swamps  and  streams,  often  submerged.  Litchfield: 
Winchester,  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland: 
Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadlcy.  New  Haven:  Bethany  (1878),  Eaton;  Hamden, 
Harger;  New  Haven,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge, 
J.A.Allen.  Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Mc/to/5;  Middletown, 
Evans. 

Labrador  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  New  Jersey,  Missouri, 
and  California  ;•  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Chiloscyphus  pallescens  (Ehrh.)  Dumort.  C.  ascend  ens 
Sulliv.  iKI 

On  rotten  logs  and  shaded  banks.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
feld:  Salisbury,  Evans.  New  Haven:  Bethany  (1875), 
Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Middlebury,  Evans;  New  Haven, 
Harger;  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge, 
Evans. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  59 

Ontario  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  New  England,  New 
York,  and  Indiana;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  28,  171 ;  31,  54. 

Harpanthus  Nees 

Harpanthus  scutatus  (Web.  f.  &  Mohr)  Spruce.  'iS'S 

On  rotten  logs.  Litchfield:  Sahsbury,  Em^.  Tol- 
land: Stafford,  Nichols.  New  HAVRN^^J#^fflhrd  and 
Cheshire,  Evans;  Oxford  (1890),  Harger.  ,^4^  \Q^  ^  ft/l 

Labrador  west  to  British  Columbia  am  s^o^i-tif^  Vir- 
ginia; Europe;  Asia.   i^-4«-^-  SCO,    ^^^    1\^  ^Co' 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171.  ,0^    .^.^     ^^ 

Geocalyx  Nees      '^  Cr'      f*^ 

Geocalyx  graveolens  (Schrad.)  Nees^ir    if^,,    ^  Vfe^L- 

On  rotten  logs,  banks,  and  shaded  rO%ksp^Iaj4j,-and  June. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury V^^'t^j^.  Hart- 
ford: Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland?  Si^ffoJ^,  Nichols. 
Windham:  Canterbury,  Mr.?,  f/arf/^y.  Fm^ieCD:  Redding, 
Miss  Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1867),  Veitch;  North  Branford  and 
North  Haven,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Nova  Scotia  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  Virginia  and 
Washington ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Cephalozia  Dumort. 

1.  Stems  bounded  by  a  layer  of  enlarged  cortical  cells 2 

Stems  uniform  in  cell  structure;  lobes  of  leaves  obtuse  or 

obtusely    pointed    C.  fiuitans 

2.  Leaves  inflated  at  the  base,  the  segments  ending  in  long 

slender  points    C.  curvifoiia 

Leaves    not  inflated   at    the   base,   the   segments    acute   or 
acuminate    3 

3.  Leaves  not  decurrent,  symmetrical,  the  segments  straight 

or  scarcely  connivent   •. C.  bicuspidata 

Leaves   more   or   less   decurrent,   unsymmetrical,   the   seg- 
ments connivent  4 

4.  Leaf  cells  0.04-0.045  mm.  in  diameter C.  connivens 

Leaf  cells  0.02-0.03  mm.  in  diameter 5 


h\ 


60  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

5.     Leaf  cells  thin-walled;  segments  of  bracts  entire  or  spar- 
ingly laciniate C.  lunulaefolia 

Leaf  cells   with   uniformly   thickened   walls;    segments   of 
bracts  dentate  or  denticulate   C.  serrifiora 

Cephalozia  curvifolia  (Dicks.)  Dumort.       Kc.C^^c-fco.j  I/IU ft" 

On  rotten  logs.  May  and  June.  Litchfield:  Goshen, 
Underivood;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor,  W.  E. 
Britton.  Fairfield:  Monroe  and  Newtown,  Harger.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Branford,  Evans;  Cheshire, 
Harger;  Hamden  (1877)  and  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  North 
Haven  and  Woodbridge,  Evans. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Minnesota ;  Europe ;  Asia.        (2dL  .  ^^-'-^    <4  ^  ^  «\    1.^. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  28,  171. 

Cephalozia  bicuspidata  (L.)  Dumort.  «-^g'i. 

On  shaded  banks  and  rocks.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Fairfield:  Trumbull  {i^^i) ,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Beacon 
Falls,  Hamden,  Naugatuck,  and  Orange,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  New  England,  Minne- 
sota, and  California;  Asia;  northern  Africa. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  71  (quoted  from  East  Haven).  Evans, 
28,  171. 

Cephalozia  connivens  (Dicks.)  Lindb.  ^  ^t 

In  swamps  and  wet  pastures.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Evans.  Fairfield:  Sherman,  Evans. 
New  Haven  :  East  Haven  and  Hamden,  Evans.  New  Haven 
(1867),  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans. 

Prince  Edward  Island  to  Ontario,  and  south  to  Florida; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  28,  171.     Howe,  49,  282. 

lunulaefolia  Dumort  J  V-fiv»**.  Xud'xo.^  <^u<,  lM.o.<Ar/(wQ3 
On  shaded  banks  and  rotten  logs.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury  and  Woodbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Wind- 
sor, Evans.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Fair- 
field :  Huntington  and  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Bea- 
con Falls  and  Hamden,  Evans;  New  Haven   (1866),  Eaton; 


n-^i^ 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  6l 

North  Branford,  Evans;  North  Haven,  Nichols.  Middle- 
sex :    Durham,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  Florida,  Minnesota, 
and  California ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171.  /  1  ,        /      \ 

Cephalozia  serriflora  Lindb.  C.  catenulata  of  som^ 
authors.  4<^2. 

On   rotten   logs.      New    Haven:     New   Haven    (1892).  >^  "^  (  ' 
Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  Florida  and 
Louisiana;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171  ;^o,  173.      ,  >    n 

Cephalozia  fluitans  (Nees)  Spruce.  .5o\  ^ 

In  wet  bogs.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  and  Woodbury, 
Evans.    New  Haven:   Bethany  (1888),  Harger. 

Labrador  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  New  Jersey,  Min- 
nesota, and  Washington  ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  154.  /tM-^--^-  -^ 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Cephaloziella  (Spruce)   Schiffn. 

Dioicous    C.  divaricata 

Monoicous   (paroicous)    C.  myriantha 

Cephaloziella  divaricata  (Sm.)  Schiffn.  Cephalozia  di- 
vancata  Dumort.   ^^^^-'-^  ^^^J^^^uTV:^\^^         Vh  l 

On  damp  banks,  sandy  soil,  and  rocks.     May  and  June.  *" 

Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underzvood.  Hartford:  Hartford 
and  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorena.  Tolland:  Vernon, 
Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Huntington  and  Redding,  Evans.  New  r\  0 
Haven:  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1877)  and  New 
Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  North  Haven,  Evans;  Orange,  J.  A. 
Allen;  Oxford,  Harger;  Seymour,  Evans.  Middlesex:  Mid- 
dlefield,  Evans. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Maryland,  Minnesota,  and 
California ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  155. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  28,  171. 


62  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST,    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Cephaloziella  myriantha  (Lindb.)   Schiffn.  Si:f 
On  sandy  soil  and  rocks.     Hartford:    East  Granby  and 
'^*A^      West  Hartford  (1907),  Miss  Lorenz. 

New   England  and  New  York;  range  in   North  America 
not  definitely  known ;  Europe. 

♦  Odontoschisma  Dumort. 

Leaves  bordered  by  one  to  three  rows  of  rectangular  cells; 
gemmae  none   O.  prostratum 

Leaves  uniform  in  cell  structure;  gemmae  usually  abundant, 
borne  at  the  tips  of  erect  shoots  with  rudimentary  leaves 

O.  denudatum 

^  ^  Odontoschisma  prostratum    (Sw.)    Trevis.      0.   Sphagni 

v^u-x  of  some  authors.   ^*\0 
^       v^t^W'nn  swamps  and  bogs.     Hartford  :    West  Hartford,  Miss 
''<i^*''^\W\Lorens.    Tolland :   Columbia,  Weatherhy.    Windham  :  Can- 
*^^ ^ J' terbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.     New  Haven:    Hamden   (1866)   and 
«JY'^       New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger^ 

New  London  :    Waterford,  Miss  Lorenz. 

1 
\0-y  Southern  New  England,  south  into  tropical  America. 

^0*^  Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.     Evans,  .28,  172;  29,  344,  pL  ig,  f, 

42-54,  pi.  20,  f.  55,  57,  59,  60,  62,  64. 

Odontoschisma  denudatum  (Mart.)  Dumort. 
^  \^  On  rotten  logs,  more  rarely  on  shaded  banks.    Litchfield  : 

^\j<*^  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford :  Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland : 
'  y^L^  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
-TV^  Hadley.  New  Haven:  Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen;  North  Bran- 
'^  ford  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen.  H  fc9 

n  Greenland  to  Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario,  south  into  tropical 

^  America ;  Europe ;  Asia.   i^^jlX  <UuJi  S'  ^~i,  . 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172;  29,  342,  pi.  ip,  f.  35-38. 

Calypogeia  Raddi 

1.  Leaves    rounded    to    obtuse    at    the    apex,    rarely    bifid    or 

bidentate;  leaf  cells  with  a  smooth  cuticle 2 

Leaves  sharply  bidentate;  leaf  cells  with  a  minutely  striate- 
verruculose  cuticle   C.  SuUivantii 

2.  Leaf  cells  without  trigones 3 

Leaf  cells  with  small  but  distinct  trigones 4. 


No.    II. J  THE    BKYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  63 

3.  Plants  robust,  growing  on  banks,  earth  in  woods,  or  shaded 

rocks;  underleaves  bifid  about  one-third C.  Trichomanis 

Plants  delicate,  growing  in  bogs,  underleaves  bifid  to  the 
middle  or  beyond  C.  tenuis 

4.  Growing  in  bOgs;  leaves  spreading  at  an  angle  of  about  30° 

C.  sphagnicola 
Growing  on  rotten  logs;  leaves  spreading  at  an  angle  of 
about  45°  C.  suecica 

Calypogeia   Trichomanis    (L.)    Corda.      Kantia   Tricho- 
manis S.  F.  Gray.  tS  1 

On  shaded  banks  and  earth  in  woods.  May  and  June. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury  and  Woodbury,  Evans.  Hartford: 
Windsor,  Evans.  Tolland  :  Bolton,  Nickels;  Coventry,  Mrs. 
Phelps;  Stafford  and  Vernon,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter-  M-^'*^ 
bury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Hunt- 
ington, Evans;  Redding,  Miss  Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Beacon 
Falls,  Evans;  Hamden  (1877),  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Nauga- 
tuck,  New  Haven,  and  Orange,  Evans.  Middlesex  :  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols.     New  London  :    Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Labrador  to  Alaska,   and   south   to   North   Carolina   and 
California;  Europe;  Asia.      ^*-^  •  "^^-^  .   '-^^  ^ 

Rer     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  171 ;  33,  70. 

Calypogeia  tenuis  (Aust.)  Evans.  ,^\jl*4<.  «-«^  (^  .  i^X^^t^<:^« 
In  bogs.    Litchfield:  Woodbury  (igo2),  Evans,  ^j^  ^^C 
New  Hampshire  to  New  Jersey.  "        m^ 

Ref.     Evans,  33,  69,  pi.  /j,  /.  9-14.. 

Calypogeia    sphagnicola     (Arn.    &    Perss.)     Warnst.    & 
Loeske.    Io*^0 

In  bogs.     Litchfield:    New  Milford  (1906),  Evans.        y*!"^'/ 
The  only  known  locality  outside  of  Europe. 
Ref.     Evans,  33,  65. 

Calypogeia  suecica  (Arn.  &  Perss.)  C.  Miill.  Frib. 
On  rotten  logs.     Tolland:    Stafford   (1906),  Nichols.      /M  ^2.__^ 
Maine  to  Connecticut;  Europe;  range  not  yet   definitely 
known.  (5  ^  *^ 

Ref.     Evans,  33,  66. 


64  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Calypogeia  Suilivantii  Aust.     Kantia  Sullivantii  Undervv. 
On  sandy  banks.    New  Haven  :   East  Haven,  Evans;  Mil- 
ford,   Weatherby;  Woodbridge   (1890),  Evans.     New   Lon- 
\^       don:   Waterford,  Mm  Lor^M^. 

Southern  New  England  to  North  Carolina  and  Arkansas. 
Ref.     Evans,  26,  212;  28,  171  ;  33,  67. 

Bazzania  S.  F.  Gray 

Plants  large,  the  leaves  often  2.5  mm.  long,  broadly  ovate, 
truncate  and  tridentate  at  the  apex B.  trilobata 

Plants  smaller,  the  leaves  mostly  0.7  to  1.2  mm.  long,  ovate, 
acute  or  irregularly  bidentate  or  tridentate  at  the  apex 

B.  tricrenata 

Bazzania  trilobata  (L.)  S.  F.  Gray.  Mastigobryum  frilo- 
batum  Nees.  fef] 

On  earth  in  woods  and  swamps,  on  shaded  banks,  and  on 
rotten  logs.  Autumn.  Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underwood; 
New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Canton, 
Nichols;  Glastonbury,  Mrs.  Lowe;  West  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorenz.  Tolland:  Ellington  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fair- 
field :  Redding,  Miss  Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls 
^■^*A  and  Branford,  Evans;  Hamden  (1855),  Eaton;  Naugatuck, 
Evans;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Har- 
ger;  Seymour,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  Hall.  Middlesex  :  Dur- 
ham and  Killingworth,  Evans.  New  London  :  Groton  and 
North  Stonington,  C  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  and  south  to  Alabama ;  Europe ; 
Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Bazzania    tri^rcHiata — (Wahl.) — Tievib. 
(Schleich.)  Lindb.)[tfc^")      U'X'^ 

On  shaded  rocks.     Litchfield:    Salisbury  (1892),  Evans. 
Fairfield:    Redding,  Evans.     Nevt   Haven:    Beacon   Falls      ifu. 
and  Naugatuck,  Evans. /iff  f^^-^-r^  "^""^^  '"^^foi)^    Vito^ — -t**^  is';") 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alaska,  ancf^ith  to  North  Carolina  and 
Washington ;  Europe ;  Asia.     (^I^J'^^^^jTiTT'TN 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171.         ^ ^-^         ^  L>^ 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  65 

Lepidozia  Dumort. 

1.  Leaves  divided  to  the  middle  or  a  little  beyond  into  three 

or  four  triangular  lobes   L.  reptans 

Leaves    divided    almost    to    the    base    into    three    or    four 
setaceous  divisions 2 

2.  Underleaves   of  stem   mostly   quadrifid   with   subequal   di- 

visions;  bracts   mostly  trifid   or   quadrifid L.  setacea 

Underleaves  of  stem  mostly  trifid,  one  or  two  of  the  di- 
visions regularly  aborted;  bracts  mostly  bifid.  . .  .L.  sylvatica 

Lepidozia  reptans  (L.)  Dumort.  <c5$3  ^>*^^'^\^{ 

On  shaded  banks  and  rotten  logs.    May  and  June.    Litch-^-'*jT^'^^^ 
field:    Goshen,   Underwood;  Salisbury,  Evans.     Hartford:     ,    .   ^^ 
Canton,  Nichols.      Windham  :     Windham,  Nichols.      New 
Haven  :    Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Naugatuck, 
Evans;    New   Haven,   /.   A.   Allen;    North    Haven,   Evans;    A)  ^3 1 
Orange   (1877),  J-  ■^-  ^H^n;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge, 
/.  A.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  Virginia,  Minne- 
sota, and  California;  Europe;  Asia.     |5s^  .  ^-^-vX  .    S~C 'y , 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172. 

,■'  -i. , 
Lepidozia  setacea  (Web.)  Mitt.    L.  sphagnicola  Evans.tfco 
In  bogs.    May  and  June.    New  Haven:   Bethany  (1892), 
Evans. 

Range  in  North  America  not  definitely  known ;  Europe ;  ^  '  ^ 

Asia.  i^^^iS* 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  168  (as  L. 

sphagnicola) . 

Ref.     Evans,  20,  308,  pi  162;  28,  172;  30,  186.     ^^  .  -> 

Lepidozia  sylvatica  Evans.    L.  setacea  of  some  authors.  fc5"§ 
On  shaded  banks  and  rotten  logs.    May  and  June.    Hart- 
ford:     Manchester,     Miss    Lorenz.       Tolland:      Stafford, 
Nichols.      Windham  :      Canterbury,    Mrs.    Hadley.      New    J^  ^^^ 
Haven:    East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1866)  Eaton;  Nau- 
gatuck, Evans-;   New  Haven,    Veitch;   Orange,   Eaton;  Ox- 
ford, Harger.     Middlesex:    Killingworth,  Hall. 
New  England  to  Florida. 


66  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Exsic.  Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  85  (as  L. 
setacea) . 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172;  30,  187,  pi  57. 

Blepharostoma  Dumort. 
Blepharostoma  trichophyllum  (L.)  Dumort.    i^\ 
On  shaded  banks  and  rocks,  also  on  rotten  logs.    IMay  and 
June.     Tolland  :    Stafford,  Nichols.     Fairfield  :    Sherman, 
^    Evans.     New  Haven  :    Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  New   Haven, 
\A^        /•   •^-   Allen;    Orange,   Evans.      Middlesex:-    Killingworth 
(1875),  Hall. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  New  Jersey,  Colorado, 
and  California;  Europe;  Asia.      (<UC.  '4-o.<i^ .  ^ '^ S ck  '♦'C-. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Ptilidium  Nees 

Stems  erect  or  ascending;  stem  leaves  distant  or  loosely- 
imbricated P.  ciliare 

Stems  prostrate;    stem  leaves  dfeijsely  irtiiwicated 

P.  pulcherrimum. 

Ptilidium  ciliare  (L.)  Nees.    Blepharo'sia  ciliaris  Dumort.  t^lS* 
On  earth   among  rocks.     May  and  June.      Litchfield: 
Cornwall   and    Goshen,    Underwood.       New    Haven  :     East 
^^>  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1877),  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Miss 
^  Lorcns.    Middlesex  :   Durham,  Evans.    New  London  :   Nor- 

wich, C.  B.  Graves. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  New  England  and  Min- 
nesota; Europe;  Asia.  (J^jlC ^^^*-»^  S'^tTo^^lr-. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172;  32,  44. 

Ptilidium  pulcherrimum  (Web.)  Hampe.  Included  under 
P.  ciliare  by  many  writers.  \<\'\ 

On  shaded  rocks,  trunks  of  trees,  and  rotten  logs ;  rarely 
^■^ti»  on  banks  rich  in  humus.  May  and  June.  Litchfield  :  Corn- 
wall and  Goshen,  Underwood;  New  Milford  and  Salisbury, 
Evans.  Hartford:  Burlington  and  Canton,  Nichols;  Tol- 
land: Ellington,  P^a.y^;  Stafford,  iY/c/10/.y.  Windham:  Can- 
terbury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Redding  and  Sherman, 
Evans.     New  Haven  :    Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Bethany,  Ham- 


No.    II.]  THE   BRVOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  67 

clei%  and  Meriden  (1856),  Eaton;  New  Haven,  North  Haven, 
and  Seymour,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen.  Middlesex: 
Durham,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alaska,  and  south  to  Virginia,  Minnesota, 
and  Montana ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  32,  43. 

Trichocolea  Dumort.^u]rt*>tJ^  {>^  c^^^-mT.    (g^J^ 

Trichocolea  toment^lla  (Ehrh.)  Dumort.  a  02.  *~ 

On  earth  and  banks  in  wooded  swamps.  Litchfield: 
Norfolk,  Miss  Lorcna;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Wind- 
sor, Evans.  Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Eaton.  New  Haven  : 
Beacon  Falls  and  Branford,  Evans;  East  Haven,  Hamden,  M'Xjrr 
and  New  Haven  (1865),  Eaton;  Orange  and  Woodbridge, 
Evans.  Middlesex:  East  Haddam,  C.  B.  Graves;  Killing- 
worth,  Hall,    r^ 

•Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  and  south  to  North  Carolina; 
Europe ;  Asia.    F*-^    '^f^^^  .  ^T^c  . 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    EvanS,  28,  173. 

Diplpphyliibia  Trevis.  <^^  '  i'O— 

Ventral  lobe  apiculate;  monoicous  (autoicous) .  . .  .D.  apiculata 
Ventral  lobe  rounded;  dioicous D.  taxifolia 

Diplophylleia  apiculata  Evans.  Scapania  albicans  var. 
taxifolia  (Wahl.)  Aust.  Scapania  albicans  var.  taxifolia  minor 
Aust.  5fc  ^ 

On  shaded  banks,  more  rarely  on  rocks.  May  and  June. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford: 
Burlington  and  Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Mi^s  Lorenz.  Tol- 
land :  Bolton  and  Vernon,  Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Huntington,  r\  q 
Evans;  Redding,  Howe.  New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Evans; 
Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen;  Madison,  Meriden,  Naugatuck,  North 
Haven,  Orange,  and  Seymour,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 
Middlesex:    Killingworth,  Hall  (1876).    " 

Southern  New  England  to  Georgia.  • 

Exsic.     Miss  Haynes,  Amer.  Hep.  No.  33. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  27,  T,y:^,  pi.  12.    28,  171. 


68  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Diplophylleia  taxifolia  (Wahl.)  Trevis.  •S'^3 

On  shaded  rocks.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1890),  Evans. 
New  Haven  :   Branford,  Evans. 

Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  south  to  New  England,  Idaho, 
and  Washington;  Europe;  Asia.      '^^  •  '*"'*-^  ■   5*0 3. 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Scapania  Dumort. 

1.  Ventral  lobe  obtuse,  acute,  or  apiculate,  mostly  entire....       2 
Ventral  lobe  rounded  3 

2.  Growing  on  earth  or  rocks;  stems  usually  less  than  2  cm. 
long S.  curta 

Growing  in  bogs;  stems  mostly  2-10  cm.  long S.  irrigua 

3.  Growing  on  rocks  or  b^nks;  leaves  mostly  toothed  or 
ciliate    4 

Growing  on  wet  rocks,  usually  in  streams;  leaves  mostly 
entire,  the  dorsal  lobe  arching  beyond  stem;  leaf  cells 
thin-walled   S.  undulata 

4.  Bright  green,  varying  to  yellowish  or  brownish;  dorsal 
lobe  arching  beyond  stem;  leaf  cells  with  uniformly 
thickened  walls  except  near  base;  leaf  margins  mostlj^ 
ciHate S.  nemorosa 

More  or  less  tinged  with  red;  dorsal  lobe  scarcely  arching 
across  stem;  leaf  cells  with  thin  walls  but  with  more 
or   less   evident   trigones;   leaf   margins   mostly   dentate 

S.  dentata 

Scapania  curta   (Mart.)   Dumort.  fco  | 
On  rocks.     New  Haven:    Meriden  (1907),  Miss  Lorena. 
Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Maryland  and  California; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Scapania  irrigua  (Nees)  Dumort.  (00I 
In  bogs.    Litchfield  :  Winchester,  Evans.    New  Haven  : 
Bethany  (1892),  Evans. 

Greenland   to  Alaska,   south   to  New  Jersey   and   British 
A^  Columbia ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  190  (Beth- 
any, F.  Bement,  incorrectly  labeled,  "Lebanon,  Ct"). 
Ref.     Evans,  28,  172.    Miiller,  60,  80. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  69 

Scapania  nemorosa  (L.)  Dumort.  fc'4| 

On  rocks  and  banks.  May  and  June.  Litchfield: 
Goshen,  Undcrzvood;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Hartford, 
Miss  Lorenz;  Southington,  Chamberlain.  Tolland:  Bolton, 
Stafford,  and  Vernon,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Plainfield,  Shel- 
don; Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Bridgeport,  Miss  Lor- 
enz; Huntington,  Evans;  Redding,  Miss  Haynes.  New  /M^I^ 
Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Bethany,  and  Branford,  Evans;  Ham- 
den,  Eaton;  Meriden  and  Naugatuck,  Evans;  New  Haven 
(1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Seymour, 
Evans;  Woodbridge,  Hall.  Middlesex  :  Killingsvorth  and 
Middletown,  Evans.    New  London  :   Norwich,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alaska,  south  to  Georgia,  Louisiana,  and 
California;  Europe.    fhSi  ^-<^--^  -  ^~~  ^  *\  ,  ^ ^^ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  71.    Evans,  28,  172.    Miiller,  60,  173. 

Scapania  dentata  Dumort.  ■5c^/--k  oos  ^  .  i^^cXJ^<^^  ,  '^'^• 
On  damp  rocks.    Hartford:   Burlington  (1908),  Nichols. 
New  England,  Minnesota,  Montana,  British  Columbia,  and  ^|3g"2- 
California;  Europe;  Asia;  range  in  North  America  not  defi- 
nitely known.     QtX .  ^«^^  •  3  2.  "P 

Scapania  undulata  (L.)  Dumort.    i»2.6 

On  wet  rocks,  usually  in  streams.  Litchfield:  Salis- 
bury, Miss  Lorenz.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield  :  Redding,  Mm  Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Beacon 
Falls,  A.  H.  Graves;  Hamden,  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans;  f^\  "3^^ 
Woodbridge  (1878),  7.  A.  Allen.  Middlesex:  Chester, 
Nichols.     New  London  :    Montville,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida,  Missouri,  and  Cali- 
fornia ;  Europe ;  Asia.  ^^  ■  4<^  .  -S  3  3  <x  ,  (-^ . 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  173.    Muller,  60,  133. 

Radula  Dumort. 

I.  Plants  pale  or  bright  green;  ventral  lobes  of  stem  leaves 
not  arching  across  axis,  attached  by  a  long  and  almost 
longitudinal  line;  leaf  cells  thin-walled  throughout  or 
with  very  indistinct  trigones;  monoicous  (usually  paroi- 
cous)     2 


<^' 


70  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

plants  often  tinged  with  brown;  ventral  lobes  of  stem 
leaves  arching  partially  or  whollj-  across  the  axis,  and 
attached  by  a  short  oblique  line;  leaf  cells  with  distinct 

trigones ;  dioicous    R.  tenax 

2.     Subfloral  innovations  usually  none R.  complanata  ' 

Subfloral  innovations  single  or  double R.  obconica 

Radula  complanata  (L.)  Dumort.   ']o'2. 

On  rocks  and  trunks  of  trees.  May  and  June.  Litch- 
field: Goshen,  Underzuood;  New  Milford,  Evans.  Hart- 
ford :  Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
£\o  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Miss  Hayncs;  Sherman, 
Evans.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Harger;  Hamden  and  New 
Haven  (1866),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Orange,  and  Seymour, 
Evans.     Middlesex  :    Killingworth  and  IVIiddlefield,  Evans. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172. 

Quebec  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Cali- 
fornia ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  northern  Africa. 

Radula  obconica  Sull.  ^oc 

On  shaded  rocks  in  ravines.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Evans. 
New  Haven:  Hamden  (1891),  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger. 
Middlesex:    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Connecticut  west  to  Ohio  and  south  to  Georgia. 

Ref.      Evans,  26,  213;  28,  172. 

Radula  tenax  Lindb.  ic  '\  [ 

On  shaded  rocks.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Miss  Lorens; 
Fairfield  :  Redding,  Miss  Hayncs.  New  Haven  :  Bran- 
ford  and  Naugatuck  (1890),  Evans. 

New  England  to  North  Carolina.      '  ' 

Ref.     Evans,  28,  172. 

Porella   (Dill.)   L. 

1.  Ventral   lobes    lingulate-oblong,   closely   appressed    to    the 
stem  or  to  the  dorsal  lobes P.  pinnata 

Ventral  lobes  broadly  ovate  to  oblong 2 

2.  Ventral  lobes  slightly  or  not  at  all  decurrent;  underleaves 
contiguous  or  slightly  imbricated P.  platyphylla 

Ventral  lobes  Jong-decurrent;  underleaves  distant.. P.  rivularis 


'No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OK    CONNECTICUT.  Jl 

Porella  pinnata  L.    Madotheca  Porella  Dumort.  ^It 
On    stones    and    trunks    of   trees,    subject   to   inundation. 
Litchfield:     Goshen,     Underwood.       Hartford:     Granby, 
Nichols.     Fairfield:    Danbury,   Nichols;   Greenwich,    Miss  j^ 

Hayncs;  Redding,  Evans.     New  Haven:    Cheshire,  Nichols;   jN/\H^^ 
East   Haven    (1859),   Eaton;    Hamden,  /.   A.   Allen;    New 
Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford  and  Orange,  Evans.     Mid- 
dlesex :    KilHngworth,  Hall;  Middlefield,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  south  to  Georgia  and  Louisiana ; 

Europe.  ^r    f     t 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  9.  ^±£  Tf*-^  .  i'a.<-f 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172. 
/  I)    %vvx.^  r.   *    i  SS 

Porella  platyphylla   (L.)   Lindb.     Madotheca  platyphylla 
Dumort.  1X) 

On  shaded  rocks  and  trunks  of  trees.     May  and  June. 
Litchfield:    Goshen,   Underwood;  New  Milford  and  SaHs-  „ 

bury,  Evans.     Hartford  :    Southington,  Chamberlain;  Wind-  ^  • 

sor,  W.  E.  Britton.    Tolland:   Bolton,  Stafford,  and  Vernon,      ^,-^ 
Nichols.     Windham  :    Canterbury,   Mrs.   Hadley;   KilHngly,       * 
Rounds;     Plainfield,    Sheldon;    Windham,    Nichols.       Fair- 
field:   Danbury,  Eaton;  Redding,  Miss  Haynes;  Sherman,  ^ 
Evans.     New  Haven:    Bethany,  East  Haven,  and  Hamden     j^HV^ 
(1858).,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Evans;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange, 
Evans;   Oxford,   Harger.      jMiddlesex  :     Kilhngworth,    Hall. 
New  London  :  East  Lyme,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  west  to  Alaska  and  south  to  Georgia  and  Mis- 
souri ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  northern  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  28,  172.    Howe,  47,  522. 

Porella  rivularis  (Nees)  Trevis.  ^31  ^c^t\JicjL<^<-*^<j<.\'^**^'^) 
On  shaded  rocks.    New  Haven  :   Cheshire  (1856),  £a^o;L     ctKv*-, . 
Connecticut  and  Ohio,  south  to  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  V 

west  to  California,  British  Columbia,  and  Alaska;  Europe.        '  ' 
Ref.     Barbour,  6,  35.     Evans,  28,  172.     Howe,  47,  520. 

Cololejeunea  (Spruce)   Schiffn. 
Cololejeunea    Biddlecomiae    (Aust.)     Evans.      Lejeunea 
echinata  and  L.  calcarea  of  some  authors.  ?,n^  ^  *\^  ^ 


72  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

On  rocks  and  trees.  May  and  June.  Litchfield  :  Goshen, 
Underwood;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Manchester  and 
West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Fairfield:  Sherman,  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  Bethany,  Evans;  Hamden  (1877)  and  New 
Haven,  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  England  to  Ontario,  south  to  Florida  and  Alabama. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.     Evans,  25,  169;  28,  171. 

"T/  V  Lejeunea  Libert  ^a^ 

Lejeunea  cavifolia  (Ehrh.)  Lindb.    L.  serpyllifolia  Libert. 

On  shaded  rocks  and  trees.  May  and  June.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Redding  and  Trumbull, 
Evans.  New  Haven  :  Branford,  Evans;  Hamden  and  New 
>f\^  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Sey- 
mour, Evans.  Middlesex:  Killingworth  (1875),  Hall;  Mid- 
dletown,  Evans. 

New  England  west  to  Ontario  and  Minnesota  and  south 
to  Pennsylvania;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  70.    Evans,  25,  152;  28,  171. 

Lfeucolejeunea  Evans 

Leucolejeunea  cl5rpeata  (Schwein.)  Evans.  Phragmi- 
coma  clypeata  Nees.    Archilejeunea  clypeata  Schiffn.  c^\\ 

On  rocks  and  trees.  May  and  June.  Litchfield:  New 
Milford  and  Salisbury,  Evans.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Evans. 
New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Harger;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meri- 
den.  Miss  Lorens;  New  U^ven  and  North  Haven,  Evans; 
Oxford,  Harger;  Seymour  and  Woodbridge,  Evans.  Mid- 
dlesex:   Killingworth  (1875),  Hall. 

Southern  New  England  and  New  York,  south  to  Georgia 
and  Louisiana. 

Ref.  Barbour,  7,  29.  Eaton,  15,  70.  Evans,  25,  124,  pi. 
16,  f.  i-ii;  28,  171. 

Jubula  Dumort. 
^        Jubula   pennsylvanica    (Steph.)    Evans.       Friillania   and 
^^ 'Jubula  Hutchinsia  of  some  authors.  nc^-\  ^r 


f^. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  73 

On  damp,  often  dripping,  rocks.  Litchfield:  Goshen, 
Underwood;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Windsor,  Evans. 
Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Miss 
Haynes.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  Cheshire,  Evans; 
Derby,  /.  A.  Allen;  Hamden  (1866),  Eaton;  Naugatuck, 
Evans;  Woodbridge,  Hall.    Middlesex  :    Middletown,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 

Exsic.  Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  100  (as 
/.  Hutchinsia:  var.  Sullivantii) .  Miss  Haynes,  Amer.  Hep. 
No.  34.     Q^-4^^..^c^ 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  171 ;  31,  56. 

Frullania  Raddi 

1.  Ventral  lobes  about  as  broad  as  long;  leaves  without  ocelli      2 
Ventral   lobes   distinctly   longer   than   broad;   leaves   with 

ocelli    ^ 6 

2.  Underleaves  cordate  at  base F.  plana 

Underleaves  not  cordate  at  base 3 

3.  Leaves  strongly  squarrose  when  moist F.  squarrosa 

Leaves  scarcely  or  not  at  all  squarrose 4 

4.  Ventral  lobes  usually  explanate F.  riparia 

Ventral  lobes  usually  inflated 5 

5.  Underleaves  dentate  or  crenate  above  the  middle.  .F.  Brittoniae 
Underleaves  entire  or  unidentate  on  the  sides.. F.  eboracensis 

6.  Dorsal  lobes  rounded  or  very  obtuse F.  Asagrayana 

Dorsal  lobes  more  or  less  sharp-pointed F.  Tamarisci 

Frullania  riparia  Hampe.  1*1*^ 

On  shaded  rocks,  especially  limestone.  Litchfield:  New 
Milford,  Evans;  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Sherman 
and  Trumbull  (1891),  Evans.    New  Haven:  Orange,  Evans,    i  ]^ 

New  England  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Tennessee;  Europe; 
Asia. 

Ref.     Evans,  22,  pi.  5,  f.  j,  4,  5;  2Z,  lyi. 


Frullania  squarrosa  (R.  Bl.  &  N.)  Dumort. 
On  rocks  and  trees.     New  Haven:    East  Haven   (1890), 
Evans,  m  t 


P\0 


74  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Connecticut  to  Ohio,  and  south  into  the  tropics  of  South 
America;  Asia;  Africa;  AustraHa. 

Ref.     Barbour,  5,  4.     Evans,  22,  15;  28,  171. 

Frullania  Brittoniae  Evans.  1  i  ^ 

On  rocks  and  trees.     May  and  June.     Litchfield:    New 
Milford,  Evans.    New  Haven  :    Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meri- 
den,  Evans;  New  Haven  (1866),  Eaton. 
^AO  New  England  west  to  IlHnois,  south  to  Virginia. 

Ref.     Barbour,  5,  5.    Evans,  22,  16,  pi.  7,  /.  1-12;  28,  171. 

Frullania  eboracensis  Gottsche.  Including  F.  virginica 
Gottsche.1'l\ 
-vav^^*'^  On  trees  and  rocks.  May  and  June.  Litchfield:  Corn- 
if"^  wall,  Green;  Goshen,  Underwood;  New  Milford  and  Salis- 
v^  bury,  Evans.  Tolland:  Stafford  and  Vernon,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Plainfield,  Sheldon. 
Fairfield:  Greenwich,  Miss  Haynes;  Huntington,  Nichols; 
Sherman,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Bethany,  Evans;  East 
A,0  Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden,  Hall;  Milford,  Harger;  New  Haven 
(1866),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Eaton; 
Oxford,  Harger ;_  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Chester 
and  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton,  C.  B. 
Graves;  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Manitoba,  south  to  Florida. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.     Evans,  28,  171 ;  32,  44. 

Frullania  plana  Sull.  1  Ho 
K  On   shaded   rocks.     New   Haven:    Woodbridge    (1890), 

\         Evans. 

Connecticut   and   New   York,   south   to   New  Jersey  and 
Tennessee. 

Ref.     Barbour,  4,  5.    Evans,  22,  20;  28,  171. 

^0  Frullania     Asagrayana     Mont.       Sometimes     called     F. 

^f  t        Graxana.  1  ^l 


y. 


On  rocks  and  trees.    Litchfield  :   New  Milford  and  Salis- 
bury, Evans.    Tolland  :  Stafiford,  Nichols.    Windham  :  Can- 


I^\HH'S 


No.    II.]  THE    BRVOI'HYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  75 

terbury,  Mrs.  Hadlcy.  Fairfield:  Redding  and  Sherman, 
Evans.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Madison,  and  Meriden, 
Evans;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange  and  Woodbridge, 
Harger.     Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Hall. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  south  to  Georgia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.     Evans,  28,  171. 

Frullania  Tamarisci  (L.)  Dumort.  1*^^ 

On  rocks  and  trees.  New  Haven:  Seymour  (1904), 
Evans. 

Newfoundland  to  Connecticut;  Europe;  Asia.  Range  not 
definitely  known  in  North  America. 

Ref.     Evans,  33,  72. 

ORDER    ANTHOCEROTALES 
FAMILY  ANTHOCEROTACE.^ 

Capsule  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  basal  sheath;  wall 
without  stomata Notothylas 

Capsule  projecting  far  beyond  the  basal  sheath;  wall  with 
distinct  stomata    Anthoceros 

Notothylas  Sull. 

Notothylas  orbicularis  (Schwein.)  Sull.    N'.  valvata  Sull. 

On  moist  soil.  Aug.-Nov.  Litchfield:  Goshen,  Under- 
wood. New  Haven  :  Cheshire  and  East  Haven,  Evans;  Ham- 
den  (1877)  and  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans. 
Middlesex:  Middlefield,  Evans.  New  London:  Norwich, 
Setchell. 

New  England  to  Indiana,  south  to  North  Carolina;  South 
America  (Galapagos  Islands);  Europe.    ^3^«'V. '^iju»yf«-^,v-f-^  \-t  • 

Exsic.     Underwood  &  Cook,  Hep.  Amer.  No.  65. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.     Evans,  28,  173.     Howe,  48,  22. 

Anthoceros    (Mich.)    L. 

Spores  yellow  A.  levis 

Spores  dark  brown  or  black A.  punctatus 

Anthoceros  levis  L. 

On  moist  ground  and  damp  or  wet  rocks.  Aug.-Nov. 
Litchfield  :    Goshen,   Undcrzvood.     New  Haven  :    Hamden 

=»  M  -i  X  )      Qjcn^   Ra^<  ^  Ltit^  ^^\-^   M♦^<^rt, 


76  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

(1855),  Eaton;  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  North  Branford, 
Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex: 
Cromwell,  Evans.     New  London  :    Lisbon,  Mrs.  Hadley. 

New  England  and  Ontario,  south  to  the  Gulf  States  and 
Mexico  and  west  to  Iowa;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  69.    Evans,  28,  173. 

Anthoceros  punctatus  L. 

On  damp  ground.  Aug.-Nov.  Litchfield:  Goshen, 
Underwood.  Windham  :  Plainfield,  Sheldon.  New  Haven  : 
East  Haven,  North  Branford,  and  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford, 
i/ar^^r;  Woodbridge  (1879),  7.  ^.  ^//^-w.  Middlesex:  Mid- 
dlefield,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ohio,  south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana; 
Europe. 

Ref,     Evans,  28,  173.     Howe,  48,  16. 

[Subclass  Musci] 

ORDER   SPHAGNALES 

FAMILY   SPHAGNACE^ 

Sphagnum  (Dill.)   L. 

1.  Cortical  cells  of  stem  and  branches  without  spiral  fibrils; 

branch  leaves  mostly  truncate  and  toothed  or  fringed  at 

the  apex    3 

Cortical  cells  of  stem  and  branches  with  spiral  fibrils  and 
pores;  branch  leaves  densely  imbricated,  cucullate  at  the 
apex,  not  truncate,  entire   (Cymbifolia,  p.  80) 28 

2.  Branches  in  fascicles  of  3-6 3 

Branches  in  fascicles  of  7-14;  chlorophyll  cells  of  branch 

leaves  elliptical  in  cross  section  and  enclosed  toward 
both  surfaces  of  the  leaf  by  the  hyaline  cells*  (Polyclada, 
p.  81) S.  Wulfianum 

3.  Chlorophyll  cells  mostly  triangular  to  trapezoidal  in  cross 

section,  either  free  at  both  surfaces  of  the  leaf  or 
enclosed  toward  one  leaf  surface  by  the  hyaline  cells, 
but  always  with  the  base  free  toward  one  of  the  two 
leaf   surfaces    4 


*  What  is  said  here  regarding  the  form  and  position  of  the  chlorophyll  cells 
refers  always  to  median  cross  sections  of  leaves  taken  from  the  middle  of  one  of 
the  spreading  branches. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  TJ 

Chlorophyll  cells  elliptical,  spindle-shaped,  or  rectangular 
in  cross  section,  not  triangular  or  trapezoidal  (except  in 
S.  dasyphyllutu)   20 

4.  Base  toward  the  inner  surface  of  the  leaf;   hyaline  cells 

strongly  convex  toward  the  outer  surface;  branch  leaves 

erect  (Acutifolia,  p.  83) 5 

Base  toward  the  outer  surface  of  the  leaf;  hyaline  cells 
usually  strongly  convex  toward  the  inner  surface 13 

5.  Stem  leaves  lacerate-fringed  at  the  broadly  rounded  apex, 

without  fibrils    6 

Stem  leaves  more  or  less  truncate  and  toothed  at  the  apex, 
not   fringed    7 

6.  Stem  leaves  broadened   above,  spatulate,  apex  and  upper 

margins  fringed;  monoicous   S.  fimbriatum 

Stem  leaves  not  broadened  above,  Ungulate,  fringed  only 
at  the  apex;  dioicous   S.  Girgensohnii 

7.  Stem  leaves  lingulate,  fibrils  usually  absent,  though  some- 

times present  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaf 8 

Stem  leaves  triangularly  lingulate  to  equilaterally  tri- 
angular, usually  with  fibrils   lO 

8.  Plants  usually  red,  never  brown 9 

Plants  usually  brown,  never  red;  pores  as  in  5".  Warnstorfii; 

stem  leaves  without  fibrils S.  fuscum 

9.  Pores  present  on  outer  surface  of  the  branch  leaves,  small, 

round,  and  situated  in  the  cell  angles;    stem  leaves  with- 
out fibrils    S.  Warnstorfii 

Pores  present  on  outer  surface  of  the  lower  branch  leaves, 
large,  more  or  less  semicircular,  and  situated  along  the 
lateral  margins  of  the  cells;  stem  leaves  frequently  with 

fibrils     S.  rubellum 

ID.  Branch  leaves  when  dry  distinctly  s-ranked;.  outer  wall  of 
cortical  cells  in  stem  often  with  irregular  pores  in  the 
upper  ends  of  the  cells S.  qiiinquefarium 

Branch  leaves  when  dry  not  arranged  in  distinct  rows.  ...      11 

11.  Stem    leaves    with    fibrils    and    pores;    branch    leaves    not 

glossy  when   dry    12 

Stem  leaves  mostly  without  fibrils  or  pores;  branch  leaves 
glossy  when  dry ;  cortical  cells  of  stem  seldom  with 
pores;    hyaline   cells   of   stem   leaves    usually  2-6-septate 

S.  subnitens 

12.  Outer  wall  of  cortical  cells  in  stem   often  with  irregular 

pores  in  the   upper  ends   of   the   cells;    hyaline   cells   of 
stem  leaves  not  divided,  or,  if  so,  uniseptate.  .S.  acutifolium 
Cortical  cells  in  stem  without  pores;  hyaline  cells  of  stem 
leaves  copiously  divided  by  oblique  walls S.  tenerum 


78  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

13.  Chlorophyll   cells   narrowly  trapezoidal   or   rectangular   in 

cross  section,  free  at  both  surfaces,  but  with  the  surface 

walls  strongly  thickened  (Squarrosa,  p.  81) 14 

Chlorophyll  cells  with  the  free  walls  scarcely,  if  at  all, 
thickened;  branch  leaves  erect-spreading*  (Cuspidata,  p. 
82)    15 

14.  Plants  large,  monoicous;  branch  leaves  mostly  squarrose 

from  the  middle  S.  squarrosum 

Plants  medium-sized,  dioicous;  branch  leaves  more  or  less 
imbricated,  not  squarrose   S.  teres 

15.  Chlorophyll  cells  triangular  in  cross  section,  often  enclosed 

toward  the  inner  leaf  surface  by  the  hyaline  cells 17 

Chlorophyll  cells  trapezoidal  in  cross  section  and  free  on 
both   surfaces    16 

16.  Pores   numerous    on   outer   surface    of   the   branch    leaves, 

frequently  large  and  usually  in  rows S.  Dusenii 

Pores  mostly  lacking  on  outer  surface  of  the  branch 
leaves,  when  present,  small  and  restricted  to  the  angles 
of  the   cells    S.  cuspidatum 

17.  Cortex  well  differentiated  from  the  central  strand 18 

Cortex  not  well  differentiated  from  the  central  strand....      19- 

18.  Stem  leaves  lacerate-fringed  at  the  apex S.  Pulchricoma 

Stem  leaves  toothed  at  the  apex S.  Torreyanum 

19.  Pores  on  outer  surface  of  the  branch  leaves  in  the  apical 

half  restricted  to  the  angles   of  the  cells S.  recurvum 

Pores  on  outer  surface  of  the  branch  leaves  in  the  apical 
half  occurring  in  the  angles  and  also  along  the  lateral 
margins    of   the    cells S.  parvifolium 

20.  Chlorophyll  cells  enclosed  toward  one  or  both  surfaces  of 

the  leaf  by  the  hyaline  cells,  elliptical  or  spindle-shaped 
in    cross    section;    branch    leaves    squarrose    from    the 

middle  (Rigida,  p.  81 ) 21 

Chlorophyll  cells  free  toward  both  surfaces  of  the  leaf; 
branch  leaves  more  or  less  secund  or  falcate  (Sub- 
SECUNDA,  p.  85) 22 

21.  Chlorophyll  cells  elliptical   in  cross  section   and   enclosed 

toward    both    leaf    surfaces    by    the    hyaline    cells 

S.  compactum 
Chlorophyll    cells     spindle-shaped    in    cross    section     and 
enclosed    toward    the   inner    surface   of   the   leaf   by   the 
hyaline    cells;    the    outer    wall    free,    but    very    strongly 
thickened S,   Garberi 


•  S.  dasyphyllum  may  be  looked   for  here. 


No,  H^H^^Il?.   BRYOFHYTES    CV  CONNECTICUT.  79 

22.  Chlorophyll  cells  trapezoidal  in  cross  section;  the  walls 
not  thickened,  and  the  broad  base  toward  the  outer 
surface  of  tbe  leaf;  hyaline  cells  strongly  convex  toward 

the  inner  surface   S.  dasyphyllum 

Chlorophyll  cells  barrel-shaped  to  rectangular  in  cross 
section,  equally  free  toward  both  surfaces,  and  with  the 

free  walls  usually  thickened    23 

2^.     Cortex  of  stem  consisting  of  2-several  layers  of  cells....     24 
Cortex  of  stem  consisting  of  one  layer  of  cells 25 

24.  Stem    leaves    small,    not    more    than    i    mm.    long,    fibrils 

present   only  near  the   apex;   branch   leaves   secund.... 

S.  contortum 
Stem  leaves  larger,  1.5-2  mm.  long,  fibrils  usually  abundant 
throughout;  branch  leaves  not  secund S.  platyphyllum 

25.  Branch    leaves    with    many    pores,    at    least    on    the    outer 

surface;  pores  frequently  in  bead-like  rows 26 

Branch  leaves  with  very  few  or  no  pores S.  obesum 

26.  Pores  few  or  lacking  on  the  inner  surface 27 

Pores  numerous  on  both  surfaces,  especially  on  the  outer; 

stem  leaves' 1-2  mm.  long S,  rufescens 

2y.     Stem    leaves    less    than    i    mm.    long,    hyaline   cells    rarely 

septate    S.   subsecundum, 

Stem    leaves    1-1.5   mm.    long,    hyaline    cells   often    septate 

S.  inundatum 

28.  Chlorophyll    cells    of    branch    leaves    usually    free    toward 

both  surfaces  of  the  leaf 29 

Chlorophyll  cells  of  branch  leaves  enclosed  by  the  hyaline 
cells,  equidistant  from  both  surfaces  of  the  leaf,  and 
elliptical  in  cross  section;  hyaline  cells  smooth  or 
faintly  papillose  on  the  lateral  walls S.  medium 

29.  Chlorophyll  cells  triangular  or  trapezoidal  in  cross  section, 

the  base  toward  the  inner  surface  of  the   leaf  and  not 
thickened;    hyaline    cells    strongly    convex    toward    the 

outer  surface  30 

Chlorophyll  cells  more  or  less  elliptical  in  cross  section, 
cell  cavity  almost  central,  and  both  surface  walls 
strongly  thickened;  hyaline  cells  more  strongly  convex 
toward   the  outer   surface   of  the   leaf  than  toward   the 

inner   surface,  and  papillose   on   the   lateral   walls 

S.  papillosum 

30.  Chlorophyll  cells  broadly  triangular  to  trapezoidal;  hyaline 

cells  with  irregular  bands  of  thickening  on  the   lateral 

walls    S.  imbricatum 

Chlorophyll  cells  narrowly  triangular;  hyaline  cells  smooth 
on   the   lateral   walls S.   cymbifolium 


jc*.4*,«*-  y^i,*t^ -yC    <^-»'-<^<--c^^.«^i,     ->^^.    UAd^U-oJ^^     KU^.ii''     3_4^«^C^ 

rf-'  3T'>^f,.       /^v<N-*   uy»K   .>«V.  c„Ja^  . 

80  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND  NAT ;  HIS'^.   SURVEY.        [Bull. 

tWxJ.ia.c^  ^...^  o^  i^---^  ^*^-<^  -^c/^  i-'-^-^,  ^^l^. 
,,v  la,  •.  10  :  (I  ^H      ^t"^*-*^-*^  -  Cymbifolia    u,ciE»,V^>^u<:  Vu^-M  37.'/^'^ 

Sphagnum  imbricatum  HomscJh.. 

Hartford  :  Canton,  Nichols.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Thompson,  Miller.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven 
and  New  Haven  (1891),  Evans.  New  London:  Voluntown, 
Miller. 

Var.  affine  (Ren.  &  Card.)  Warnst. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  East  Haven  (1875),  Eaton; 
Hamden,  New  Haven,  North  Haven,  Orange,  and  Wood- 
bridge,  Evans.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New. 
London  :    Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Var.  subleve  Warnst. 

Litchfield  ?  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  New 
Haven  (1891),  Evans. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  Louisi- 
ana ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No,  154  (var. 
aMne). 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62. 

Sphagnum 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Ellington, 
Pease.  Fairfield:  Norwalk,  Harger.  New  Haven:  Beth- 
any and  Branford,  Eaton;  East  Haven  and  Hamden,  Evans; 
New  Haven  (1878),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  New  Lon- 
don :   Waterford,  Mm  Lorens. 

Var.  squarrosulum  Nees  &  Hornsch.    Sj«-i.  U]X.y<;u  j?  .<^'^^^'-*<. 

New  Haven:  Branford,  Eaton;  East  Haven  (1891), 
Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida 
and  British  Columbia;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  156,  157 
(var.  glaucescens) ,  i6q,  and  161  (var.  pallescens). 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

'A'b       ^^i'^^"' Sphagnum  papillosum  Lindb. 

^^^  Tolland  :    Stafford,  Nichols.     New  Haven  :    East  Haven 

V<^"  ■    (1891),  Evans. 


:ews,  I,  o^i. 

cymbifolium  Ehrh.    C-  f  *2**^  LA 

1:     Salisbury,   Nichols.     Tolland:     ElHi 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOrHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT, 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  Alabama 
and  Washington ;  Europe. 

Sphagnum  medium  Limpr.  (^-    /uixo'i^oLcj^^^^.*.**.*^^  V^«^. 

Litchfield:     Salisbury,    Nichols.      Tolland:     Stafford, 
Nichols.      Windham:     Thompson,    Miller.      New    Haven:  ilT* 
Bethany,  Hamden,  and  New  Haven  (1890),  Evans;   ^'^^^^^^^^'^i^^^T^^, 
Harger.     New  London  :  Ledyard,  C.  B.  Graves.  J 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida; 
South  America ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  166 
(var.  roseum),  i6y  (var.  purpurascens) ,  and  168  (var.  versi- 
color) . 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63. 

RiGIDA 

Sphagnum  compactum  DC. 

In  wet  woods.  New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls  (1907), 
Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia ;  Madeira  Islands. 

Sphagnum  Garberi  Lesq.  &  James  var.  squarrosulum 
Warn  St.  *  -     S .  ^>H\,  cXU>uu^  ^K^JJi  . 

New  Haven  :  Naugatuck  (igos),  Evans. 
Newfoundland  to  Florida;  Europe. 

Polyclada 

Sphagnum  Wulfianum  Girgens. 

In  swampy  woods.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1907), 
Nichols;  Winchester,  Miss  Lorens. 

Greenland  to  Connecticut,  westward  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

SgUARkbSA 

Sphagnum  squarrosum  Pers.  var.  speclablie  Russ. 
Deep  wooded  swamps.      Litchfield:    Salisbury    (1907), 
Nichols.'^ 


*  S.   squarrosum    was   reported   from    Hamden   by    Hall    in   the    Berzelius    List 
(Eaton,  15,  68),  but  the  specimens  have  been  lost  sight  of. 
6 


82  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe;  Asia;  Azores. 

Sphagnum  teres  (Schimp.)  Aongstr. 

Tolland:  Bolton  (1906),  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire, 
Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

CUSPIDATA 

Sphagnum  Pulchriccma  C.  Miill. 
"^  New  London:  Ledyard  (1884),  C.  B.  Graves;  Voluntown, 

Miller. 

Connecticut  to  Florida  and  Louisiana ;  South  America ; 
Africa. 

"^    _    Sphagnum  Torreyanum  Sull.   6^.  cuspidatum  var.  Torrey- 
E^ltV  .p-c<^(ifin.yfi  Braithw.  and  var.  miquelonense  Ren.  &  Card. 

New  Haven:  Branford  (1891),  Evans.  New  London: 
Voluntown,  Miller. 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.  ^^  -^     ^tk\«'i.) 

''o--^  ^^^7 Sphagnum  recurvum  ^€aHv.     -    S.  o^|/^CaaJ-^^Xuxwv\//. /^d^ir- 
^^  Litchfield:      Salisbury,    Nichols;    Woodbury,    Harger. 

o    _^^^^^:7New   Haven:     East   Haven   and   Hamden    (1891),   Evans; 
"C^         Oxford,  Harger.  .     - 

^^^Jl<Vfr^  Var.  amblyphyllum  (Russ.)  Warnst.  -^  --^W*- .  tv^  • '— ttj /'^  •  "*'». 
vP*^  Litchfield:   Salisbury,  Mc/10/.y.     New  Haven -.    Bethany, 

.       Evans;  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Exsic.      Eaton   &   Faxon,    Sphag.    Bor.-Amer.    Nos.    104 
(var,  mucronatum)  and  107  (var.  amblyphyllum) .    Warnstorf, 
Eur.  Torfm.    Scrie  IV,  No.  263  (var.  mucronatum). 
Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63. 

Sphagnum  parvifolium  (Sendt.)  Warnst.    luft  4^^^'^  "*  ^•'^ 
,  Litchfield:    Salisbury   (1907),  Nichols.         (^^^I^^^IT^^ 

Probablv  has  the  same  range  as  S.  recurvum.    ^ ^  ' ' 

K 


>N'  I/O.       ^y 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  83 

Sphagnum  Dusenii  C.  Jens. 

Litchfield:    Salisbury  (1907),  Nichols. 
Newfoundland  and  Quebec  to  Connecticut  and  New  York ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Sphagnum  cuspidatum  Ehrh. 

Frequently  submerged.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols; 
Woodbury,  Harger.  New  Haven  :  Bethany,  Eaton;  East 
Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1880),  O.  D.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger. 

Var.  falcatum  Russ.  1^*^v-.  ^  iV^^tf..  ^.  ^^-^ 

New  Haven:     Bethany  and  Hamden  (1892),  Evans. 

Var.  plumosum  Nees  &  Hornsch.  "^a^^*..  ^  (l  ■  c  ■  [j.'^'f 

New  Haven:   Bethany  and  Hamden  (1891),  Evans. 

Newfoundland  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  93  (var. 
Jalcatum) ,  96  (var.  submersum),  and  97  (var.  plumosum) . 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.  

Acutifolia 

Sphagnum  fimbriatum  Wils. 

New  Haven:    Hamden  (1891),  Evans. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
South  America;  Europe;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  11  (var. 
tenue). 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62. 

Sphagnum  Girgensohnii  Russ. 

Litchfield:  Norfolk  (1875),  Eaton;  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
New  Haven  :   Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.     Cardot,  11,  305. 

Sphagnum  rubellum  Wils.  S.  tenellum  (Schimp.) 
Klinggr. 

Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Bethany 
(1892),  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger. 


^-J*^ 


84  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Connecticut,  westward  to 
Alaska ;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  29  and  31 
(van  versicolor) . 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63.     Cardot,  11,  409.     Eaton,  18,  3. 

Sphagnum  Warnstorfii  Russ. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven:    Hamden  (1891),  Evans;  Middlebury,  Harger. 

Newfoundland  to  Connecticut,  westward  to  the  Pacific; 
Europe. 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63.     Cardot,  11,  419. 

Sphagnum  fuscum   (Schimp.)   Klinggr. 
New  Haven:    New  Haven  (1893),  Eaton. 
Canada  and  the  northern  United  States;  Europe. 
ExsiC'.     Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  35. 
Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.    Eaton,  18,  3. 

Sphagnum  quinquefarium   (Lindb.)  Warnst. 
New  Haven:   Hamden  and  New  Haven  (1890),  Evans. 
Newfoundland  to  Connecticut,  and  southward  along  the 
Alleghany  Mountains;  Europe. 

Ref.     Cardot,  11,  366.     Eaton,  18,  3. 

Sphagnum  subnitens  Russ.  &  Warnst. 

New  Haven:  Hamden  (1891),  Evans;  New  Haven, 
Eaton. 

Var.  flavicomans  (Card.)  Warnst.    -  C.-^^^o^Ccw.,.*.*^ 
J  New   Haven:    Bethany,   East  Haven    (1891),  and   New 

Haven,  Evans. 

Newfoundland  to  New  Jersey;  Alaska;  Azores;  Europe; 
Asia;  the  variety  found  only  in  North  America. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  51  (var. 
Uavicomans)  and  54  (var.  ohscurum). 

Ref.  Andrews,  i,  62,  (var.  Havicomans) .  Cardot,  11, 
399- 


•y^ 


"> 


No.    II.l  TliK    BRVOPIIYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  .  85      I 

Sphagnum  tenerum  (Aust.)  Warnst.         (c^^»-"-)  ^^"^ 

New  Haven:    East  Haven  and  Hamden  (1891),  Evans;        -^ 
New  Haven,  Eaton. 

Newfoundland  to  New  Jersey;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  60. 
Warnstorf,  Eur.  Torfm.  Serie  IV,  No.  363. 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63.    Cardot,  11,  410. 

Sphagnum  acutifolium  Ehrh. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Mrs.  Phelps.    Hartford:    Canton,         a 
Nichols.    Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.    New  Haven  :  Bethany, 
Eaton;    Branford,  East  Haven,  and  Hamden,  Evans;    New 
Haven  (1865),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 

Throughout  North  America ;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  40  (var. 
rubrum),  44  (var.  versicolor),  48  (var.  viride),  and  50  (var. 
roseum ) . 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62. 

SUBSECUNDA 

Sphagnum  dasyphyllum  Warnst. 

New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1891),  Evans.  This  is  the 
only  known  locality. 

Exsic.     Warnstorf,  Eur.  Torfm.  Serie  IV,  No.  338. 

Ref.  Andrews,  i,  62.  Cardot,  11,  287.  Eaton,  18,  7. 
Paris,  61,  1189;  62*,  273.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  65,  68.  Warn- 
storf, 78,  176. 

Sphagnum  obesum   (Wils.)   Warnstr^^^J^^TB^^^^ 

Usually  submerged  or  floating,     Litchfield:  Woodbury,,^  u..Jfi 
Harger.      New    Haven:     Branford     (1891)    and    Hamden,       " 
Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 

New  Hampshire  to  Virginia;  Europe. 

Exsic.     Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  127. 

Ref.    Andrews,  i,  6^.    Cardot,  11,  344.    Paris,  62*,  289. 

Sphagnum  contortum  Schultz.     6".  laricinum  Spruce. 

Litchfield  :  Woodbury,  Harger.  New  Haven  :  New 
Haven  (1891),  North  Branford,  and  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford, 
Harger;  Prospect,  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 


86  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvania  and  probably  southward; 
Europe. 

Exsic.     Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  141. 
Ref.     Andrews,  i,  62.     Cardot,  11,  320. 

Sphagnum  platyphyllum  (Lindb.)  Warnst. 
New  Haven:    New  Haven  (1891),  Evans. 
Massachusetts  to  Ohio;  Europe. 
Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63. 

Sphagnum  subsecundum  Nees. 

Tolland:  Ellington  (i8y6),  Pease.  Windham:  Thomp- 
son, Miller.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven: 
Branford,  Cheshire,  East  Haven,  Hamden,  and  Orange,  Evans; 
Oxford,  Eaton. 

Newfoundland  to  Ohio  and  Alabama ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  130  (var. 
macro phyllum)  and  134  (var.  mesophyllum). 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63. 

Sphagnum  inundatum  Russ.    :^«--'^^i>*—   (fiu.^)   Uha^ 
-j^v  Litchfield:     Salisbury,    Nichols.      Tolland:     Staflfora, 

r^^^^ANichols.     Fairfield:    Stratford    (1906),  Nichols.     Middle- 
sex :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Range  probably  the  same  as  that  of  S.^subsecnndum. 

Sphagnum  rufescens  (Nees  &  Hornsch.)     Warnst. 
Frequently   submerged.     New  Haven:    Hamden    (1891) 
and  New  Haven,  Evans;  Oxford,  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 
Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Alabama ;  Europe. 
Exsic.    Eaton  &  Faxon,  Sphag.  Bor.-Amer.  Nos.  142  and 

143- 

Ref.     Andrews,  i,  63.     Eaton,  18,  7. 

ORDER  andre.^:ales 

FAMILY    ANDRE/EACE^ 

Andreaea  Ehrh. 

Midrib  present  A.  Rothii 

.Midrib  wanting  A.  petrophila 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPIiVrES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  8/ 

Andreaea  petrophila  Ehrh. 

On  non-calcareous  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions. 
Summer.  Hartford:  Bloomfield,  Miss  Lorcnz.  New 
Haven:  Meriden,  Miss  Lorens;  Woodbridge  (1878),  /.  A. 
Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
South  America ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Tasmania ;  New  Zealand. 

Andreaea  Rothii  Web.  f.  &  Mohr. 

On  non-calcareous  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions. 
Summer.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Beacon  Falls,  Evans;  Branford,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger; 
.Woodbridge  (1887),  Setchell. 

Newfoundland  to  Alabama  and  Tennessee ;  Greenland ; 
Europe. 

Exsic.    Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.    No.  153. 

ORDER  BRYALES 

Sporophyte  borne  at  the  apex  of  the  stem  or  of  a  more 

or   less    elongated   branch acrocarpi,  p.  87 

Sporophyte  borne  on  a  very  short  branch,  .pleurocarpi,  p.  91 

[Acrocarpi] 

1.  Capsule  almost  never  opening  by  means  of  a  lid 2 

Capsule  opening  by  means  of  a  clearly  defined  lid 8 

2.  Green  protonema  persistent;  plants  fruiting  in  autumn.  .  .  . 

Ephemerum,  p.  116 
Green  protonema  not  persistent;  plants  fruiting  in  spring       3 

3.  Spores    few    (16-20)    and    very   large,    sometimes   0.2   mm. 

in  diameter   Archidium,  p.  95 

Spores  numerous  and  small,  rarely  more  than  0.05  mm.  in 

diameter    4 

4.  Leaf  margins  plane  or  involute 5 

Leaf  margins  more  or  less  revolute 7 

5.  Capsule  pyriform   Bruchia,  p.  95 

Capsule  ovoid-globose   6 

6.  Leaves    smooth     Pleuridium,  p.  96 

Leaves  papillose;  a  rudimentary  lid  present  but  persistent 

Astomum,  p.  106 


88  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

7.  Leaves    smooth,    eroso-denticulate    at    the    apex 

Acaulon,  p.  108 
Leaves   papillose,    entire    Phascum,  p.   108 

8.  Peristome,  when  present,  with  articulate  teeth 9 

Peristome  teeth  not  articulate 53 

9.  Peristome  present   10 

Peristome  none    48 

ID.     Leaves  in  2  ranks,  clasping  at  the  base,  and  with  a  promi- 
nent dorsal  wing  H 

Leaves  in  3  or  more  ranks,  not  clasping  at  the  base  or 
winged   12 

11.  Plants  flaccid,  aquatic,  floating    Octodiceras,  p.   105 

Plants  not  flaccid,  sometimes  submerged,  but  not  floating 

Fissidens,  p.  103 

12.  Leaves    with    a    single    layer    of    small    chlorophyll    cells 

enclosed  by  two   or  more  layers  of  large  hyaline   cells 

Leucobryum,  p.  102 
Leaves  mostly  with  a  single  layer  of  uniform  cells 13 

13.  Peristome    single,    consisting    of    16    or    32    teeth;     teeth 

usually  without  a  median  longitudinal  line  on  the  outer 

surface     14 

Peristome  double,  the  outer  more  or  less  thickened  and 
consisting  of  16  teeth,  the  inner  thin  and  divided  into 
segments  or  cilia  or  both;  teeth  with  a  distinct  median 
longitudinal  line  on  the  outer  surface 33 

14.  Capsule  with  8  longitudinal   ridges   of  differentiated   cells 

Rhabdoweisia,  p.     99 
Capsule     smooth     or,     when     plicate,     the     epidermis     of 
uniform  cell  structure    15 

15.  Peristome  teeth  with  very  minute  longitudinal  striations 

on  the  outer  surface 16 

Peristome  teeth  without  longitudinal  striations  on  the 
outer  surface,  smooth  or  papillose 19 

16.  Alar  cells  large,  hyaline  or  brown 17 

Alar  cells  not   differentiated 18 

17.  Leaves   tufted;   capsule   distinctly   strumose;   monoicous.  . 

Oncophorus,  p.     99 
Leaves    regularly    secund;    capsule    not    strumose    or    ob- 
scurely so;   dioicous    Dicranum,  p.  100 

18.  Lamina  of  leaves  strongly  papillose Dichodontium,  p.     99 

Lamina  of  leaves  smooth Dicranella,  p.     98 

19.  Peristome  distinctly  twisted,  teeth  32 20 

Peristome  not  twisted,  teeth  16,  often  deeply  cleft 22 


No.    II.]             THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  89 

20.  Midrib  with  2  median  guides,  upper  band  of  stereid  cells 

lacking    Tortula,  p.  109 

Midrib    with    several    (4-8)    median    guides    and    2    bands 

of  stereid  cells   2i 

21.  Leaf   margins   revolute,    at    least    below   the   middle 

Barbula,  p.  to8 

Leaf  margins  plane,  not  revolute Tortella,  p.  107 

22.  Calyptra   mitrate    23 

Calyptra  cucullate 27 

23.  Calyptra  plicate    24 

Calyptra  not  plicate    25 

24.  Calyptra  smooth;  teeth  distantly  articulate 

Glyphomitrium,  p.  no 

Calyptra  hairy;  teeth  closely  articulate.  .  .Orthotrichum,  p.  113 

25.  Beak  long,  clavate   Encaljrpta  ciliata,  p.  no 

Beak  apiculate  to  aciculate  26 

26.  Teeth  narrowly  cleft  nearly  to  the  base.  .Racomitrium,  p.  112 
Teeth  subentire,  cribrose  or  irregularly  cleft.  .Grimmia,  p.  iii 

27.  Teeth  of  peristome  arising  from  a  distinct  basal  membrane  28 
Teeth  of  peristome  not  arising  from  a  basal  membrane.  ...  31 

28.  Teeth  short;  leaves  papillose  on  upper  surface 

Didsmiodon,  p.  108 

Teeth  long;  leaves  mostly  smooth 29 

29.  Capsule   inclined,    distinctly   plicate    when    dry;    leaf   cells 

roundish   quadrate   above    Ceratodon,  p.  97 

Capsule   erect,  smooth   or  slightly  plicate  when   dry;   leaf 

cells  more  or  less  elongated  above 30 

30.  Leaves  glaucous   Saelania,  p.  97 

Leaves  bright  or  dark  green,  glossy Ditrichum,  p.  96 

31.  Plants  growing  on  trees Drummondia,  p.  113 

Plants   growing  on   earth   or  rocks 32 

32.  Leaf  margins  strongly  involute  above,  entire.  .  .Weisia,  p.  106 
Leaf  margins  plane,  minutely  crenulate.  .Trichostomum,  p.  107 

33.  Inner  peristome  without  a  basal  membrane 34 

Inner  peristome  with  a  distinct  carinate  basal  membrane. .  37 

34.  Calyptra  cucullate     Funaria,  p.   i  \^ 

Calyptra  mitrate   35 

35.  Calyptra     not     plicate,     smooth,     entirely     enclosing     and 

extending   below    the    base    of   the    capsule 

Encalypta  contorta,  p.  1 10 
Calyptra  plicate,  usually  hairy  and  partially  enclosing  the 

capsule     36 


90  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

36.     Leaves   usually  crispate  when  dry,  base  oval;   stomata  in 

neck  of  capsule,  always   superficial Ulota,  p.  115 

Leaves  not  crispate  when  dry,  base  not  oval;  stomata  in 

neck  and  upper  part  of  capsule,  mostly  immersed 

Orthotrichum,  p.  113 

ZT-     Capsule  distinctly  ribbed  when  dry 38 

Capsule  smooth,  not  ribbed  when  dry 41 

38.  Capsule  ovoid-cylindrical    Aulacomnium,  p.  125 

Capsule   subglobose    39 

39.  Cilia  well  developed Philonotis,  p.  127 

Cilia  none,  or  very  rudimentary 40 

40.  Leaf  cells  smooth    Plagiopus,  p.  126 

Leaf  cells  papillose    Bartramia,  p.   127 

41.  Leaves  papillose  on  upper  surface Timmia,  p.   127 

Leaves  smooth    42 

42.  Inner    peristome    2-3    times    as    long    as    the    outer,    cilia 

rudimentary Meesea,  p.   126 

Inner   peristome    about    as    long   as    the    outer,    cilia    well 
developed    43 

43.  Cilia   appendiculate    44 

Cilia  smooth  or  nodose,  not  appendiculate. 46 

44.  Leaf  cells  narrow,  linear-rhomboidal  above 

Leptobryum,  p.  117 
Leaf  cells   rhomboidal-hexagonal,   never  linear 45 

45.  Plants  stoloniferous;  capsules  clustered.  .  .Rhodobryum,  p.   120 
Plants  not  stoloniferous;  capsules  borne  singly.  .Bryum,  p.   119 

46.  Upper  leaves  ovate;  cells  broadly  polygonal,  never  linear 

Mnium,  p.   121 
Upper   leaves    linear-lanceolate;    cells    narrowly   polygonal 
to  linear  above   47 

47.  Leaves  glaucous   green;   annulus   none Mniobryum,  p.   118 

Leaves    green    to    golden    yellow,    often    glossy;    annulus 

present   Pohlia,  p.  1 18 

48.  Plants  growing  on  rocks  or  in  crevices 49 

Plants  growing  on  earth 51 

49.  Leaves  without  a  midrib;  stalk  less  than  i  mm.  long;  lid 

apiculate    Hedwigia,  p.  128 

Leaves  with  a  midrib;  stalk  2-10  mm.  long;  lid  rostrate.  ...      50 

50.  Usually    growing    on    calcareous    rocks;    capsule    smooth 

Hymenostylium,  p.   106 
Usually  growing  on  non-calcareous  rocks;  capsule  ribbed 

Ancectangium,  p.   112 


No.    II.]              THE    liRVOl'llVTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  QI 

51.  Leaf     cells     isodiametric     above     the     middle;     calyptra 

cucullate    Pottia,  p.  109 

Leaf  cells   elongated   above   the   middle;    calyptra   mitrate  52 

52.  Stalk  almost  lacking Aphanorrhegma,  p.  117 

Stalk  long  (to  2  cm.) Physcomitrium,  p.  117 

53.  Capsule  symmetrical  or  nearly  so 54 

Capsule  strikingly  unsymmetrical   57 

54.  Teeth  of  peristome  4 Georgia,  p.  172 

Teeth  of  peristome  32  or  64 55 

55.  Calyptra  cucullate,  nearly  smooth Catharinaea,  p.  172 

Calyptra  mitrate,  densely  hairy 56 

56.  Capsule   without   stomata,    cylindrical Pogonatum,  p.  174 

Capsule  with   stomata,   prismatic   or   cylindrical 

Polytrichum,  p.  174 

57.  Capsule  sessile;  leaves  green  and  conspicuous.  .Webera,  p.  171 
Capsule  raised  on  a  thick,  red  stalk;  leaves  colorless  and 

very  minute    Buxbaumia,  p.  172 

[Pleurocarpi] 

1.  Leaves   distichous    Fiissidens,  p.  103 

Leaves  in  3  or  more  ranks 2 

2.  Segments  of  inner  peristome  rudimentary  or  filiform,  not 

split ;  cilia  none    3 

Segments  of  inner  peristome  distinctly  carinate,  often  split 

along  the  keel  10 

3.  With  a  distinct,  carinate  basal  membrane,  segments  very 

rudimentary;  leaves  papillose Thelia,  p.  135 

Without  a  basal  membrane;  leaves  smooth  or  nearly  so..  4 

4.  Segments    connected,    at    least    in    the    apical    region,    by 

transverse  bands    5 

Segments  entirely  free,  sometimes  very  rudimentary 6 

5.  Leaves  with  an  excurrent  midrib Dichelyma, .p.  130 

Leaves  without  a  midrib Fontinalis,  p.  128 

6.  Leaves  complanate,  transversely  undulate Neckera,  p.  131 

Leaves  spreading,  not  transversely  undulate 7 

7.  Plants    soft,    often    forming   wide,    velvety    tufts;    capsule 

strikingly  contracted  below  the  mouth  when  dry 

Anacamptodon,  p.  134 
Plants   coarse,   growing  in   lax,   frequently  pendent   tufts; 

capsule  not  contracted  below  the  mouth  when  dry 8 

8.  Leaves  with  a  midrib 9 

Leaves  without  a  midrib Leucodon,  p.  130 


92  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bllll. 

g.     Branches    terete;    capsule   immersed Cryphaea,  p.  130 

Branches  flattened;    capsule  emergent  on  a  short  stalk.  .  .  . 

Forrstroemia,  p.  131 

10.  Leaves  mostly  rough-papillose il 

Leaves  smooth,  rarely  slightly  papillose  at  the  cell  angles.  21 

11.  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect  or  nearly  so 12 

Capsule  unsymmetrical,  arcuate   16 

12.  Leaves  with  a  midrib,  margin  usually  entire 13 

Leaves  without  a  midrib IS 

13.  Midrib   extending  nearly  to   apex  of   leaf 14 

Midrib  A^anishing  at  middle  of  leaf  or  below 

Haplohymenium,  p.  136 

14.  Primary  stem  stoloniform;   stem  leaves  minute 

Anomodon,  p.  137 
Stem   not   stoloniform;    stem    and   branch    leaves    uniform 

Leskea,  p.  138 

15.  Plants  glaucous  green,  iiranches  julaceous;  leaves  closely 

imbricated ;   cilia  two Myurella,  p.  136 

Plants    light    green,    branches    slightly    flattened;    leaves 

loosely   appressed;   cilia   none.  .  .  .Schwetschkeopsis,   p.  132 

16.  Monoicous    17 

Dioicous    20 

17.  Stem  and  branch  leaves  dififering  in  size  and  shape;   leaf 

cells  with  several  minute  papillae 18 

Stem   and   branch   leaves    similar   in   size   and   shape;    leaf 

cells  with  one,  rarely  two  papillae,  or  smooth 19 

18.  Lid    short-rostrate;    paraphyllia    multiform Rauia,  p.  139 

Lid  long-rostrate;  paraphyllia  simple Thuidium,  p.  140 

19.  Leaf  cells  smooth  or  lightly  papillate;  plants  of  swampy 

woods  or  meadows Elodium,  p.  142 

Leaf  cells  strongly  papillate  on  both   surfaces;  plants  of 

moist  woods   Haplocladium,  p.  139 

20.  Stem  and  branch  leaves   similar  in  size  and  shape;   para- 

phyllia mostly  lacking Claopodium,  p.  140 

Stem  and  branch  leaves  differing  in  size  and  shape;  para- 
phyllia numerous    Thuidium,  p.  140 

21.  Stem    erect    from    a    creeping   caudex,    dendroid;    capsules 

clustered    22 

Stem  prostrate  or  ascending;  capsules  borne  singly 23 

22.  Cilia  lacking    Climacium,  p.  170 

Cilia  well  developed,  appendiculate Thamnium,  p.  171 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF   CONNECTICUT.  93 

23.  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect  or  nearly  so;  inner  peristome 

without   cilia    24 

Capsule  unsymmetrical,  more  or  less  inclined  and  curved; 
inner  peristome  arising  from  a  broad  basal  membrane; 
cilia  well  developed 29 

24.  Branches   strongly   complanate;   leaves   cultriform 

Homalia,  p.   132 
Branches    terete   or   somewhat   flattened;    leaves   ovate   to 
lanceolate    25 

25.  Segments  either  partially  or  wholly  lining  the  teeth,  basal 

'  membrane  lacking  or  obscure 26 

Segments  entirely  free  from  the  teeth 2^ 

26.  Leaves  with  a  midrib;  stalk  rough. ..  .Homalothecium,  p.  134 
Leaves  without  a  midrib;  stalk  smooth Pylaisia,  p.  133 

27.  Basal  membrane  broad  and  distinct 

Pylaisia  subdenticulata,  p.  134 
Basal  membrane  very  narrow,  or  lacking 28 

28.  Stem  oval  in  cross-section;  capsule  3-4  mm.  long 

Entodon,  p.  132 
Stem  round  in  cross-section;  capsule  1.5-2.5  mm.  long;  an- 
nulus  several  cells  broad Platygyrium,  p.  132 

29.  Midrib  single 30 

Midrib  double  or  furcate,  frequently  short  or  lacking 42 

30.  Lid  more  or  less  long-rostrate 31 

Lid  conical  to  short-rostrate ZZ 

31.  Leaves  spreading  or  imbricated 32 

Leaves  complanate    Rhynchostegium,  p.  150 

32.  Leaves    very    concave,    spoon-shaped,    abruptly    filiform- 

acuminate  Cirriphyllum,  p.  147 

Leaves    plane    or    slightly    concave,    acute    or    gradually 

acuminate     Eurynchium,  p.  148 

Z'i-     Leaves  obtuse,  apiculate,  or  acute 34 

Leaves  acuminate    36 

34.  Large  mosses  (6-20  cm.),  growing  in  swamps;  stem  leaves 

2-3.5  "^iTi-  long,  spreading  or  imbricated.  .  .Calliergon,  p.  166 
Medium-sized    mosses    (3-8   cm.),   growing   on    rocks    and 
earth    in    or    along    streams;    leaves    0.6-1.6    mm.    long, 
frequently  secund    35 

35.  Midrib  strong,  disappearing  abruptly  just  below  apex  of 

leaf   Amblystegium  fluviatile,  p.  157 

Midrib    faint,    vanishing    near    middle    of    leaf,    frequently 

forked Hygrohypnum,  p.  169 

36.  Leaves   secund    Z7 

Leaves  equally  spreading  39 


94  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

2,^.     Leaves    strongly   transversely    undulate Rhytidium,  p.   i6o 

Leaves  not  transversely  undulate 38 

38.  ParaphylHa   numerous    Cratoneuron,  p.   159 

Paraphyllia    lacking    Drepanocladus,  p.  167 

39.  Capsule     oblong-ovoid;     stem     leaves    much    larger     than 

branch    leaves    Brachythecium,  p.   143 

Capsule  oblong-cylindrical;  leaves  mostly  uniform  in  size     40 

40.  Stem  densely'  tomentose,  erect;  leaves  glossy 

Camptothecium,  p.  142 
Stem  not  densely  tomentose;  leaves  rarely  glossy 41 

41.  Stem  prostrate  and  irregularly  branched;  rhizoids  mostly 

numerous    Amblystegium,  p.  155 

Stem  prostrate  or  ascending;  rhizoids  few 

Chrysohypnum,  p.  158 

42.  Leaves  complanate    43 

Leaves  not  complanate    44 

43.  Leaves    decurrent;    basal    areolation    lax,    alar    cells    often 

more  or  less  enlarged Plagiothecium,  p.  152 

Leaves  not  at   all  or  very  slightly  decurrent;  basal   cells 
scarcely   differentiated    Isopterygium,  p.  151 

44.  Operculum    long-rostrate    Sematophyllum,  p.  150 

Operculum  conical  to  short-rostrate 45 

45.  Leaves  obtuse  or  apiculate,  rarely  acute 46 

Leaves  acuminate    48 

46.  Leaves  usually  more  or  less  secund,  gradually  narrowed 

above  to  an  obtuse  or  rarely  acute  apex;  mosses  growing 

on  dripping  or  wet  rocks Hygrohypnum,  p.  169 

Leaves  imbricated  or  spreading,  with  a  broad  rounded  apex     47 

47.  Mosses  growing  in  swamps;  stem  with  an  outer  layer  of 

large  hyaline  cells   Acrocladium,  p.  167 

Mosses  growing  in   dry  woods;   stem  bright   red,   cortical 
cells  small   Hypnum,  p.  166 

48.  Leaves  secund,  falcate  or  circinate 49 

Leaves  mostly  spreading 51 

49.  A   large  moss    (8-20  cm.),  very  regularly  pinnate,  frondi- 

form;  leaves  multiplicate,  smooth;  paraphyllia  numerous 

Ptilium,  p.  162 
Medium-sized    mosses     (i-io    cm.),     irregularly     pinnate; 
leaves  scarcely  or  not  at  all  plicate;  paraphyllia  few  or 
none    50 

50.  Leaves  sharply  serrate,  papillose Ctenidium,  p.  161 

Leaves  entire  or  serrulate,  smooth Stereodon,  p.  162 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  95 

51.  Alar  cells  inflated Plagiothecium  striatellum,  p.  154 

Alar  cells  not  inflated,  frequently  quadrate,  rectangular,  or 

oblong    52 

52.  Annual  growth  regularly  marked  off Hylocomium,  p.  161 

Annual  growth  not  clearly  defined 53 

53.  Leaves  erect-spreading    54 

Leaves  squarrose     55 

54.  Plants  medium-sized,  forming  loose,  spreading  tufts;  para- 

phyllia  numerous  and  large Heterophyllon,  p.   165 

Plants    small,    forming   thin,    depressed   mats;    paraphyllia 
lacking    Amblystegiella,  p.  154 

55.  Plants  robust;  stems  0.5-0.9  mm.  in  diameter;  leaves  3-5  mm. 

long;  capsules  broadly  ovoid Rhytidiadelphus,  p.  160 

Plants  robust  or  slender;  stems  0.1-0.4  mm.  in  diameter; 

leaves   1-3  mm.  long;  capsules  cylindrical 

Chrysohypnum,  p.  15S 

FAMILY  ARCHIDIACE^ 
Archidium  Brid. 
Archidium  ohioense  Schimp. 

On  the  ground  in  meadows  and  fields.  Spring.  New 
Haven:   Orange  (1881),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Throughout  the  eastern  United  States  and  westward  to 
the  Rocky  Mountains. 

FAMILY  DICRANACE^ 

Bruchia  Schwaegr. 

Capsule  ovoid,  neck  short B.  flexuosa 

Capsule  elongated,  neck  long B.  SuUivantii 

Bruchia  flexuosa  (Schwaegr.)  C.  Miill. 

Clayey  ground  in  fields.  Spring.  Windham  :  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  East  Haven,  Nichols; 
New  Haven  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

New  England  to  Minnesota,  south  to  the  Gulf  States. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  72. 

Bruchia  SuUivantii  Aust. 

Clayey  or  sandy  ground  in  fields.  Spring.  New  Haven  : 
New  Haven  (1890),  Evans. 

New  England  to  Florida,  west  to  Missouri  and  Louisiana. 


96  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Pleuridium   Brid. 

Leaves  spreading,  upper  leaves  long-subulate.  .P.  altemifolium 
Leaves  of  sterile  shoots  closely  appressed,  upper  leaves  of 
fertile  shoots  abruptly  short-pointed P.  Sullivantii 

^4  Pleuridium  altemifolium   (Dicks.)   Rabenh. 

c''^  >''  Moist  clayey  or  sandy  soil  in  fields  and  ditches.     Spring. 

u^J^.        New  Haven:    East  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;    Hamden  and  New 
V  Haven  (1874),  Eaton. 

New  England  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  the  mountains  of 
Alabama ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer,    No.  227. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Pleuridium  Sullivantii  Aust 

Light,  sandy  soil  in  fields.  Spring.  New  Haven  :  Orange 
(1880),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Connecticut  to  South  Carolina. 

Ditrichum  Timm 

1.  Monoicous;  stalk  yellow;  fruiting  in  June D.  pallidum 

Dioicous;  stalk  red;  fruiting  in  autumn 2 

2.  Stem  leaves  imbricated;  perichsetial  leaves  long-sheathing 

D.  vaginans 
Stem  leaves  spreading;  perichcietial  leaves  scarcely  sheath- 
ing     D.  tortile 

Aj^jU^Mr:  rLDitrichum  vaginans  (Sull.)  Hampe!^  Leptotrichum  vagi- 
nans  Schimp. 

Moist,  sandy  or  loamy  ground  in  hilly  regions.  Autumn. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven: 
Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton. 

New  Brunswick  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  Missouri ; 
Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 


Kk.-^ 


:vl\vx.-^v        Ditrichum"[tortile  (Schrad.)  Lindb.'j    Leptotrichum  tortile 
e<Lc.")f.t.;.  C.  Miill. 

l^'tl'M     Clayey  soil  along  roadsides  and  in  fields.    Autumn.    Hart- 
ford:    Glastonbury,   Miss   Lorena.      Tolland:     Bolton   and 


IkV-^ 


V 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPIIYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  97 

Stafford,  NicJiols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Huntington,  Nichols.  New 
Haven  :  Hamden,  Evans;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven 
(1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Nichols.  Middlesex:  Chester, 
Nichols.     New  London  :   Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  to  Minnesota,  south  to  the 
Gulf  States  ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Ditrichum  pallidum  (Schreb.)  Hampe.  Lepiotrichum 
pallidniii  Hampe.  {v\cx**-*dX-S. 

Bare  earth  in  the  woods.    June.    Litchfield  :    Salisbury,    *^  ^*  Ti> 
Nichols.     Hartford:    Southington,  Chamberlain.     Tolland:  Ci^"^"^ 

Andover,  Weatherby;  Bolton,  Miss  Lorens.  Windham  :  Can-  Jin,  jr/i'*//6i 
Xerhury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mr.y.  Low^;  Sher- 
man and  Stratford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls, 
Nichols;  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (1867),  New  Haven, 
anc^  North  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange,  Nichols;  Woodbridge, 
/.  A.  Allen.  New  London  :  Ledyard  and  North  Stonington, 
C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  west  to  Kansas;  Europe; 
Asia;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Saelania    Lindb. 
Saelania    glaucescens    (Hedw.)    Broth.  6^.   cccsia    (Vill.) 
Lindb. 

Earth  and  crevices  of  rocks,  especially  limestone,  in  moun- 
tainous or  hilly  regions.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury, 
Evans.  Fairfield  :  Monroe,  Miss  Lorenz;  Sherman,  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Miss 
Lorenz. 

Greenland  and  Labrador  to  the  Middle  Atlantic  States, 
west  to  British  Columbia  and  Colorado;  Europe;  Asia;  New 
Zealand. 

Ceratodon  Brid.  . 

Ceratodon  purpureus  (L.)  Brid. 

Burnt-over  woods,  roadsides,  waste  ground,  and  roofs. 
May-June.     Litchfield:    New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury, 

7 


98  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

» 

Mrs.  Phelps.  Hartford:  Bloomfield  and  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorens.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Bridgeport,  Eames;  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lowe;  Fairfield,  Eames;  Huntington,  Nichols.  New 
Haven:  Cheshire  and  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  North  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford, 
Harger.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  : 
Ledyard,  Nichols;  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  62.  Mrs.  Lowe,  54  (incorrectly  deter- 
mined as  C.  minor  Aust). 

Dicranella   Schimp. 

1.  Capsule  plicate  when  dry;  epidermis  composed  of  narrow 

cells;  stalk  yellowish D.  heteromalla 

Capsule  always  smooth;  epidermis  composed  of  quadrate 
cells;  stalk  reddish 2 

2.  Capsule  cernuous D.  varia 

Capsule   erect    D.  rufescens 

Dicranella  heteromalla  (L.)  Schimp.  Dicranum  hetero- 
malhim  Hedw. 

Clayey,  non-calcareous  soil  in  open  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford  :  Southington, 
Chamberlain.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield: 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Huntington,  Nichols.  New  Haven: 
East  Haven  (1877)  and  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Madison, 
Nichols;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen; 
Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols. 
New  London  :    East  Lyme  and  New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Louisiana,  westward  to  the  Pacific; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Dicranella  rufescens  (Dicks.)  Schimp. 

Wet  clayey  soil.  Autumn.  Hartford  :  Wethersfield,  Mrs. 
Lowe.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven  :  New 
Haven  (1879),  J-  ^-  Allen;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 


\;).    11.  I  '1111-:    liKVOI'HVTES   OF    CON  Nl'.C'l  KU'I'.  99 

Nova  Scotia  to  West  Virginia,  west  to  Alaska  and  Wash- 
ington ;  Europe ;  Asia. 
Ref.     Mrs.  Lowe,  57. 

Dicranella  varia  (Hedw.)  Schimp.  Dicranum  varium 
Hedw. 

Clay  banks  and  moist  earth.  Autumn.  New  Haven  :  East 
Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1875),  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange, 
Young;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Xova  Scotia  to  Georgia,  westward  to  the  Pacific ;  Alaska ; 
Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Rhabdoweisia  Br.  &  Sch. 

Rhabdoweisia  denticulata  (Brid.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

Moist  shaded  cliffs,  steep  rocks  and  banks,  but  not  on 
limestone,  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions.  Summer.  Litch- 
field: New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Tolland: 
Stafford  and  Vernon,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Redding,  Evans; 
Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
Naugatuck,  Evans;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Woodbridge 
(1878),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  to  Wisconsin  and  North  Carolina;  Europe. 

Dichodontium  Schimp. 

Dichodontium  pellucidum  (L.)  Schimp. 

Banks  of  streams  and  wet  rocks  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
New  Haven:    Hamden  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Oncophorus  Brid. 

Oncophorus  virens  (Sw.)  Brid.  Cynodontium  virens 
Schimp. 

Moist  non-calcareous  earth  and  rocks  or  damp  wood  in 
mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  Spring.  Tolland:  Stafford 
(1906),  Nichols. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 


lOO  COiXNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Dicranum  Hedw. 

1.  Capsule  cernuous,   arcuate    2 

Capsule  erect,  symmetrical  S 

2.  Leaves  not  undulate^  midrib  percurrent D.  scoparium 

Leares  transversely  undulate,  midrib  not  reaching  apex.  ...       3 

3.  Upper  leaf  cells  elongated;   capsules  clustered. .  .D.  undulatum 
Upper  leaf  cells  isodiametric;  capsules  borne  singly 4 

4.  Upper  part  of  leaves  strongly  papillose  at  back.  . .  .D.  spurium 
Leaves  smooth  at  back D.  Bergeri 

5.  Lamina  of  leaves  more  or  less  bistratose  in  upper  part. . .  . 

D.  fulvum 
Lamina  unistratose  throughout 6 

6.  Midrib  without  median  guides  and  excurrent;  leaves  sud- 

denly narrowed  into  a  long  setaceous  point.. D.  longifolium 
Midrib  with  median  guides  and  vanishing  below  apex  of 
leaf;   leaves  lanceolate-subulate    7 

7.  Cells  in  upper  part  of  leaves  rectangular,  papillose  at  back; 

plants  not  producing  flagelliform  branchlets.  .D.  montanum 
Cells  in  upper  part  of  leaf  less  regular,  smooth  at  back; 
plants  frequently  characterized  by  numerous  flagelliform 
branchlets   D.  flagellare 

Dicranum  spurium  Hedw. 

Shaded  sandy  soil  and  rocks,  never  on  limestone.  June. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  New  Haven 
(1881),  /,  A.  Allen.     New  London:    Ledyard,  SetchelL* 

Newfoundland  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  Florida;  Europe; 
Asia. 

Exsic.     Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  228''. 

Dicranum  undulatum  Ehrh. 

Moist  soil  and  earth-covered  rocks  in  hilly  woods.  Sum- 
mer. Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Miss 
Lorens.  Hartford:  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  New 
Haven:  East  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols; 
Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen.    Middlesex:   Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

R[:f.     Eaton,  15,  61. 


♦Reported  by  Barron  from  "  near  the  Sound  "  (I'^aton,  15,  61). 


No.   II.]  j'liK  r.KvcwiivrF.s  oi-"  Connecticut.  loi 

Dicranum  Bergeri  lUand.    D.  Schraderi  Web.  f.  &  Mohr. 

Peat  bogs  and  wet  woods.  Summer.  Litchfield  :  New 
Milford,  Evatis.  Hartford:  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz. 
Tolland:  Stafford,  JVeatherby;  Vernon,  Miss  Lorenz.  New 
Haven:  Nesv  Haven,  J.  A.  Allen;  Wallingford  (1878),  Bar- 
ron. Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London: 
Water  ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  61  (misprinted  D.  Schreheri).  Miss 
Lorenz,  52  (incorrectly  determined  as  D.  Muhlenbeckii). 

Dicranum  scoparium  (L.)  Hedw. 

On  all  sorts  of  substrata  in  moist  or  dry  woods.  Aug.- 
Sept.  Litchfield:  Cornwall,  Greene;  Salisbury,  Gil- 
man.  Hartford:  Plainville,  Chamberlain;  West  Hartford, 
Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland:  Ellington  and  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Danbury, 
Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Fairfield  and  Trumbull,  Eames. 
New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  East  Haven,  Evans; 
Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Miss  Lorenz;  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex:  Kil- 
lingworth, Nichols;  Middlefield,  Evans.  New  London  :  North 
Stonington  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  Canada  and  the  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61.  ^ 

Dicranum  ftilvum  Hook. — D.  intcrniptibn^Bi4d. 

Trees  and  decayed  logs  in  pine  or  hemlock  woods  in  moun- 
tainous or  hilly  regions.  Summer.  New  Haven  :  East 
Haven,  Hatcher;  Woodbridge  (1879),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  to  Manitoba,  south  to  West  Virginia; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Dicranum  flagellare  Hedw. 

On  stumps  and  logs,  and  at  the  base  of  trees,  in  moist 
woods.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Norfolk,  Mm' Lorens;  Salis- 
bury, Gilman.  Hartford  :  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tol- 
land:  Ellington,  Feo.y^;  Stafford,  iVjV/io/.y.    Windham:   Can- 


»  0  f     o        -O^A     ^V^  c^-^ry^^ltU^  C-,    v^Qd*    i^-^r^  V^Cv,-,!^   ^ 


102  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT,    HIST,    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

terbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe; 
Stratford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Hamden,  Nichols;  New 
Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Orange,  Pease;  Oxford,  Harger.  Mid- 
dlesex :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  New  London 
and  Water  ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina,  and  westward  to  British 
Columbia  ;  Mexico ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Dicranum  fulvum   Hook.     D.   interruptum   Brid. 

Non-calcareous  rocks  in  moist  hilly  woods.  Aug.-Oct. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Burlington, 
Nichols;  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland:  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrj.  //ad/^3/.  Fairfield: 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven:  Branford,  Chatterton; 
Hamden,  Pease;  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans; 
Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols. 
New  London  :  East  Lyme,  New  London,  and  Waterford,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Missouri ;  Europe. 

Exsic.     Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  104. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Dicranum  longifolium  Ehrh. 

On  rocks  and  tree  trunks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions ; 
not  on  pure  limestone.  Late  summer.  New  Haven  :  Meriden 
(1856),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 

Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  British  Columbia 
and  Colorado;  Greenland;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  Gi.^' 

FAMILY    LEUCOBRYACE.E 
Leucobryum  Hampe 
Leucobryum  glaucum  (L.)  Schimp.     L.  vulgar e  Hampe. 
On  moist  soil  or  rocks  in  the  woods.      Fruit  occasional, 


•Two  other  species  of  Dicranum,  D.  fuscescens  Turn,  and  D.  viride  (Sull.  & 
Lesq.)  Lindb.  (as  Campylopus  viridis  Sull.  &  Lesq.),  are  reported  by  Raton  (15,  61) 
on  the  authority  of  Harron,  but  no  Connecticut  specimens  examined  by  the  writers 
have  been  referable  to  either  of  these  species. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF   CONNECTICUT.  I03 

autumn.  Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury, 
Mrs.  Phelps.  Hartford  :  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tol- 
land: Stafford,  A' iV/2o/.y.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mr^-. //ad- 
ley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozue;  Trumbull,  Eames. 
New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  East  Haven,  Hamden 
(1866),  and  New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Harger; 
Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Nichols.  Mid- 
dlesex :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  East  Lyme 
and  North  Stonington,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  south  to  Florida 
and  Louisiana ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 


FAMILY    FISSIDENTACE^ 
Fissidens  Hedw. 

1.  Fruit  borne  on  the  stem  or  on  a  leading  branch 2 

Fruit  borne  on  a  short  branch 5 

2.  Leaves  without  a  border 3 

Leaves  bordered  by  a  narrow  band  of  pale,  elongated  cells       4 

3.  Leaves  obtuse,  margin  entire F.  obtusifolius 

Leaves  apiculate,  margin  crenulate F.  osmundoides 

4.  Border  thick,   usually  confluent   at  apex  of  leaf  with   the 

midrib    F.  bryoides 

Border   narrow,   almost  wanting   at   apex   of   leaf;   midrib 
percurrent  F.  incurvus 

5.  Leaves  without  a  border 6 

Leaves   bordered   by   several    rows    of   paler,    often   thick- 
walled  cells  7 

6.  Midrib  percurrent F.  taxifolius 

Midrib  vanishing  below  the  apex F.  subbasilaris 

7.  Leaf   cells   obscure    (0.007-0.009    X    0.01-0.012    inm.) 

F.  cristatus 

Leaf   cells    distinct    (0.01-0.014    X    0.014-0.018   mm.) 

F.  adiantoides 

Fissidens  bryoides  (L.)   Hedw- 

On  shaded   earth  in  greenhouses,   etc.     Autumn.      New 
Haven:    New  Haven  (1876),  Veitch. 


I04  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull, 

Throughout  temperate  North  America,  and  north  to  Yukon 
Territory;  Europe;  Asia;  Africa;  New  Zealand. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62.* 

Fissidens  incurvus  Schwaegr.  Including  F.  minutulus 
Sull. 

On  wet  shaded  stones,  usually  in  brooks.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  SaUsbury,  Mrs.  Phelps.  Tolland:  Bolton  and 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols.  New 
Haven  :  Bethany,  Evans ;  Cheshire,  Harger;  East  Haven 
(1874),  Kleeberger;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Nichols; 
Oxford,  Harger.     Middlesex:    Middlefield,  Evans. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States;  Cuba;  Europe; 
Asia;  Africa;  New  Zealand;  Tasmania. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Fissidens  obtusifolius  Wils. 

Wet  rocks  and  stones.  Aug.-Sept.  Litchfield:  Salis- 
bury (1907),  Nichols. 

New  England  to  Minnesota  and  Colorado,  south  to  Ala- 
bama and  Texas. 

Fissidens  adiantoides  (L.)  Hedw. 

On  shaded  rocks  and  earth  in  wet  places.  Oct. -Dec. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Bolton,  Nichols. 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Cheshire, 
/.  A.  Allen;  East  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Madison,  Adams; 
Milford,  Harger;  Orange,  Evans;  Woodbridge.  Eaton. 
Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols;  Middlefield,  Evans.  New 
London  :   Groton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Florida  and  Washing- 
ton; Europe;  Asia;  Africa;  New  Zealand;  Tasmania. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Fissidens  cristatus  Wils.    F.  decipiens  DeNot. 

On   moist,  preferably   calcareous,   rocks   in   hilly   regions. 


*  "  In  a  greenhouse,  R.  l^eitch;  also  on  the  sides  of  a  well  on  Church 
Street,  New  Haven,  W.  T.  Bron'iie."  Both  of  these  stations  have  since  probably 
been  destroyed. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  IO5 

Oct. -Dec.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford: 
Hartiord,  Miss  Lorenz.  Fairfield:  Danbury  (1SS4),  Eaton; 
Sherman,  Evans.    New  Haven  :  Orange,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  south  to  the 
Gulf  States  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Fissidens  taxifolius  (L.)  Hedw. 

Moist  earth  and  clay  banks  in  the  woods.  Fruit  rare,  win- 
ter. Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Ellington, 
Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East 
Haven  (1874),  Kleeberger;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison, 
Nichols;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Haven,  A^ichols;  Wood- 
bridge,  Eaton. 

Throughout  the  eastern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia ; 
Africa. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  62  (incorrectly  reported  as  F.  osinund- 
oides). 

Fissidens  osmundoides  (Sw.)  Hedw. 

Swampy  woods  and  borders  of  streams.  Summer.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  Branford,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans;  Wood- 
bridge  (1866),  Eaton. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Fissidens  subbasilaris  Hedw. 

On  earth  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  the  woods.     Autumn. 
New  Haven:  Hamden  (1878),  Eaton. 
Ontario  and  the  eastern  United  States. 

Octodiceras  Brid. 

Octodiceras  Julianum  (Savi)  Brid.  Conomitrium  Juli- 
anum  Mont. 

Attached  to  stones  and  wood  in  springs  and  brooks.  Spring. 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Hamden 
(1876),  7.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Eaton;  New  Haven,  Nichols; 
Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Ontario  to  Montana,  south  to  Mexico;  Cuba;  South  Amer- 
ica; Europe;  Africa. 


I06  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT,    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  16''  (as 
Conomitrium  Julianum) . 

Ref.     Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  9,  83.    Eaton,  15,  62 ;  16,  244. 

FAMILY  POTTIACE^ 
Astomum  Hampe 

Astomum  Sullivantii  Schimp.  Systegium  Sullivantii 
Schimp. 

Moist  grassy  places.  Spring.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
7.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge  (1878),  Eaton. 

Probably  throughout  temperate  North  America. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  72. 

Weisia   Hedw. 

Weisia  viridula  (L.)  Hedw^. 

Roadsides,  banks,  and  fields,  on  bare  earth.  Spring. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Canton, 
Nichols.  Windham:  Csinierhwry,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield: 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Sherman,  Nichols;  Trumbull,  Eames. 
New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Hamden,  and  Meriden,  Nichols; 
New  Haven  (1854)  and  North  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange,  7.  A. 
Allen;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Killingworth, 
Nichols.     New  London  :     Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  Canada  and  the  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia ; 
Africa  ;  New  Zealand ;  Tasmania. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Hymenostylium  Brid. 

Hymenostylium  curvirostre  (Ehrh.)  Lindb.  Gyninosto- 
miim  curvirostre  Hedw. 

Moist  rocks,  usually  calcareous,  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
regions.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hart- 
ford: Windsor,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Bolton,  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  Hamden,  Hall.  Middlesex:  Killingworth, 
(1875)  Hall 

Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  California  and  South  Caro- 
lina ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF   CONNECTICUT.  IO7 

Trichostomum  Hedw. 

Trichostomum  cylindricum  (Rruch)  C.  Miill.  Didymo- 
don  cylindricus  Br.  &  Sch. 

Wet  non-calcareous  stones  in  or  beside  brooks  in  moun- 
tainous or  hilly  regions.  Fruit  very  rare,  autumn.  New 
Haven  :  Hamden  (1879),  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Greenland  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  Manitoba ;  South 
America  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Tortella  (C.  Mull.)  Limpr. 

Monoicous;  plants  less  than  i  cm.  high,  loosely  csespitose; 

leaves  linear,  abruptly  mucronate T.  caespitosa 

Dioicous;   plants  2-6  cm.   high,   in   pulvinate   tufts;   leaves 

lanceolate,  long-acuminate  or  cuspidate T.  tortuosa 

Tortella  tortuosa  (L.)  Limpr.  Barb  it  I  a  tortuosa  Web.  f. 
&  Mohr. 

Rocks,  usually  calcareous,  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions. 
Fruit  rare,  June.  Hartford:  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz. 
New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Harger;  Meriden,  Price;  Orange 
(1856),  Eaton;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Greenland,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Eu- 
rope ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Tortella  caespitosa  (Schwaegr.)  Limpr.  Barbula  ccespi- 
tosa  Schwaegr. 

Earth  and  roots  of  trees  in  the  woods.  June.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Gilman.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadlcy.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven:  East 
Haven,  Evans;  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Orange,  Nichols; 
Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen.  New  London: 
North  Stonington  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  and  New  England  to  the  Gulf  States,  west  to 
British  Columbia  ;  Mexico  ;  South  America ;  Europe ;  Asia  ; 
Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62.     Mrs.  Lowe,  57. 


I08  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Didymodon  Hedw, 

Didymodon  rubellus  (Hoffm.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

Wet,  usually  calcareous  rocks,  in  mountainous  or  hilly  re- 
gions. Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tol- 
land: Bolton,  XicJwls.  New  Haven:  Woodbridge  (1879), 
/.  A.  Allen. 

Alaska,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ; 
Asia  ;  Africa  ;  Tasmania. 

Barbula  Hedw. 

Leaves  gradually  acuminate,  midrib  percurrent B.  fallax 

Leaves  obtuse  and  mucronate,  midrib  excurrent.  .B.  unguiculata 

Barbula  fallax  Hedw. 

Moist  earth,  walls,  and  rocks,  in  limestone  districts.  Nov.- 
Jan.    Litchfield:   Sahsbury  (1905),  Nichols. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  north  to  the  arctic 
regions  ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Barbula  unguiculata  (Huds.)  Hedw. 

On  all  sorts  of  earth  formations.  Winter.  Litchfield: 
Xew  Alilford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven  and  New 
Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange  and  Oxford,  Harger;  Walling- 
ford,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Probably  throughout  the  northern  United  States  and  Can- 
ada ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Acaulon  C.  Miill. 

Acaulon  muticum  (Schreb.)  C.  Miill.  Sphccrangium  mu- 
ticiun  Schimp. 

Clay  or  earth  in  fields.  Spring.  New  Haven  :  Hamden 
(1878),  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Probably  throughout  temperate  North  America ;  Europe ; 
Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Phascum  L. 
Phascum  cuspidatum  Schreb. 
On    earth    in    fields    and    grassy    places.      Spring.      New 


No,    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  IO9 

Haven  :  East  Haven  and  New  Haven,  Eaton;  Woodbridge 
(1878),/.  A.  Alien. 

Ontario  to  South  Carolina,  westward  to  the  Pacific  States ; 
South  America ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ;  xA-f  rica. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  61. 

Pottia  Ehrh. 

Pottia  truncatula  (L.)  Lindb.     P.  truncata  Fiirn. 

In  moist  places, —  meadows,  banks  of  streams,  etc.  Autumn 
to  spring.    New  Haven:  Woodbridge  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Quebec  and  New  England  to  Pennsylvania ;  Nevada ;  Eu- 
rope ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Tortula  Hedw. 

1.  Growing   on  trunks   of  trees;   midrib   bearing   gemmae  in 

upper  half;  not  yet  found  fruiting  in  this  country 

T.  papillosa 
Growing  on   rocks;   midrib   not    gemmiparous;    frequently 
fruiting    2 

2.  Dioicous;  tufts  large,  2-5  cm.  high;  midrib  excurrent  into 

a  long  smooth  hair-point T.  montana 

Monoicous;  tufts  small,  5-15  mm.  high;  midrib  excurrent 
into  a  long  toothed  hair-point T.  muralis 

Tortula  muralis  (L.)  Hedw.    Barhiila  muralis  Timm. 
Walls  and  sunny  rocks.     Spring.      New  London:    New 
London  (1895),  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan.  ' 

Tortula  papillosa  Wils.     Barbula  papillosa  C.  Miill. 

Trunks  of  trees,  rarely  rocks  in  the  open.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven 
and  Hamden,  Nichols;  Milford,  Harger;  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Throughout  the  northern  Atlantic  States;  South  America; 
Europe  ;  Australia ;  New  Zealand  ;  Tasmania. 

Exsic.     Holzingcr,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  235. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 


no  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Tortula  montana  (Nees)  Lindb. 

Sunny  rocks,  usually  calcareous,  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
regions.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven  (1880)  and  Orange,  /.  A. 
Allen. 

Northern  North  America  ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Encalypta  Schreb. 

Gemm?e  wanting;  monoicous;  capsule  smooth,  peristome 
single  E.  ciliata 

Gemnic-e  brown,  slender,  borne  in  clusters  in  the  axils  of 
the  leaves;  dioicous;  capsule  spirally  striate,  peristome 
double    E.  contorta 

Encalypta  ciliata  (Hedw.)  Hoffm. 

Shaded  earth  or  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions. 
Summer.     New  Haven:  Branford  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa  ;  Australia  ;  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Encalypta  contorta  (Wulf.)  Lindb.  E.  streptocarpa 
Hedw. 

Earth  and  rocks,  often  calcareous,  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
regions.  Not  yet  found  fruiting  in  America.  Litchfield: 
New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford  :  West 
Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland:  Bolton,  Miss  Lorens. 
New  Haven:  Branford,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange  (1855),  Eaton; 
Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

Ontario  to  Virginia,  and  westward  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

FAMILY.  GRIMMLA,CE.E 
Glyphomitrium  Brid. 
Glyphomitrium   incurvum    (Schwaegr.)    Broth.    Ptycho- 
mitrium  incurvum  Sull. 

Exposed  non-calcareous  rocks.  Spring.  Hartford: 
Granby,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden  and  New  Haven 
(1866),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRVOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  Ill 

Ontario  and  New  England  to  Georgia,  westward  to  Kansas 
and  Texas. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Grimmia  Ehrh. 

1.  Capsule  shorter  than  stalk,  emergent  or  exserted.  .  .  .G.  Olneyi 
Capsule  longer  than  stalk,  immersed 2 

2.  Walls  of  lower  leaf  cells  sinuate G.  pilifera 

Walls  of  lower  leaf  cells  not  sinuate : . . . .       3 

3.  Plants  in  small  dense  cushions,  soft,  lurid  green;  leaf  cells 

rounded-quadrate,  0.009-0.01  mm.  above G.  conferta 

Plants  in  laxer  cushions,  more  robust,  coarse,  brownish; 
leaf  cells  rounded,  0.006-0.007  mm.  above G.  apocarpa 

Grimmia  apocarpa  (L.)  Hedw. 

On  rocks  and  stones  of  various  kinds.  Late  spring. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman;  Torrington,  Mrs.  Lowe. 
Hartford:  Bristol  and  Canton,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Staf- 
ford, Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven  :  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven 
(1855)  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge, 
/.  A.  Allen.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New 
London  :   New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Alaska,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ;  found  in 
most  quarters  of  the  globe. 

Ref.     E^ton,  15,  62. 

Grimmia  conferta  Funck. 

Steep  sunny  rocks.  Spring.  Litchfield:  Salisbury, 
Nichols.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Sher- 
man, Nichols.  New  Haven:  Hamden  (1877),  O.  D.  Allen; 
Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Nova  Scotia  to  the  Middle  Atlantic  States,  and  westward  to 
the  Pacific ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  168. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62, 

Grimmia  pilifera  Beauv.     G.  pennsylvanica  Schwaegr. 
Moist    rocks    in    hilly    woods.      May- June.      Litchfield: 
New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.    Hartford:    Simsbury, 


112  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Stratford,  Eames. 
New  Haven:  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New 
Haven  (1854),  Eaton;  Oxford  and  Woodbridge,  Harger. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Georgia ;  Mexico ; 
Japan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Grimmia  Olneyi  Sull. 

Sloping  rocks  and  bowlders,  never  on  limestone.  Spring, 
New  Haven  :  Branford  and  Madison,  Eaton;  Meriden, 
Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 
Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Ledyard, 
Nichols. 

Ontario  and  New  England  to  Georgia, 

Exsic,     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  169. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62.     SuUivant,  70,  67. 

Racomitrium  Brid. 

Racomitrium  aciculare  (L.)  Brid. 

Shaded  non-calcareous  rocks  along  mountain  or  hill 
streams.  Fruit  rare,  spring.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman. 
New  Haven  :  Hamden  (1878),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  New 
London  :   Montville,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Alaska,  Canada,  and  southward  to  California  and  Alabama ; 
Europe ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

FAMILY  ORTHOTRICHACE^ 
Anoectangium   Hedw. 

Anoectangium  Mougeotii  (Br.  &  Sch.)  Lindb.  Am- 
phoridium  Mougeotii  Schimp. 

Crevices  of  damp,  shaded  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
regions.  Fruit  very  rare,  July-Aug.  New  Haven  :  Branford 
and  Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Price;  Woodbridge  (1878), 
O.  D.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  to  Alabama,  westward  to  Alaska  and 
Oregon  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  174. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  II J 

Drummondia  Hook. 

Drummondia  clavellata  Hook. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Summer.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Bloomfield,  Miss  Lorenz; 
Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz;  Southington,  Cham- 
berlain. Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield: 
Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Bethany  and  Hamden, 
Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  North 
Branford,  Harger.  Middlesex  :  KilHngworth,  Nichols.  New 
London  :    North  Stonington  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  Alabama  and  Missouri ; 
Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

Orthotrichum  Hedw. 

1.  Capsule  with  superficial  stomata;  plants  growing  on  trees 

O.  sordidum 
Capsule  with  immersed  stomata 2 

2.  Peristome  single,  capsule  plicate  when   dry;  plants  grow- 

ing on  rocks   3 

Peristome  double;  plants  growing  on  trees 4 

3.  Capsule  long-exserted  O.  anomalum 

Capsule  immersed  or  emergent O.  Lescurii 

4.  Capsule  smooth  when  dry O.  pusillum 

Capsule  plicate  when  dry 5 

5.  Calyptra  hairy 6 

Calyptra  smooth   O.  pumilum 

6.  Capsule  strongly  plicate,  reddish  brown,  contracted  under 

the  mouth  when  dry;  leaves  acute O.  Braunii 

Capsule  not  strongly  plicate,  pale  yellowish,  very  slightly 
or  not  at  all  contracted  below  the  mouth  when  dry; 
leaves  obtuse   , O.  ohioense 

Orthotrichum  sordidum  Sull.  &  Lesq. ',  ^■ 

On  trees  in  wet  woods.  Spring.  Hartford  :  Hartford, 
Mrs.  Lowe.  Tolland  :  Ellington,  Pease.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1876), 
Pease. 

New  Brunswick  to  Pennsylvania  and  Lake  Superior. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 


114  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Orthotrichum  anomalum  Hedw. 
C^ocks^.dn    the    open.      Spring.      Litchfield:     Salisbury, 
Nichols.     New  Haven:    Branford  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Throughout    Canada    and    the    northern    United    States; 
Alaska ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa.  ^"'•-^-    -"^^  ^'^'^'  ^  - 

■^    "^      Orthotrichum  Lescurii  Aust.     0.  cupulatum  Hoffm.  var. 

minus  Sull.  ,•,-:   ''r.^-'--   ■-    '  '•  ""  - 

Dry  shaded  granite  or  trap  rocks.     Spring.     New  Haven  : 

Hamden  (1876),  Pease;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Ontario   and   New   England,    south   to    Pennsylvania   and 

Missouri,  and  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region. 
■  Ref.     Austin,  3,  341.    Eaton,  15,  63. 

^jf  ^     Orthotrichum  pusillum  Mitt.       O.  psilocarpum  James. 
-yM'-  On  trunks  of  trees.     Spring.     New  Haven  :    New  Haven 

(1877),  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger. 

New  England  and  New  York  to  Georgia,  west  to  Missouri. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63.     Rau  &  Hervey,  64,  21. 


-*  c 


Orthotrichum  Braunii  Br,  &  Sch^  0.  strangulatum  Sull. 
not  Beauv.  ,,.  .^j_^^  ,  >v-/,.  ^'}-Uv  f'UuJiXj^ri,^  >c^>;^?^ 

Trunks  of  trees.  Spring.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  New 
Haven  (1886),  Eaton.     C^,^.,,, 

Prince  Edward  Island  to  Georgia,  westward  to  Iowa ; 
Europe ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Orthotrichum  ohioense  Sull.  &  Lesq. 

Trunks  of  trees.  Spring.  Hartford:  Southington, 
Chamberlain.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease.  Fairfield: 
Trumbull,  Eames.  New  Haven:  Hamden  (1875),  Young; 
Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  Pease.  Middlesex  :  Chester 
and  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton  and  North 
Stonington,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Prince  Edward  Island  to  Georgia,  west  to  Michigan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 


No.    II. 1  THE    HRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONN  IXTICUT.  I  I  :; 

Orthotrichum  pumilum  Sw. 

On  trees.   Spring.   Litchfield:  Salisbur}'^  (1907),  Mc/70/^. 
New  England  and  Ontario  to  Idaho,  south  to  Florida  and 
Texas ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ulota  iVIohr 

1.  Leaves  rigid  when  dry;  plants  growing  on  rocks. U.  Hutchinsiae  =  o*^*aa-«.-«.€ 
Leaves  crispate  when  dry;  plants  growing  on  trees 2 

2.  Capsule  smooth,  slightly  plicate  only  below  the  narrowed 

mouth   U.  Ludwigii 

Capsule  longitudinally  plicate  throughout,  mouth  wide.  ...       3 

3.  Capsule  constricted  below  the  mouth,  gradually  narrowed 

toward  the  neck  when   dry   and   empty U.  ulophylla   -  c-lAs^o 

Capsule  slightly  or  not  at  all  contracted  below  the  mouth, 
abruptly   narrowed   toward   the   neck U.  crispula 

Ulota     Hutchinsiae      (Sm.)      Hamniar.       U.     americana     ^;' 

(BeauyJ_Limpr..     Not  Mitt.  '     " 

Non-calcareous  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  districts. 
Spring.  Litchfield:  Kent,  Eames;  New  Milford,  Nichols; 
Salisbury,  G//«ia».  Hartford:  Hartford,  Mr.y.  Lotc^.  Tol- 
land: Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols :  atp%fi^  , «.  < 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Madi-  ^-'^^ 
son  and  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1854),  Eaton;  Ox- 
ford, Harger.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New 
London  :  Groton  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

New  Brunswick  to  Georgia,  westward  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  ;  Europe ;  Asia.  1 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Ulota  Ludwigii  Brid. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  Summer. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  Branford,  Eaton;  East  Haven, 
/.  A.  Allen;  Hamden  and  Woodbridge  (1866),  Eaton. 
Middlesex  :    Chester  and  Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario  and  North  Carolina ;  Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 


/ 


Il6  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bllll. 

Ulota  ulophylla  (Ehrh.)  Broth.     U.  crispa  (Hedw.)  Brid. 

Trees  in  the  woods.  Summer.  Litchfield:  SaHsbury, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven  :  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middle- 
sex :  Chester  and  KilHngworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  East 
Lyme  and  North  Stonington  (1894),  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  Georgia ;  Alaska ; 
Europe ;  Asia ;  Canary  Lslands. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Ulota  crispula  Bruch. 

Trees  in  the  woods.  Summer.  Hartford  :  Hartford,  Mrs. 
Lowe.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  : 
Woodbridge   (1866),  Eaton.     Middlesex:    Saybrook,  Eaton. 

Same  range  as  the  preceding  species. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

FAMILY  FUNARIACE^ 

Ephemerum  Hampe     -„>.    /iVi-Wla,  \  Ai^3 .12'/'^^ 

1.  Leaves  without  a  midrib 2 

Midrib  present,  percurrent  or  nearly  so E.  crassinervium 

2.  Leaves  obscurely  serrulate;  stomata  present  in  upper  half 

of  capsule  E.  megalosporum 

-r  Leaves  distinctly  serrulate;  stomata  restricted  to  base  of 

O^A.         ,  capsule    E.  serratum 

f^A^*"**^  Ephemerum  megalosporum  (Aust.)  Salm.  Micromitrium 
^(s,\^^      megalosporum  Aust. 

Wet  or  periodically  inundated  earth.  Autumn.  New 
Haven:  Orange  (1891),  Evans. 

Connecticut  to  Georgia.  I 

Ephemerum  serratum  (Schreb.)  Hampe. 

Wet,  clayey  earth.  Autumn.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Evans;  New  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 
New  London  :   Norwich  (1888),  5^?c/i^//.     • 

Probably  throughout  temperate  North  America;  Europe. 

Ephemerum  er£tssinervium  ( SchM^aegf 7) "CTTvTuH. ' 
Damp  earth   in   fields.       Autumn.      New   Haven:     East 
TIavcn  (1891).  Evans.     .    '  • .)  Vk'^'^'  '"  ■ 

X^cw  England  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida, 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPllYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I  17 

Aphanorrhegma  Sull. 
Aphanorrhegma  serratum  (Hook.  &  Wils.)  Sull. 
Moist,  sandy  soil  in  fields.     Autumn.     Fairfield:     Dan- 
bury,  A^iV  A  o/.y.     Middlesex:     Cromwell  (igoo),  Evans. 
Temperate  North  America. 

Physcomitrium  (Br id.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

Physcomitrium  turbinatum  (Miclix.)  C.  Miill.  P.  pyri- 
fornie  of  some  authors. 

On  earth  in  gardens  and  fields.  May- June.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford  (1855),  Eaton. 
Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lowe;  Stratford,  Eames.  New  Haven  :  New  Haven, 
Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Ox- 
ford, Harger.     New  London  :    New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Quebec  to  Florida,  and  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63.     Mrs.  Hadley,  40. 

Funaria  Schreb. 

Funaria  hygrometrica  (L.)  Schreb. 

Earth  in  fields,  along  roadsides,  in  burnt-over  woods  and 
waste  places.  May- June.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz; 
Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Had- 
ley. Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Stratford,  Eames.  New 
Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton; 
Orange,  Evans. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

FAMILY   BRYACEtE  Ifc 

Leptobryum  (Br,  &  Sch.)  Wils. 
Leptobryum  pyriforme  (L.)  Wils. 

On  moist  shaded  soil  or  old  walls  and  on  rotten   wood. 
June- July.      Litchfield:     Salisbury,    Nichols.      Hartford: 
Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.     Windham  :    Canterbury,  Mrs.  Had- 
ley.    Fairfield  :    Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.     New  Haven  :    Bran- 
.  ford,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans. 


Il8  COXXECTICUT    GKOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Throughout    North    America ;    South    America ;    Europe ; 
Asia  ;  Tasmania  ;  New  Zealand. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Pohlia  Hedw. 

1.  Plants  producing  gemmte  in  axils  of  leaves,  rarely  fruiting 

P.  proligera 
Plants  not  gemmiparous,  richly  fruiting 2 

2.  Basal  membrane  of  inner  peristome  one-third  to  one-half 

height  of  segments   P.  nutans 

Basal  membrane  of  inner  peristome  one-fourth  height  of 
segments    P.  cruda 

Pohlia  cruda  (L.)  Lindb. 

Shaded  earth  and  fissures  of  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
regions.  Early  summer.  New  Haven  :  Derby  (i88i),7.  ^. 
Allen. 

Greenland  to  Pennsylvania,  and  westward  to  the  Pacific ; 
found  in  most  quarters  of  the  globe. 

Pohlia  nutans    (Schreb.)    Lindb.      JVebcra  iiiitaits  Hedw. 

Soil  and  decaying  wood  in  fields  or  woods.  Early  sum- 
mer. Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Giluian.  Hartford:  South- 
ington,  Chamberlain.  Tolland:  Stafford  and  Vernon, 
Nichols.  Windham:  C2inievh\\ry,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield: 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  East 
Flaven,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1874),  Kleeberger;  North 
Haven,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 
Middlesex  :  Durham,  Evans.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Throughout  most  of  Xorth  America  :  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  63.     Mrs.  fTadley,  43. 

Pohlia  proligera  Lindb. 

On   earth.     Fruit   rare,   summer.     New  H.wen  :    Deacon 
Falls  and  Hamden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1905),  Evans. 
•     Widely    distributed    throughout    Canada    and    the    United 
States  :  Alaska  ;  luirope. 

Mniobryum    (Schimp.)    Limpr. 
Mniobryum  albicans    (Wahl.)    Limpr.      JVebcra  albicans 
Schimp. 


No.    II.]  THIi   BRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  II9 

In  swamps  and  on  sandy  banks  of  streams.  Early  summer, 
Hartford:  Bloomfield  and  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lowe.  Fair- 
field: Darien,  Mrs.  Loive.  New  Haven:  Hamden  (1855), 
Eaton. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
south  in  the  east  to  Florida ;  found  in  most  quarters  of  the 
globe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Bryum   (Dill.)    L. 

1.  Plants  monoicous  (synoicous);  leaves  with  a  broad  border, 

midrib  excurrent  into  a  short  point B.  bimum 

Plants  dioicous   2 

2.  Midrib  vanishing  below  the  apex,  leaves  not  bordered,  or 

very  indistinctly  so B.  argenteum 

Midrib  excurrent  (or  frequently  vanishing  below  the  apex 
in  B.  capillare)   3 

3.  Leaves  short-cuspidate,  distinctly  bordered.  ..  .B.  ventricosum 
Leaves  long-cuspidate    4 

4.  Leaves  bordered,  twisted  when  dry B.  capillare 

Leaves  not  bordered  or  only  faintly  so,   scarcely  twisted 

when  dry   B.  casspiticium 

Br3mm  ventricosum  Dicks.  B.  pseudotriquetrum 
(Hedw.)  Schwaegr. 

Wet,  swampy  places.  Early  summer.  Litchfield  :  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven:  New  Haven  (1859),  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols.     New  London  :    Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northcj-n  United  States ; 
found  all  over  the  world. 

Exsic.  Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  246  (as 
B.  pseudotriquetrum). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Bryum  bimum  Schreb. 

On  wet  rocks  and  on  the  ground  in  swampy  woods.  Early 
summer.  Litchfield:  SaHsbury,  Nichols.  Hartford: 
Farmington,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Plainville,  Chamberlain.  Tolland: 
Bolton,  Nichols;  Ellington,  Pease.     Windham:    Canterbury, 


I20  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  New  Haven  (^856) .  Eaton. 
New  London  :  New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  southward  to  Florida  and 
Arizona ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Bryum  caespiticium  L. 

On  the  ground  in  old  pastures  and  fields.  Early  summer. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Trumbull, 
Eames.  New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange, 
Nichols.    New  London  :    New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63.     Mrs.  Lowe,  54. 

Bryum  argenteum  L. 

On  earth  or  earth-covered  rocks.  Autumn.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens. 
Tolland:  Stafford,  Mc/jo/.?.  Fairfield:  Y}2iv\Q.n,  Mrs.  Loive; 
Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Hamden,  Evans;  Meriden, 
Miss  Lorenz;  New  Haven ^(1854),  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Old. 
Lyme,  Nichols. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Bryum  capillare  L. 

Rich,  loamy  soil,  and  roots  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Early 
summer.  New  Haven:  Cheshire,  /.  A.  Allen;  East  Haven, 
Nichols;  Hamden  (1879)  /.  A.  Allen. 

Throughout  temperate  North  America,  and  north  to  the 
arctic  regions ;  Mexico  ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Rhodobryum  (Schimp.)   Hampe 
Rhodobryum    roseum    (Weis)    Limpr.      Bryum    roseum 
Schreb. 

Rotten  logs  and  humus  in  moist  woods.  Fruit  occasional, 
autumn.  Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury, 
Gilman.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Southington, 
Chamberlain.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,    Mrs.    Eladley.      Fairfield  :      Danbury,    Eaton. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  121 

New  Haven:  Hamden,  Evans;  Meriden,  Eaton;  Milford, 
Harger;  New  Haven  (1855)  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford, 
Harger;  Woodbridge,  Nichols.  Middlesex  :  Killingvvorth, 
Nichols. 

New  Brunswick  to  Nebraska,  south  to  Georgia ;  California ; 
Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref,     Eaton,  15,  63. 


FAMILY  MNIACE.E  vl 

Mnium  (Dill.)  L. 

1.  Leaf  cells  not  arranged  in  oblique  rows;  border  of  leaves 

several  cells  thick;  marginal  teeth  in  pairs 2 

Leaf  cells  tending  to  be  arranged  in  diverging  rows, 
gradually  increasing  in  size  from  the  border  toward  the 
midrib   5 

2.  Lid    strongly    convex,    mammiform    or    apiculate;     midrib 

toothed  at  back M.  hornum 

Lid  rostrate   3 

3.  Midrib  smooth  at  back;  monoicous  (synoicous) 4 

Midrib  toothed  at  back;   dioicous M.  orthorrhynchum 

4.  Perichsetial   leaves   forming- a   rosette,   not   crispate   when 

dry;  capsules  borne  in  clusters ." M.  spinulosiim 

Perichastial  leaves  not  forming  a  rosette,  crispate  when 
dry;  capsules  borne  singly M.  marginatum 

5.  Leaves  serrate,  teeth  single,  border  one  cell  thick 6 

Leaves  entire    11 

6.  Monoicous  (synoicous)   7 

Dioicous    9 

7.  Lid  rostrate;  stomata  scattered  over  the  entire  capsule.. 

M.  rostratum 
Lid  strongly  convex,  apiculate;   stomata  present  only  on 
neck  of  capsule  8 

8.  Capsules  borne  singly;  leaves  serrate  to  middle.  .M.  cuspidatum 
Capsules  borne  in  clusters;  leaves  serrate  to  base.  .M.  medium 

9.  Margin  of  leaves  obscurely  toothed M.  rugicum 

Marginal  teeth  of  2-4  cells 10 

10.  Marginal  teeth  robust  M.  affine 

Marginal  teeth  slender   M.  ciliare 

11.  Border  narrow,  scarcely  thickened,  of  one  layer  of  cells.  . 

M.  cinclidioides 
Border  broad,  thickened    M.  punctatum 


122  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Mnium  hornum  L. 

Moist  banks  and  wet  rocks  in  the  woods.  May-June. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilnian.  Hartford:  East  Hartford 
and  Manchester,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  ElHngton,  Pease. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Monroe, 
Miss  Lorenz.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  East 
Haven  (1875),  Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  and 
North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Pease;  Oxford,  Harger. 
Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton 
and  Ledyard,  C.  B.  Graves;  Waterford,  Miss  Lorenz. 

Newfoundland  to  Wyoming,  and  southward  to  Georgia ; 
Europe ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref.  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  8,  4.  Eaton,  15,  63.  Mrs.  Had- 
ley, 40. 

Mnium  orthorrhynchum  Br.  &  Sch. 

Rocks  and  soil,  usually  calcareous,  in  shaded  ravines. 
July- Aug.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven: 
Wallingford  (1874),  Barron. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Mnium  marginatum  (Dicks.)  Beauv.  M.  serratum 
Schrad. 

Shaded  banks  and  rocks  near  streams  and  in  moist  woods. 
May- June.  Litchfield:  Cornwall,  Brewster;  Salisbury,  Gil- 
man.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs.  Loive.  New  Haven  :  An- 
sonia,  /.  A.  Allen;  Cheshire,  Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton;  New 
Haven  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans.  Middlesex: 
Durham,  Evans.     New  London  :    Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Canada,  Alaska,  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ; 
Asia. 

Mnium  spinulosum  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  the  ground  in  evergreen  mountain  or  hill  woods.  May- 
June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Fairfield:  Darien, 
Mrs.  Loive.    New  Haven:   Hamden  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Nova  Scotia  and  the  northern  Atlantic  States,  westward  to 
Alaska  and  Washington  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 


No.    II.]  THK    I'.RVOPllVTRS    OF    COXKECTICUT.  I23 

Mnium  rostratum  Schrad.  '  ' 

Shaded  rocks  in  wet  ravines.  May- June.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozvc ;  Sherman, 
Nichols.  New  Haven:  Hamden  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen;  Wood- 
bridge,  O.  D.  Allen.  Middlesex  :  East  Haddam,  C.  B. 
Graves.     New  London  :     Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  temperate  North  America,  and  in  most  tem- 
perate regions  of  the  globe.  -  '*)*K~^^\'*^ 


Ref.     Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  8,  5.    ^>^«Cve*^  -  ^^rr^. 

Mnium  cuspidatum    (L.)    Leyss.     M.  sylvaticum   Lindb.       '^ 

Earth,  stones,  or  old  logs  in  moist  woods.  May-June. 
Litchfield:  New  ]\Iilford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Tol- 
land: Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozvc; 
Fairfield,  Eames;  Monroe,  Miss  Lorens;  Sherman,  Nichols; 
Trumbull,  Eames.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven  (1875),  £a^o;f; 
Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford  and 
North  Haven,  Evans.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols. 
New  London  :  Groton  and  Montville,  C.  B.  Graves;  Norwich, 
Setchell;  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Florida  and  westward  to  the  Pacific ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63.     Mrs.  Hadley,  41. 

Mnium  medium  Br.  &  Sch. 

On    earth    or    rotting    stumps    in    moist,    shaded    places.       "^ 
May- June.      Litchfield:     Norfolk     (1877),    Eaton.      New^ 
Haven  :  New  Haven,  Eaton. 

Greenland  to  Pennsylvania,  westward  to  Alaska  and  Cali- 
fornia ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Mnium    ciliare    (Grev.)    Lindb.      M.    affine    var.    ciliarr  ■^^ 
C.  Miill. 

Moist    sandy    soil    in    woods.      i\Iay-June.      Litchfield:     ;^  ^-^ 
Salisbury,    Gilman.      Windham:     Canterbury,    Mrs.   Lladley.  y^LKM/^"^- 
New  Haven  :    Beacon  Falls  and  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Ham- 
den  (1858),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Chattcrton. 


124  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT,    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Louisiana,  westward  to  British  Columbia; 
Europe ;  Asia. 
•  Exsic.     Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  247. 
Ref.     Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  8,  5. 

Mnium  affine  Bland. 

Moist  earth  and  rocks  in  woods  and  swamps.  ]\Iay-June. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Mrs. 
Lowe;  Southington,  Chamberlain.  Tolland  :  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven:  Ansonia,  /.  A.  Allen;  Beacon  Falls  and  East  Haven, 
Nichols;  Hamden  (1865),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Wood- 
bridge,  /.  A.  Allen.  Middlesex:  Durham,  Evans:  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols. 

Throughout  northern  North  America,  south  to  Florida  and 
California ;  Europe  ;  Asia;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  63. 

Mnium  rugicum  Laur.    M.  affine  var.  rngicuni  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  the  ground  in  shaded  swamps  and  ravines.  May-June. 
Fairfield:  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Hamden 
(1880),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Setchell. 

Greenland  and  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  Louisiana  and 
Colorado;  Europe. 

Mnium  punctatum  (L.)  Hedw. 

On  the  ground  in  swamps  or  wet  woods.  Spring.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  East  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorenz;  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Windsor,  Miss  Lorenz.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  New 
Haven:  Bethany,  O.  D.  Allen;  Cheshire,  Eaton;  Derby, 
Eames;  Hamden  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Nichols;  Oxford, 
Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth, 
Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton,  C.  B.  Graves;  Ledyard, 
Nichols;  Montville,  Stonington,  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 
■^,,0^  Var.  datum  Schimp. 
'-^^  Litchfield:    Norfolk,  Eaton;  Salisbury,  Nichols.     Tol- 

^'^j^y*,    land:  Stafford,  Mc/to/.y.    Windham:  Canterbury,  iV/r^'. //aaf- 
rfl  i^y-  Thompson,  Miller.    New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 

Hamden  (1875)  Eaton. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I25 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  8,  5.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

JS  Mnium  cinclidioides  Huben. 

Swamps,  pools,  and  wet  places  in  the  woods.  Fruit  rare, 
June.  Litchfield:  Litchfield,  T.  F.  Allen.  Hartford: 
Farmington  (1859),  Eaton.  New  Haven:  .Beacon  Falls, 
Nichols;  East  Haven,  /.  A.  Allot;  Hamden  and  Orange, 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Hargcv.  Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Nichols; 
Saybrook,  Eaton.    New  London  :   Norwich,  Harger. 

Northern  North  America,  south  in  the  east  to  Pennsylvania ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


FAMILY  AULACOMNIACE^ 

Aulacomnium  Schwaegr,  ^  ^ 

Monoicous;  leaves  coarsely  serrate  in  upper  half;  plants 
not  gemmiparous    A.  heterostichum 

Dioicous;  leaves  serrulate  near  apex;  sterile  plants  fre- 
quently producing  genimre  at  the  tips  of  flagelliform 
branches A.  palustre 

Aulacomnium  heterostichum  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  f^o^— ^r 

Moist  banks  and  roots  of  trees  in  the  woods.  May-June.  \'^^'^, 
Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  SaHsbury,  Gilinaii.  MS" 5" I, 
Hartford:  Burlington,  A^ichols;  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lozve; 
Hartford,  Miss  Lor  en::;  Southington,  Chamberlain ;  Windsor, 
Rover.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven:  Ansonia,  /.  A.  Allen;  Beacon 
Falls,  Nichols;  East  Haven.  Evans;  Hamden  (1858),  Eaton; 
Madison  and  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen; 
Woodbridge,  Setchell.  Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Nichols. 
New  London  :  East  Lyme,  C.  B.  Graves;  Ledyard,  Nichols; 
North  Stonington,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  Florida  and  Texas;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


126  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Aulacomnium  palustre  (L.)  Schwaegr. 

In  bogs  and  swampy  woods.  June.  Litchfield:  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Hartford:  Canton,  Nichols;  Farmington, 
Mrs.  Lowe;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Elling- 
ton, Pease;  Willington,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Stratford, 
XicJiols.  Xew  Haven:  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Madison,  Miss 
Loreiiz;  Aleriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Ox- 
ford, Harger.  Middlesex  :  Chester,  Nichols;  Durham,  Evans; 
Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  North  Stonington,  Old 
Lyme,  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  southward  to  the  mountains  of  South 
Carolina,  L^tah.  and  California  ;  South  America  ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ; 
Australia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64.     Mrs.  Hadley.  40. 

FAMILY  MEESIACE^ 
-.  Meesia  Hedw. 

^  Meesia  triquetra  (L.)  Aongstr.     .1/.  trislicha  Br.  &  Sch. 

In  wet  meadows  and  peat  bogs.  June-July.  Hartford: 
Berlin  (1875),  Coleman.  New  Haven:  New  Haven,  /.  A. 
Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


'V 


FAMILY  BARTRAMIACE^ 
r  Plagiopus  Brid. 

Plagiopus  Oederi  (Gunn.)  Limpr.    Bartramia  Oederi  Sw. 

Moist  calcareous  rocks  or  soil  in  mountainous  and  hilly 
woods.  Spring.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford: 
West  Hartford,  Miss  Lor'ens.  Fairfield:  Monroe,  Harger; 
Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Cheshire  (1856),  Eaton; 
Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Eaton. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  in  the  east 
to  North  Carolina ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  127 

Bartramia   Hedw. 

Bartramia  pomiformis  (L.)  ITedw. 

Rocks  or  soil  in  moist  woods.  Spring.  LrrciiriiiLo:  New 
Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Gihnan.  Hartford:  Hartford, 
Mrs.  Lozvc;  Southington,  Chamberlain;  West  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorens;  Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nich- 
ols. Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield: 
Huntington  and  Sherman,  Nichols;  Trumbull,  Eaincs.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Hamden, 
Eaton;  Madison  and  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex: 
Killingw^orth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols; 
North  Stonington,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America  and  Canada,  southward  to  Alabama  and 
Colorado;  South  America;  Europe;  Asia;  Africa;  New  Zea- 
land. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

Philonotis  Brid. 

Philonotis  fontana  (L.)  Brid. 

In  swamps  or  wet  places  and  on  dripping  rocks,  rarely 
on  limestone.  Fruit  occasional,  June.  Litchfield:  New 
Milford.  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Todd.  Hartford:  Hartford 
and  Windsor,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Bolton,  Nichols; 
Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Easton,  Eames; 
Huntington,  Nichols;  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Beacon 
Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New 
Haven  (1856)  and  North  Branford,  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Kil- 
lingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Groton  and  Ledyard, 
C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  and  temperate  North  America,  south  in  the  east  to 
Florida;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

FAMILY  TIMMIACE^ 
Timmia  Hedw. 
Timmia  cucullata  Michx.     T.  megapolitana  of  American 
authors,  in  part. 


7.^ 


128  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

On  moist  shaded  banks,  especially  in  limestone  regions. 
Spring.  Litchfield:  Cornwall,  Hall;  Salisbury,  Gilman. 
Hartford:  Windsor,  Miss  Lor  ens.  New  Haven  :  Hamden, 
Eaton;  Woodbridge  (1878),  Brezvster. 

Newfoundland  to  Pennsylvania  and  westward  to  the 
Pacific;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  183 
(as  T.  havarica  var.  cucullata). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  72. 

FAMILY  HEDWIGIACE^ 
V  Hedwigia  Ehrh. 

I  Hedwigia  albicans  (Web.)  LindbJ    H.  ciliata  Ehrh.  ^^  H^^ 

On  rocks  and  bowlders  of  various  kinds,  but  never  on 
limestone.  Spring.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Plainville, 
Chamberlain.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  A^/c/ro/^.  Windham  :  Can- 
terbury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lowe;  Huntington,  Nichols;  Stratford,  Eanies.  New 
Haven  :  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison  and 
Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  and  Orange  (1873),  Eaton. 
Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London:  Led- 
yard,  Nichols;  Water  ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  North  America,  and  in  most  quarters  of  the 
globe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  62. 

yyi,^/^<^  W^paMily  fontinalace.e 
Fontinalis  (Dill.)   L. 

1.  Stem  leaves  keeled F.  antipyretica 

Leaves  not  keeled 2 

2.  Leaves  2-3  mm.  long,  firm,  yery  concave  throughout  and 

incurved  at  the  margins F.  dalecarlica 

Leaves  3-5-7  mm.  long,  slightly  concave 3 

3.  Branches  obliquely  spreading;  leaves  flaccid,  plane  in  the 

upper    half    F.  Lescurii 

Branches      w^idely      spreading;      leaves      firmer,      concave 
throughout   F.  Novae-Angliae 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I29 

Fontinalis  antipyretica  L.  var.  gigantea  SuU. 

On  stones  and  wood  in  flowing  water.  Fruit  occasional, 
summer.  Litchfield:  Goshen,  Underwood;  Salisbury,  Mrs. 
Phelps.  Hartford:  Burlington  and  Granby,  Nichols;  West 
Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland  :  Bolton,  Nichols;  Somers, 
Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Bethany,  Eaton; 
Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1856), 
Smith;  Orange  and  Oxford,  Harger. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States;  Europe;  Asia; 
Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Fontinalis  dalecarlica  Schimp. 

On  stones  in  rapid  mountain  or  hill  streams.  Summer. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Burlington, 
Nichols;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Vernon, 
Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden 
(1866),  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Chester  and  Killingworth, 
Nichols.     New  London  :    Ledyard,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Greenland  and  Labrador  to  Kansas,  south  to  Alabama; 
Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Fontinalis  Novae-Angliae  Sull. 

Pools  and  running  water  in  streams.  Summer.  Litch- 
field :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  Burlington,  Nichols. 
Tolland  :  Vernon,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Bethany, 
Eaton;  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden 
and  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen.  New 
London  :   Groton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  and  south  to  North  Carolina. 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  65.  Lesquereux  &  James,  50,  271.  SuUi- 
vant,  68,  654  (as  F.  biformis  Sull.)  ;  69,  54  (as  F.  biformis), 
104;  70,  105. 

Fontinalis  Lescurii  Sull. 

On  stones  in  streams.     Summer.     Litchfield:    Salisbury, 
Nichols.     Hartford:    Bloomfield,  Miss  Loren:^;  Burlington, 
9 


130  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Nichols.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon 
Falls,  Nichols;  Derby,  O.  D..  Allen;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen; 
New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Wallingford,  Barron;  Wood- 
bridge,  Eaton.     Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alabama,  westward  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Dichelyma  Myrin 

Dichelyma  capillaceum   (L.)   Schimp. 

On  bushes  and  sticks  in  ponds  and  water  holes.  Summer. 
Tolland  :  Stafford  and  Willington,  Nichols.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadlcy.  New  Haven  :  Branford  and  East 
Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855)  ^"^ 
Orange,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Saybrook,  Eaton.  New  Lon- 
don :    North  Stonington  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

New  Brunswick  to  Ontario  and  Pennsylvania ;  Europe. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  187. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

FAMILY   CRYPH.^ACE^ 
Cryphaea  INIohr 
Cryphaea  glomerata  Br.  &  Sch. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Spring.  New  Haven  : 
Hamden  (1875),  Young. 

Connecticut  to  Ohio,  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  64.     Rau,  63,  152.     Rau  &  Hervey,  64, 
52. 

FAMILY  LEUCODONTACE^ 
Leucodon  Schwaegr. 

Capsule  exserted  beyond  the  perichaetial  leaves.... L.  julaceus 
Capsule  exserted  but  surpassed  by  the  perichaetial  leaves.. 

L.  brachypus 

Leucodon  julaceus  (L.)  Sull. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  North  Branford,  Harger;  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford, 
Harger.    New  London  :    North  Stonington,  C.  B.  Graves. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  I3I 

New  England  to  Michigan,  soulli  to  Florida  and  Texas. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Leucodon  brachypus  Brid. 

Trees  and  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  PVuit  rare, 
autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Can- 
ton, Nichols;  Hartford,  Miss  Lorena.  Windham  :  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  Guilford  and  New  Haven 
(1856),  £a/07^.    Middlesex:  Killingworth,  iVic/io/.y. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Kansas,  south  to  the  Gulf  States. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Forsstroemia    Lindb. 

Forsstroemia  trichomitria  (Hedw.)  Lindb.  Leptodon 
trichomitrion  Mohr. 

On  trees  in  the  woods,  rarely  on  rocks.  Autumn.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Mrs.  Lowe;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz. 
New  Haven:  Cheshire,  Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New 
Haven,  Evans;  North  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange,  /.  A.  Allen; 
Waterbury  (1855),  Blackman;  Woodbridge,  Evans.  Middle- 
sex :   Saybrook,  Eaton. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  the  Gulf  States ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 


FAMILY  NECKER.^CE^ 

Neckera  Hedw,  . 

Neckera  pennata   (L.)   Hedw. 

On  trees  and  moist  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods. 
Autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Hart- 
ford, Miss  Lorenz.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
New  Haven:  Branford,  East  Haven,  and  New  Haven  (1855), 
Eaton;  Southbury,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Evans.  Middle- 
sex :   Chester,  Nichols;  Saybrook,  Eaton. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Manitoba  and  Yukon  Territory,  soutii  to 
North  Carohna ;  found  in  most  temperate  regions  of  the  world. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  188. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 


j(o 


132  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Homalia   (Brid.)   Br.  &  Sch. 
Homalia  Jamesii  Schimp. 
'  Rocks  and  crevices  in  mountainous  or  hilly  districts.    Au- 
tumn.    Litchfield  :    Salisbury,  Miss  Lorenc.     New  .Haven  : 
Hamden  (1881),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  and  Nova  Scotia  to  Pennsylvania;  Wash- 
ington. 

FAMILY   ENT0D0NTACE;E 

Schwetschkeopsis    Broth. 

Schwetschkeopsis  denticulata  (Sull.)  .Broth.  Lcskea 
denticulata  Sull. 

At  the  base  of  trees  or  on  rocks.  Fruit  rare.  New  Haven  : 
Orange  (1880),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Connecticut  and  New  York  to  Florida,  west  to  the  Missis- 
sippi River ;  Asia. 

Platygyrium  Br.  &  Sch. 

Platygyrium  repens  (Brid.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  roots  and  trunks  of  trees,  especially  chestnut  and  beech, 
on  old  logs,  stumps,  and  stones.  Autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Sherman,  Nichols. 
New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Hamden,  Evans; 
New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Evans;  Oxford, 
Harger.  Middlesex  :  Middlefield,  Evans.  New  London  : 
New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

North  America,  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains;  Europe; 
Asia.;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Entodon  C.  Miill. 

Branches  usually  complanate;  annulus  clearly  differen- 
tiated; teeth  i2-i8-articulate E.  cladorrhizans 

Branches  usually  terete;  annulus  not  clearly  defined;  teeth 
7-10-articulate    E.  seductrix 

Entodon  cladorrhizans  (Hedw.)  C.  Miill.  Cylindrothe- 
citmi  cladorrhisans  Schimp. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I33 

On  decaying"  logs,  on  stones,  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in 
moist  woods.  Autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
Hartford:  Southington,  Chamberlain.  Tollani):  Ellington, 
Pease.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield: 
Danbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Madi- 
son, Nichols;  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Mariner;  Woodbridge 
(1866),  Eaton. 

New  Brunswick  to  Miimcsota,  and  south  to  the  Gulf  States; 
Europe. 

Ref.     tiaton,  15,  66. 

Entodon  seductrix  (Hedw.)  C.  Miill.  Cylindrothecium 
seductrix  Sull. 

On  decaying  wood,  earth,  rocks,  and  roots  of  trees  in  moist 
woods.  Autumn.  Hartford  :  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tol- 
land: Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Eaton;  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lozve;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Hamden,  and  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven  and  Orange 
(1855),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  J.  A.  Allen. 
Middlesex:    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

New  England  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

Exsic.     Grout,  N.  Amer,  Musci  Pleuro.    Nos.  51,  173. 
.  Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Pylaisia  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Segments    of    inner    peristome    entirclj^    free    from    tcctli. 

basal    membrane    distinct;    spores    0.008-0.012    mm.    in 

diameter  P.  subdenticulata 

Segments  of  inner  peristome  partially  or  wholly  adherent 
to  teeth,  basal  membrane  obscure  or  lacking 2 

2.  Partially  adherent;  spores  0.016-0.024  mm.  in  diameter.  .  .  . 

P.  Schimperi 

Wholly  adherent;  spores  0.025-0.032  mm.  in  diameter 

P.  intricata 

Pylaisia  Schimperi  Card.    P.  intricata  of  some  author.*:.. 

Bark  of  trees  or  decaying  wood  in  the  woods  or  in  the 
open.  Autumn.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury, 
Nichols.     Hartford:    Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Miss  Lo- 


134  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

renz;  Southington,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven:  Branford  (1874),  Kleeherger : 
East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton;  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen; 
Orange  and  Woodbridge,  Veitch.  Middlesex  :  Chester,  Nich- 
ols.    New  London  :    New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

New  Brunswick  to  the  Gulf  States,  westward  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Pylaisia  subdenticulata  Schimp. 

On  rocks  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Tolland:  Ellington  (1876),  Pease.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.    New  Haven:    New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  England  to  Illinois,  southward  to  Florida  and  New 
Mexico. 

Pylaisia  intricata  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  P.  velutina  Schimp. 

On  stumps  and  trees  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  Au- 
tumn. Litchfield:  SdMshnry,  Nichols.  New  Haven :  East 
Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Hamden,  Young;  Milford,  Harger;  New 
Haven  (1855),  Eaton. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  south  to  North  Carolina. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Homalothecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

llomalothecium  subcapillatum  (Hedw.)  Sull. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn.  Fairfield: 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven:  Cheshire  (1855),  Black- 
man;  East  Haven  and  New  Haven,  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Pease. 

New  England  to  North  Carolina. 

Exsic.     Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.    No.  108. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Hi  FAMILA^   FABRONIACE^ 

Anacamptodon    Bnd. 
Anacamptodon  splachnoides  (Frol.)  Brid. 
On  tnmks  and  decaying  shelves  of  trees,  in  forks,  around 
knot  holes  full  of  water,  on  old  stumps  and  logs,  from  sea  level 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I35 

to  high  altitudes.  Local.  Spring.  Hartford:  East  Hart- 
ford, Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Hamden,  and  New 
Haven,  Nichols;  Wallingford  (1880),  O.  D.  Allen. 

New  England  to  Alabama,  west  to  Illinois  and  Texas; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Mrs.  Lowe,  56. 

FAMILY   LESKEACE7E  "2^' 

Thelia  Sull. 

1.  Papillae  of  leaves  simple T.  hirtella 

Papillae  of  leaves  variously  divided  at  the  tip 2 

2.  Leaves  ciliate;  plants  growing  on  trees T.  asprella 

Leaves  not  ciliate;  plants  growing  on  rocks  and  earth.... 

T.  Lescurii 

Thelia  hirtella  (Hedw.)  Sull. 

Stumps,  roots,  and  trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Hartford:  Southington,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Ellington, 
Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Had- 
ley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New 
Haven:  East  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Madison,  Basye;  New 
Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbcidge,  Nichols. 
Middlesex:  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London:  Water- 
ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  and  New  England  to  Kansas,  south  to  the  Gulf 
States. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65.     Mrs.  Hadley,  41. 

Thelia  asprella  (Schimp.)  Sull. 

Stumps,  roots,  and  trunks  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorens.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Ham- 
den, Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton. 
Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Nor- 
wich, Setchell. 

■  Ontario  and  New  England  to  Florida,  west  to  Minnesota 
and  Texas. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 


136  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Thelia  Lescurii  Siill. 

On  trap  ledges,  flat  rocks,  and  dry,  sandy  soil.  Fruit  rare, 
autumn.  Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols.  Hartford: 
Farmington,  Miss  Lorenz.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe. 
New  Haven:  East  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1877), 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  New  London  :  Waterford,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Massachusetts  to  Missouri,  south  to  the  Gulf  States. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65.    Grout,  38.    Rau  &  Hervey,  64,  52. 

Myurella  Br.  &  Sch. 

Leaves  serrulate,  obtuse,  rarely  short-apiculate M.  julacea 

Leaves  spinulose-dentate,  abruptly  long-acuminate.  .M.  gracilis 

Myurella  julacea  (Vill.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  rocky  banks  and  in  shady  fissures  of  rocks,  especially 
limestone,  in  mountainous  or  hilly  districts.  Fruit  rare,  July- 
Aug.  New  Haven:  Branford  and  Woodbridge  (1880),  /.  A. 
Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Myurella  gracilis  (Weinm.)   Lindb.     il/.  Careyana.  Snll. 

Crevices  of  moist  rocks,  usually  limestone,  in  mountainous 
or  hilly  regions.  Fruit  rare,  spring.  Litchfield:  Norfolk 
(1903),  Miss  Lorens;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford:  Wind- 
sor, Miss  Lorens.    Fairfield  :    Sherman,  Nichols. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Minnesota,  south  to  North  Carolina ;  Eu- 
rope ;  Asia. 

Haplohymenium  Doz.  &  Molk. 

Haplohymenium  triste  (Cesati)  Kindb.  Lcskea  tristis 
Cesati.    Anoniodon  tristis  Sull. 

On  steep  sunny  rocks  and  at  the  base  of  trees.  Not  yet 
found  fruiting  in  North  America.  Litchfield  :  New  Milford, 
Nichols.  New  LLwen  :  East  Haven  (1856),  Hamden,  and 
New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans;  Woodbridge, 
Eaton. 

Eastern  United  States;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I37 

Anomodon  Hook.  &  Tayl. 

1.  Upper  half  of  leaves  Ungulate,  obtuse   or  short-apiculate, 

leaves  spreading  when  moist 2 

Upper  half  of  leaves  more  or  less  tapering 3 

2.  Leaves  apiculate  and  with  large  auricles  at  the  base.... 

A.  apiculatus 
Leaves  rounded  at  apex,  base  not  auriculate A.  minor 

3.  Leaves  blunt,  apiculate,  subsecund;  branches  tapering.... 

A.  attenuatus 
Leaves     narrowlj'     acuminate,     spreading     when     moist; 
branches  blunt  A.  rostratus 

Anomodon  apiculatus  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  shaded  rocks  and  at  the  base  of  trees.  Autumn.  Litch- 
field:   Salisbury  (1900),  Gilinan. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  Georgia ;  Europe ; 
Asia. 

Anomodon  minor  (Beauv.)  Fiirn.  A.  obtnsifolius  Br. 
&  Sch. 

On  trees  and  rocks  in  the  woods.  Fruit  rare,  autumn. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  F.\irfield:  Darien,  Mrs. 
Lozve;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  H.a.ven  :  Cheshire,  Evans; 
Orange  (1875),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 

New  Brunswick  to  South  Dakota,  south  to  Virginia ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Chamberlain.  12,  78.    Eaton,  15,  65. 

Anomodon  attenuatus  (Schreb.)  Hiiben. 

Rocks,  stumps,  and  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn.  Litch- 
field: New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  GUman.  H.-\rtford: 
West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorcns.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Danbury, 
Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Loivc.  New  H.wen  :  Beacon  Falls 
and  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Nich- 
ols; New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middle- 
sex: Killingworth,  Nichols.    New  London:  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Florida,  west  to  British  Columbia  and 
Kansas  ;  Cuba  ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 


138  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Anomodon  rostratus  (Hedw.)  Schimp. 

At  the  base  of  trees  and  on  rocks  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  Cornwall,  Brezvster;  New  Milford,  Nichols; 
Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lowe; 
Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nich- 
ols; Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Nich- 
ols; New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Nichols.  Mid- 
dlesex :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  North  Ston- 
ington,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Canada  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65.     Mrs.  Hadley,  42. 

Leskea  Hedw. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong-,  obtuse,  not  plicate t.  obscura 

Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate,  biplicate.  . .  . 

L.  polycarpa 

Leskea  polycarpa  Ehrh. 

On  roots  and  stones,  trunks  of  trees,  and  decaying  wood  in 
wet  places.  May- June.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease.  Fair- 
field :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven  :  New  Haven, 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Wallingford  (1878),  Barron.  New 
London  :   New  London,  Spaulding. 

Newfoundland  to  British  Columbia,  and  southward ;  Eu- 
rope; Asia. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  192'=. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Leskea  obscura  Hedw. 

Roots  of  trees,  stones,  and  logs  subject  to  inundation.  May- 
June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols;  Woodbury,  Eaton. 
Hartford:  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz. 
Tolland  :  Vernon,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Hamden,  O.  D. 
Allen;  New  Haven  (1874),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Nichols; 
Wallingford,  Barron.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth  and  Port- 
land, Nichols.    New  London  :   New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  1 39 

New  Brunswick,  Ontario,  and  the  United  States  east  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains ;  Japan. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Rauia  Aust. 

Rauia  scita  (Bcauv.)  Aust.  Hypmim  scitum  Beauv. 
Thnidiuni  scitum  Aust. 

At  tlie  base  of  trees  and  on  stones  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Tolland  :  ElHngton,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  Hamden  and  New 
Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Eaton;  Walhngford,  Barron; 
Woodbridge  (1866),  Eaton. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  North  Carohna  and 
Missouri. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Haplocladium  C.  Miill. 
Stem  leaves  roundish-ovate,  abruptly  short-acuminate.... 

H.  virginianum 
Stem  leaves  ovate,  gradually  acuminate H.  microphyllum 

Haplocladium  virginianum  (Brid.)  Broth.  Hypnum 
gracilc  var.  lancastriense  Sull.  &  Lesq.  Thuidiiim  virginianum 
Lindb. 

On  the  ground  in  open  woods.  May-June.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Canton,  Nichols.  Tolland: 
Staft'ord,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven 
(1876),  Pease;  Orange,  Nichols;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middle- 
sex :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Montville,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Massachusetts  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  Mexico;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  172  (as 
Thuidiiim  virginianum) . 

Ref.     Mrs.  Lov/e,  55;  58. 

Haplocladium  microphyllum  (Sw.)  Broth.  Hypnum 
gracile  Br.  &  Sch.  Thuidium  gracile  Br.  &  Sch.  T.  micro- 
phyllum Best. 


I40  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

On  rotten  wood,  bases  of  trees,  stones,  and  the  ground. 
Summer.    New  Haven:   Woodbridge  (1879),  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  Brunswick  to  British  Columbia,  and  southward  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  Cuba  ;  Jamaica  :  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Limpricht,  5l^  828. 

Claopodium  (Lesq.  &  James)  Ren.  &  Card. 

Claopodium  pellucinerve  (Mitt.)  Best. 

"  On  an  old  log  in  a  swamp."  Fairfield:  Darien  (1903), 
Mrs.  Lowe. 

Known  from  but  two  other  localities  —  North  India  and 
Yukon  Territory. 

Ref.     Miss  Wheeler,  80. 

Thuidium  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Monoicous ;  plants  small   2 

Dioicous;  plants  large,  stems  6-10  cm.  long 3 

2.  Stem   1-2  cm.  long;  branches  papillose T.  pygmaeum 

Stem  2-4  cm.  long;  branches  smooth T.  minutulum 

3.  Stem  pinnately  branched;  plants  ascending T,  abietinum 

Stems  mostly  bipinnatelj^  branched;  plants  prostrate 4 

4.  Stem    leaves    abruptly    acuminate,    margin    plane,    midrib 

percurrent;   perichastial   leaves   not    ciliate.  . .  .T.  recognitum 
IVfargin   of   stem   leaves   revolute.   midrib  vanishing   below 
the    apex     5 

5.  Branches    densely    paraphyllose;    stem    leaves    gradually 

acuminate,  coarsely  papillose;   pericha^tial   leaves  ciliate 

T.  delicatulum 
Branches  with  few  or  no  paraphyllia;  stem  leaves  minutely 
papillose;  perichsetial  leaves  not  ciliate T.  Alleni 

Thuidium  pygmaeum  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnuni  pygmceum 
Sull. 

Rocks  or  earth  in  the  woods.  Summer.  New  Haven  : 
Cheshire  (1879),  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  England  to  Ohio ;  Canada ;  Asia. 

Thuidium  minutulum  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypmim 
minutulum  Hedw. 

At  the  base  of  trees  and  on  rotten  logs  in  the  woods. 
Autumn.  New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1855)  and  Orange, 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Evans. 


No.    II.]  THE    I5RY0PIIYTF..S    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I4I 

New  Brunswick  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida  and  Mexico; 
Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65. 

Thuidium  recognitum  (Hedw.)  Lindb.  Hypnitm  recog- 
nitimi  Hedw. 

On  the  ground,  rotten  wood,  and  rocks  in  moist  woods. 
Nov.-Dec.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford: 
Hartford,  Mrs.  Lotve.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs. 
Lowe.  New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen.    Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Labrador  to  Yukon  Territory,  south  in  the  east  to  Florida ; 
Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Thuidium  delicatulum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum  deli- 
catuluni  L. 

On  the  ground,  rocks,  and  rotten  wood  in  moist  woods. 
Nov.-Dec.  Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Norfolk, 
Eaton;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Burlington,  Nichols; 
'West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease;  ^'^ 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  ^TX^ 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New 
Haven  :  East  Haven  and  Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison,  Nichols; 
New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger; 
Woodbridge  (1875),  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Chester  and  Kil- 
lingworth, N^ichols.  New  London:  North  Stonington  and 
Water  ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Labrador  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  south  to  the  Gulf  States 
and  Mexico ;  West  Indies ;  Central  and  South  America ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  65.     IMrs.  Lowe,  59. 

J  J)         Thuidium  Alleni  Aust.    Hypnum  Alleni  Lesq.  &  James. 
Peat  bogs.     Mature  sporophyte  unknown.     New  Haven  : 
New  Haven  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen. 
Connecticut  to  Louisiana. 
Ref.     Austin,  4,  15,  16.     Grout,  37,  240.     Lesquereux  & 


142  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

James,    50,    327.     Paris,    61,  275 ;    62^    3.     Rau    &    Hervey, 
64,  52.    Renauld  &  Cardot,  65,  16. 

Thuidium  abietinum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnuni  abietinnm 
L. 

On  rocks  and  the  ground  in  dry,  open  woods,  especially 
in  calcareous  districts.  Spring;  not  yet  found  fruiting-  in 
the  eastern  United  States.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1907), 
Nichols. 

Greenland  to  Virginia,  westward  to  Alaska  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Elodium   (Sull.)   Warnst. 

Elodium  paludosum  (Sull.)  Loeske.  Hypnum  paliidosum 
Sull.     Thuidium  paludosum  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

On  the  ground  in  swamps  and  bogs.  June.  Hartford: 
Canton,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozuc;  Stratford,  Nichols.  New 
Haven  :  East  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Hamden  and  New  Haven 
(1856),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middle- 
sex :  Chester,  /.  A.  Allen;  Middlefield,  Evans;  Saybrook, 
Eaton. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  Delaware  and  Illinois : 
Asia. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  156  (as 
Thuidium  paludosum) . 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  66.  Mrs.  Hadley,  40.  Mrs.  Lonnc,  58. 
Rau,  63,  152. 

FAMILY  HYPNACE^ 

Camptothecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

Camptothecium  nitens  (Schreb.)  Schimp.  Hypnum 
nitens  Schreb. 

Swamps,  bogs,  and  wet  meadows.  May- June.  Hartford  : 
Berlin  (1875),  Coleman. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I43 

Brachythecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Stalk    smooth   throughout* 2 

Stalk  more  or  less  roughened 5 

2.  Dioicous     3 

Monoicous     4 

3.  Capsules  erect  and  symmetrical .B.  acuminatum 

Capsules  unsymmetrical,  more  or  less  inclined.  .B.  oxycladon 

4.  Stem    leaves    gradually    narrowed    from    base    to    slender 

apex     B.  acutum 

Stem  leaves  ovate-lanceolate B.  salebrosum 

5.  Stalk  rough  above,  nearly  smooth  below;  monoicous 6 

Stalk  rough  throughout  with  large,  crowded  papillae 8 

6.  Midrib  extending  nearly  to  apex  of  leaf B.  populeum 

Midrib  extending  to  middle  of  leaf  or  a  little  beyond.  ...       7 

7.  Cilia    appendiculate     B.  plumosum 

Cilia    not    appendiculate     B.  campestre 

8.  Dioicous     9 

Monoicous    10 

9.  Cells   of  branch   leaves   about   5   times   as   long  as   broad, 

unipapillate    B.  Novae-Angliae 

Cells  of  branch  leaves  at  least  8  times  as  long  as  broad, 

smooth   B.  rivulare 

ID.     Stem  leaves  lanceolate;  cilia  not  appendiculate.  .B.  velutinum 

Stem   leaves  ovate  to   triangular-ovate 11 

1 1.     Cilia  not  appendiculate   B.  Rutabulum 

Cilia  appendiculate    B.  Starkei 

Brachythecium  salebrosum  (Hoffm.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hyp- 
niini  salebrosum  Hoffm. 

On  rocks  and  earth,  trunks  and  roots  of  trees,  and  decaying 
wood,  in  moist  shaded  places,  especially  in  pine  or  hemlock 
woods.  Autumn.  Hartford  :  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lowe.  Tol- 
land :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven: 
Cheshire  and  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Guilford,  Hamden,  and 
New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Harger;  Orange, 
Nichols;  Woodbridge,  Evans.  New  London  :  North  Stoning- 
ton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  southward  to  South  Caro- 
lina and  Missouri ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 


144  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Brachythecium  campestre  (C.  Miill.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hyp- 
nuni  campestre  Bruch. 

Wet  non-calcareous  rocks,  moist  banks,  or  decaying  logs. 
Winter.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Haniden  (1876),  Pease;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford, 
/.  A.  Allen.    New  London  :   New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  to  the 
mountains  of  Alabama  and  Colorado ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Brachythecium  acutum  (j\Iitt.)  SuU.  Hypnum  acutum 
Mitt. 

On  rotten  logs  and  earth  in  moist  places.  Autumn.  New 
Haven:   New  Haven  (1875),  P<^ase. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  to  Arkansas. 

Brachythecium  oxycladon  (Brid.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb.  Hyp- 
num Icetiim  Brid.     Brachythecium  Icetum  Br,  &  Sch. 

Earth,  rocks,  and  roots  of  trees  in  open  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Evans.  Tol- 
land: Somtrs,  Pease ;  Si2i^or6.,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Hunt- 
ington. Sherman,  and  Stratford,  Nicliols.  New  Haven: 
Cheshire  (1856),  Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven 
and  Orange,  £a/on;  Woodbridge,  M<:/?o/.y.  Middlesex:  Kil- 
lingworth,  Nichols;  Saybrook,  Eaton.  New  London  :  Water- 
ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Florida,  westward  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains ;  Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Brachythecium  Rutabulum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
Rutahulum  L. 

Earth,  stones,  trees,  and  rotting  wood  in  shaded  places. 
Winter.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe; 
Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Ham- 
den, /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I45 

]\[ir)DLESEx:  Saybrook.  Eaton.  New  London:  New  London, 
C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Michigan,  south  to  Maryland  and  Mis- 
souri, and  on  the  Pacific  slope ;  Greenland ;  Europe ;  Asia ; 
Africa. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  66.  Renauld 
&  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  243. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66. 

Brachythecium  rivulare  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum  rividare 
Bruch. 

Wet  rocks  in  brooks,  swamps,  and  ravines.  Winter. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Burlington, 
Nichols;  Hartford,  Mrs.  Loivc.  Tolland:  Bolton,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Windham,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls, 
Nichols;  Bethany  (1876),  Eaton;  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen;  Woodbridge,  Bre-wster. 

Northern  North  America,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Missouri ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Exsic.    Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  244. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66. 

Brachythecium  acuminatum  (Hedw.)  Kindb.  Hypnum 
acuminatum  Beauv. 

On  roots  of  trees,  decaying  logs,  and  rocks  in  moist  woods. 
Autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Gilman.  New  Haven  : 
Orange  (1889),  Eaton. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Minnesota  and  Colorado,  south  to  the 
Gulf  States. 

Brachythecium  plumosum  (Sw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
plumosiim  Sw. 

Wet  non-calcareous  rocks  in  brooks.  Autumn.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Gilman.  Tolland:  Stafford  and  Vernon, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham, 
Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Darien  and  Norwalk,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Cheshire,  Eaton;  Derby  and 
Hamden,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange, 
Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;   Woodbridge,  Eaton.      Middlesex: 


146  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull, 

Killingworth,  Xichols.  New  London  :  Waterford,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  British  Columbia,  south  in  the  east  to 
Alabama ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66.     Mrs.  Lowe,  57. 

Brachythecium  populeum  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnunt 
populeum  Hedw. 

Stones,  roots,  and  trunks  of  trees,  in  shaded  places,  es- 
pecially in  pine  woods.  Winter.  Windham  :  Canterbury, 
Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1874),  Young; 
Hamden,  0.  D.  Allen;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  Eaton. 

Var.  rufescens  Br.  &  Sch.    Hypnum  petrophilwm  Funck. 

On  trap  rock.  New  Haven:  New  Haven  (1876),  Pease. 
The  only  American  locality  for  the  variety. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  south  to  North  Carolina ;  British 
Columbia ;  Europe  ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton  15,  66.     Grout,  34,  190  (var.  rufescens). 

Brachythecium  Starkei  (Brid.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
Starkei  Hedw. 

At  the  base  of  trees,  on  rotting  stumps  and  earth,  in  moist 
mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  Winter.  Fairfield:  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lowe.    New  Haven:   Woodbridge  (1877),  0.  D.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe. 

Brachythecium  Novae- Angliae  (Sull.  &  Lesq.)  Jaeg.  & 
Sauerb.     Hypnnni  Novcc-.inglicc  Sull.  &  Lesq. 

On  the  ground  in  swamps  and  wet  woods.  Winter. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Bolton  and 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien  and  Norwalk,  Mrs. 
Lowe;  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden,  Pease;  Madison,  Nichols; 
New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange, 
Evans.  Middlesex  :  Saybrook,  Eaton.  New  London  :  Led- 
yard,  Nichols. 


Xo.    II.]  THE    HKYDl'HYTES    OF    CON  NI-XTICUT.  147 

Canada  southward  to  North  CaroHna  and  Missouri ; 
Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66. 

Brachythecium  velutinum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
velutinum  L. 

On  earth  and  rocks,  at  the  base  of  trees,  and  on  rotting 
wood.  Winter.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Evans;  Hamden 
(1875),  Young;  New  Haven,  Eaton. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States  ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66. 

Cirriphyllum   Grout 

Stalk    smooth    C.  Boscii 

Stalk   rough    C.  piliferum 

Cirriphyllum  piliferum  (Schreb.)  Grout.  Hypnum  pili- 
ferum Schreb.     Eurynchitmi  piliferum  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  the  ground  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  wet  woods  and 
meadows.  Fruit  rare,  autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury, 
Nichols.  Hartford  :  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven  : 
Woodbridge  (1876),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Newfoundland  to  Maryland  and  Ohio;  Montana  to  Cali- 
fornia ;  Greenland  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Cirriphyllum  Boscii  (Schwaegr.)  Grout.  Hypnum  Boscii 
Schwaegr.    Eurynchium  Boscii  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

On  rocks  or  on  the  ground  in  moist  open  woods.  Fruit 
rare,  autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Huntington,  Nichols; 
Redding,  Evans;  Sherman,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Derby, 
O.  D.  Allen;  East  Haven,  Hamden,  and  Madison,  Nichols; 
Meriden,  Miss  Lorenz;  New  Flaven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange, 
Evans;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols; 
Saybrook,  Eaton.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols;  New 
London,  C.  B.  Graves;  Norwich,  Setchell;  Old  Lyme,  Eaton. 

Vermont  to  Florida,  westward  to  Colorado  and  Arkansas. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66.    Mrs.  Hadley,  41. 


148  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [DuU. 

Eurynchium  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Stalk    smooth    2 

Stalk    rough    4 

2.  Mosses  growing  on  earth,  rocks,  or  logs  in  moist  woods  3 
Mosses  growing  on  wet  rocks  in  brooks  or  springs 

E.  rusciforme 

3.  Leaves  spreading;  branches  attenuate E.  strigosum 

Leaves  appressed-imbricated;  branches  short,  julaceous.. 

E.  diversifolium 

4.  Leaves  distinctly  papillose;  median  cells  4-6  times  as  long 

as  broad  E.  graminicolor 

Leaves    smooth    or    only    slightly    papillose;    median    cells 
6-10  times  as  long  as  broad E.  hians 

Eurynchium  strigosum  (Hoffm.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
strigosum  Hoffm. 

Gravelly  soil  or  rocks,  roots  and  old  logs,  in  open  woods. 
Autumn.  Tolland:  Elhngton,  Pease.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Ham- 
den,  Pease;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Nichols; 
Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  66. 

Eurynchium  diversifolium  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum  diversi- 
folium Schimp. 

Soil  and  rocks  in  mountainotis  woods.  Late  autumn. 
Fairfield  :  Huntington,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Cramer;  Hamden  and  New  Haven  (1866),  Eaton.  New 
London  :    Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Ontario  and  New  England  to  British  Columbia,  south  to 
Louisiana  ;  Greenland  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Eurynchium  graminicolor  (Brid.)  Ren.  &  Card.  Hyp- 
num Snllivaiitii  Spruce.  EuryncJiium  SulUvantii  Jaeg.  & 
Saucrb.     Bryhnia  graminicolor  Grout. 


No.   II.  I         THI-:  nKV()iMiYTi:s  or-  io.wik  ricur.  149 

On  rocks  and  the  <;Toun(l,  rarely  on  wood,  in  moist 
shaded  places.  Autumn.  Litchfiei.d:  Canaan  and  Salisbury, 
Nichols.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Bran- 
ford  and  Cheshire  (1858),  Eaton;  Derby,  O.  D.  Allen;  Ham- 
den,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 

New  Brunswick  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Georgia. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  196 
(as  £.  Sidlivantii) . 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66.     Grout,  35,  233. 

Eurynchium  hians  (Hedw.)  Jaeg.  &  Saucrb.  Ilypnum 
hians  Hedw. 

Moist  earth  in  open  woods.  Late  autumn.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  Burlington  and  Canton, 
Nichols;  Manchester,  Cheney.  Tolland  :  Bolton  and  Staf- 
ford, Mc/io/.y.  Windham:  Windham,  McAo/,?.  New  Haven: 
Cheshire  (1855),  Blackman;  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen;  Meriden,  Miss  Lorcna;  New  Haven,  Eaton; 
Woodbridge,  Evans.     Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Nova  Scotia  to  British  Columbia,  south  in  the  east  to 
Alabama ;  Europe. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  66. 

Eurynchium  ruscifcrme  (Neck.)  Milde.  Hypnum  nisei- 
forme  Neck.     Rhynchoste giuin  rusciforme  Br.  &  Sch. 

Dripping  rocks  and  wet  stones  in  brooks.  Autumn. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford  :  Burlington  and 
Granby,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Stafford  and  Vernon,  Nichols. 
Fairfield:  Monroe,  Miss  Lorenj:;  Redding,  Evans.  New 
Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  and  New  Haven 
(1856),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Oxford,  Harger;  Wood- 
bridge,  O.  D.  Allen.  Middlesex  :  East  Haddam,  C.  B.  Graves; 
Killingworth,  Nichols.     New  London  :    Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Ontario,  south  to  Georgia,  and  on  the 
Pacific  slope  ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  197 
(as  Rhynchoste gium  rusciforme). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 


150  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Rhynchostegium  Br.  &  Sch. 

Rhynchostegium  serrulatum  (Hedw.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 
Hypnum  serrulatum  Hedw. 

On  earth,  roots  of  trees,  and  logs  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford :  Farmington,  Mrs.  Lozve.  Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Darien, 
Mrs.  Lozve;  Huntington,  Nichols;  Norwalk,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New 
Haven:  East  Haven,  Guilford,  and  Meriden,  Eaton;  Madi- 
son, Nichols;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans; 
Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex  :  Chester  and  Killingworth, 
Nichols.    New  London  :   Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Newfoundland  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ; 
Alaska ;  British  Columbia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Sematophyllum   Mitt. 

1.  Plants   growing  on   wet  rocks;   monoicous;   leaves   entire; 

cilia  one  or  two,  short  and  imperfect S.  carolinianum 

Plants  growing  on  trees,  decayed  logs,  or  shaded  banks; 
dioicous     2 

2.  Cilia  two,  well  developed;  leaves  serrulate  at  apex 

S.  recurvans 
Cilia  none  or  rudimentary;  leaves  sharply  serrate  at  apex 

S.  tenuirostre 

Sematophyllum  recurvans  (Michx.)  E.  G.  Britton. 
Hypnum  recurvans  Beauv.     Rhynchostegium  rccurz'ans  Aust. 

At  the  base  of  trees,  on  rotten  logs,  and  on  the  ground, 
in  moist  woods,  especially  in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions. 
Autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  GtVwaw.  Hartford:  Hart- 
ford. Mrs.  Lozjue.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury.  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  (1855), 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex: 
Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Var.  squarrosa  (Michx.)  E.  G.  Britton.  Leskea  squar- 
rosa  Michx. 

New  Haven:    New  Haven  (1890),  Chatterfon. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  151 

Newfoundland  to  Manitoba,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Missouri ;  Mexico. 

Ref.  Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton,  lo,  6i  (var.  squarrosa).  Eaton, 
15.  67. 

Sematophyllum  tenuirostre  (Br.  &  Sch.)  E.  G.  Britton. 
Hypnum  cylindrocarpitm  C.  Miill.  Rhynchostegium  cylindro- 
carpiim  Aust. 

On  rocks  and  decaying  logs  in  the  woods.  Autumn.  New 
Haven:   Hamden  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Labrador  and   Newfoundland,   south  to   Georgia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Sematophyllum  carolinianum  (C.  Miill.)  E.  G.  Britton. 
Hypnum    demissum   Wils.    var.    carolinianum    Sull.    &   Lesq. 

Wet,  non-calcareous  rocks  in  mountain  or  hill  ravines. 
Autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  Hart- 
ford, Mrs.  Lotve.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New 
Haven:  Orange  (1875),  Young;  Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 
Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  the  Gulf  States ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  307  (as 
Raphidostegium  carolinianum) . 

Isopterygium  Mitt. 

1.  Leaves  distinctly  serrulate,  at  least  in  the  apical  half 2 

Leaves  entire,  or  nearly  so 3 

2.  Plants    monoicous;    leaves    serrulate    to    the    middle 

I.  turfaceum 
Plants    dioicous;    leaves   serrulate   to  the  base.. I.  deplanatum 

3.  Le«.ves     perfectly     entire,     without     axillary     propagula; 

branchlets    tending    to   become    flagelliform    at    the   tips 

I.  Muellerianum 
Leaves  slightly  serrulate  at  apex,  and  frequently  producing 
numerous  leafy  propagula  in  the  axils;  branchlets  never 
flagelliform    I.  elegans 

Isopterygium  deplanatum  (Schimp.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 
Hypnum  deplanatum  Schimp.  Rhynchostegium  deplanatum 
Sull. 

On   earth,   flat   stones,   or   rotten   wood   in    moist   woods. 


152  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    .PURVEY.         [Bllll. 

Fruit    rare,    autumn.      Tolland:     Stafford,    Nichols.      New 
Haven:   Cheshire,  £z/a;i.?;  Hamden  (1876),  P^a^y^. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Manitoba,  south  to  Maryland  and  Missouri. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Isopterygium  turfaceum  Lindb.  Hypnum  turf ac cum 
Lindb. 

In  peat  bogs  or  on  moist  rich  soil  in  the  woods.  Early 
summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven: 
East  Haven,  Nichols;  Woodbridge  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Canada  south  to  Georgia  and  Texas ;  Europe. 

Isopterygium  Muellerianum  (Schimp.)  Lindb.  Hypnum 
Muellerianum  Hook.  f. 

Moist  rocks  and  earth  in  mountainous  or  hilly  ravines. 
Fruit  rare,  late  summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Miss  Lo- 
renz.  Hartford:  Manchester,  Miss  Lorens.  New  Haven: 
Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen.  Mid- 
dlesex :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

New  England  to  North  Carolina  and  Ohio ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Isopterygium  elegans  (Hook.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  elegans 
Hook. 

On  the  ground  and  rocks  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods. 
Summer.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Woodbridge 
(1879),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Throughout  northern  North  America,  and  south  along  the 
mountains  to  Alabama  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Plagiothecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Leaves    equally    spreading,    alar    cells    greatly    enlarged; 

branches   erect    P.  striatellum 

Leaves   more   or   less   complanate 2 

2.  Teeth  of  peristome  not  confluent  at  base  and  without  cross 

striations  on  outer  surface;  cilia  lacking P.  latebricola 

Teeth  of  peristome  confluent  at  base  and  distinctly  trans- 
versely striate  on  outer  surface;  cilia  present 3 

3.  Monoicous;  stems  depressed;  leaves  distinctly  complanate, 

pale  green,  very   glossy P.  denticulatum 

Dioicous    4 


No.   n.]         Tin-:  r.RvopiiVTES  of  coxnf.cticut.  153 

4.     Stems    depressed:    leaves    distinctly    complanate,    acute    to 

acuminate,  dark  green,  scarcely  glossy P.  sylvaticum 

Stems  ascending;  leaves  obscurely  complanate  or  spread- 
ing, distinctly  acuminate,  pale  green,  glossy.  ..P,  Roeseanum 

Plagiothecium  latebricola  (Wil.s.)  Br.  &  Scli.  Hypiuim 
latebricola  Lindb. 

Roots,  stumps,  and  hummocks  in  swamps.  Late  summer. 
New  Haven:    East  Haven  (1879),  J-  ^-  Allen. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  south  to  Alabama ;  Europe. 

Plagiothecium  sylvaticum  (Huds.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hyp- 
nwn  sylvaticum  Huds. 

On  soil,  rocks,  and  decaying  logs  in  the  woods.  Summer. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Gilman. 
Hartford:  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland:  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Windham,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Meriden  (1856),  Eaton;  North  Haven, 
Nichols;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  : 
Durham,  Evans. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Alabama ;  Alaska  to 
Oregon  ;  Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  6y. 

Plagiothecium  Roeseanum  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypniim  Sulli- 
vanticc  Schimp. 

On  earth  and  stones  in  swampy  woods.  Summer.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
/.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1876),  Pease. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alaska  and  British  Columbia,  south  in  the 
east  to  Florida  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Plagiothecium  denticulatum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
dentictilatum  L. 

Decayed  logs,  stones,  and  humus  in  moist  woods.  Summer. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  Farmington, 
Mrs.  Lozve;  Southington.  Chamberlain.  Tolland:  Ellington, 
Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve. 
New    Haven  :     Beacon    Falls,    Nichols;   Bethany,    Merriam; 


154  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

East  Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden,  Pease ;  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen; 
North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange  (1874),  Young.  Middlesex: 
Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Var.  laetum  (Br.  &  Sch.)  Lindb. 

Tolland  :  Ellington,  Pease.  New  Haven  :  New  Haven 
(1876)  and  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
southward  along  the  mountains ;  South  America ;  Europe ; 
Asia  ;  Africa  ;  New  Zealand  ;  Tasmania. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Plagiothecium  striatellum  (Brid.)  Lindb.  Hypmim 
Muhlenbcckii  Spruce.     P.  Muhlenhcckii  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  earth,  non-calcareous  rocks,  and  rotten  logs  in  the 
woods.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilinan.  Hart- 
ford: East  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lozve.  Tolland:  Ellington, 
Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve ;  Easton,  Eames; 
Norwalk,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Redding,  Evans;  Stratford,  Eames. 
New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  East  Haven,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Hamden  and  New  Haven  (1866),  Eaton.  Middlesex: 
Durham,  Evans;  Killingworth,  Nichols;  Saybrook,  Eaton. 
New  London  :  East  Lyme,  C.  B.  Graves;  Ledyard,  Nichols; 
Old  Lyme  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Greenland  and  Newfoundland  to  Minnesota,  south  to  North 
Carolina  ;  Alaska ;  Europe. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  67.     Mrs.  Lowe,  56. 

Amblystegiella  Loeske 

Plants  minute   (0.5-1  cm.  long);  leaves  0.2-0.4  mm.  long.. 

A.  confervoides 
Plants   larger    (2-4  cm.    long);    leaves   0.8-1.2   mm.    long.. 

A.  adnata 

Amblystegiella  confervoides  (Brid.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
confervoides  Brid. 

Shaded  limestone  ledges.  Summer.  Litchfield  :  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.     Fairfield:    Sherman   (1906),  Evans. 

New  Brunswick  to  Connecticut  and  Ohio,  westward  to 
the  Rocky  Mountains  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF   CONNECTICUT.  1 55 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  317  (as 
Amblystegium  confcrvoides) . 

Amblystegiella  adnata  (Hedw.)  Nichols.  Hypmun 
adnatum  Hedw.     Amblystegium  adnatum  Aust. 

On  rocks  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield  :  SaHsbury,  Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Danbury, 
Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1875),  Eaton;  Wood- 
bridge,  /.  A.  Allen.  New  London:  New  London,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

New  Brunswick  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  Texas ;  A^ia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Amblystegium  Br.  &  Sch. 

1.  Leaves   with   a   distinct   border,   rriidrib   joining  border   at 

apex    A.  Lescurii 

Leaves  not  bordered  2 

2.  INIidrib  extending  nearly  or  quite  to  apex 3 

Midrib  disappearing  at  the  middle  or  above 6 

3.  Leaves  not  acuminate,  apex  blunt A.  fluviatile 

Leaves  acuminate,  apex  acute 4 

4.  Basal  cells  abruptly  enlarged A.  irriguum 

Basal  cells  not  enlarged 5 

5.  Midrib  ceasing  below  apex,  0.024-0.035  mm.  wide  at  base.  . 

A.  varium 
Midrib  commonly  strong,  excurrent,  0.065-0.225  mm.  wide 
at  base    A.  noterophilum 

6.  Cells  near  middle  of  leaf  10-15  times  as  long  as  broad.  .  .  .' 

A.  riparium 
Cells  near  middle  of  leaf  8  times  as  long  as  broad,  or  less.  .       7 

7.  Alar  cells  quadrate  or  transversely  elongated A.  serpens 

Alar  cells  oblong  8 

8.  Stem  leaves  0.9-1.2  mm.  long A.  Juratzkanum 

Stem  leaves  i. 2-1.6  mm.  long A.  Kochii 

Amblystegium  serpens  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypniim  ser- 
pens L. 

On  the  roots  and  at  the  base  of  trees,  on  decaying  logs, 
soil,  and  rocks  in  moist  vv-oods.     Early  summer.     Litchfield: 


156  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lowe.  Tol- 
land :  Elling-ton,  Pease.  New  Haven  :  Branford  and  Ham- 
den,  0.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  New  London: 
Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  found  in  most  parts 
of  the  world. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Amblystegium  Juratzkanum  Schimp. 

Moist  stones  or  earth.  Early  summer.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury  (1905),  Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.     New  Haven  :    North  Branford,  Evans. 

Temperate  North  America ;  Europe :  Asia. 

Amblystegium  varium  (Hedw.)  Lindb.  Hypnuni  ortho- 
cladon  Brid.  Amblystegium  radicalc  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnnm 
radicalc  Wils.     Amblystegium  orthocladon  Mac.  &:  Kindb. 

On  stones,  earth,  or  rotten  wood,  and  at  the  l)asc  of  trees 
in  moist  woods.  Late  spring.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gil- 
man.  Hartford:  Canton,  Nichols;  Windsor,  W.  E.  Britton. 
Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe; 
Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire,  Nichols;  East 
Haven,  Hamden,  and  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  North  Bran- 
ford, Evans;  Orange  (1874),  Kleeberger.  Middlesex: 
Chester,  Nichols.     New  London  :    Groton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Southern  Canada  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  Europe. 

Ref.    Eaton,  15,  67. 

Amblystegium  irriguum  (Wils.)  Br,  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
irriguum  Wils. 

On  earth  or  stones,  not  on  limestone,  in  wet  places,  fre- 
quently in  the  water.  Late  spring.  Hartford:  Hartford  and 
Windsor,  Mrs.  Lozve. 

Ontario  southward  to  North  Carolina  and  IMissouri; 
Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Mrs.  Lowe,  58. 

Amblystegium  noterophilum  (Sull.)  Holzing.  Jfypnum 
irriguum  var.  spinifolium  Lesq.  &  James. 


No.    II.]  THK    CRVOPIIVTES   OF    CONNIiCTICUT.  157 

In  or  at  the  margins  of  springs  and  streams  in  calcareous 
regions.  Rarely  fruiting;  summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury, 
(1907),  Nichols. 

New  England  to  Pemisylvania,  westward  to  Montana  and 
Oregon. 

Amblystegium  fluviatile  (S\v.)  Br.  8c  Sch.  Hypmim 
Huviatile  Sw. 

Rocks  or  earth  in  and  along  streams  in  non-calcareous 
districts.  Early  summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
Hartford:  Berlin,  Coleman;  Plainville  and  Southington, 
Chamberlain.  Tollaxd:  Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Havex  : 
Cheshire,  Eaton;  East  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Hamden,  Nichols: 
Meriden  (1856),  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans.  Middle- 
sex :   Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Wisconsin,  south  to  New  Jersey  and 
Missouri ;  Europe. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  246 
(as  A.  orthocladon). 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Amblystegium  Lescurii  (Sull.)  Aust.  Hypnum  Lescurii 
Sull. 

Wet  rocks  in  mountain  or  hill  streams.  Late  spring. 
Tolland:  Ellington,  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  New  Havex: 
Ansonia,  O.  D.  Allen;  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Orange  (1874),  Kleeberger.  New  London:  Groton, 
C.  B.  Graves;  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

Ontario  and  New  England,  south  to  Georgia. 

Amblystegium  riparium  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum  ripa- 
rium  L. 

On  earth,  stones,  and  roots  of  trees,  in  swamps,  springs, 
or  running  water.  Late  spring.  Litchfield:  Litchfield, 
Mrs.  E.  G.  Britton;  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hart- 
ford, Mrs.  Lozce;  Southington,  Nichols.  Tolland:  Bolton, 
Nichols;  Ellington,  Pease.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Ham- 
den, and  New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton.  New  Loxdon  :  Water- 
ford,  C.  B.  Graves. 


I5S  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Var.  longifolium  (Schultz)  Br.  &  Sch.    . 
Fairfield:    Darien   (1903),  Mrs.  Lowe. 
Throughout    North    America,    and    in    most    parts    of    the 
world. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Amblystegium  Kochii  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  earth  in  moist  woods.  Early  summer.  New  Haven  : 
New  Haven  (1906),  Nichols. 

Probably  throughout  temperate  North  America ;  Europe ; 
Asia. 

Chrysohypnum   (Hampe)   G.  Roth 

1.  Midrib  wanting,   or  very   short   and   double 2 

Midrib   distinct,  single 4 

2.  Monoicous;  plants  small  (1-4  cm.  long);  leaA'^es  finely  ser- 

rulate all  around C.  hispidulum 

Dioicous;  plants  larger  (s-io  cm.  long);  leaves  entire 3 

3.  Stems    erect   or   ascending;    leaves    gradually   acuminate.. 

C.  stellatum 
Stems    procumbent;    leaves    suddenly    ending    in    a    long 
piliform  acumen   C.  protensum 

4.  Leaves    squarrose,    alar    cells    scarcely    enlarged 

C.  chrysophyllum 
Leaves  erect,   spreading;   alar  cells   enlarged.  .  .C.  polygamum 

Chrysohypnum  hispidulum  (Brid.)  G.  Roth.  Hypnnin 
hispidulum  Brid. 

Roots  of  trees,  decayed  wood,  and  humus,  in  wet,  swampy 
woods.  Summer.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford: Farmington,  ilfr.y.  Low^.  Tolland:  Ellington,  P^a.?^. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  : 
Cheshire  and  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  Madi- 
son, Nichols ;''New  Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Orange  and  Oxford, 
Harger.  New  London  :  New  London  and  Waterford,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Canada  southward  to  North  Carolina  and  Missouri ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  6y.  • 

Chrysohypnum  chrysophyllum  (Brid.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
chrysophyllum  Brid. 

Rocks,  earth,  roots,  and  stumps,  in  moist  places.     Summer. 


No.    II,]  THE    BRVOPIIVTKS    6f   CONNECTICUT.  1 59 

Litchfiei.d:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Farmington, 
Mrs.  Lowe;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland  :  Elling- 
ton (1876),  Pease;  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Ham- 
den,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven,  Pease;  Orange,  O.  D.  Allen. 
Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Var.  tenellum  Schimp.     Hypnmn  hcrgcncnsc  Aust. 

New  Haven:  Ansonia,  O.  D.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1881), 
7.  A.  Allen. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  to  Louisiana ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Chrysohypnum  protensum  (Brid.)  Loeske.  Hypnmn 
stellatum  var.  protensum  Rohl. 

On  hummocks  in  swamps,  and  on  the  ground  in  wet  places. 
Fruit  rare,  summer.  New  Haven  :  Branford,  O.  D.  Allen; 
Cheshire,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1880),  7.  A.  Allen.  New 
London  :    Norwich,  Hatcher. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Chrysohypnum  stellatum  (Schreb.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
stellatum  Schreb. 

Wet  banks  and  swamps.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Hartford:  Farmington  (1903),  Mrs.  Lowe; 
West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols. 
New  Haven  :    Meriden,  Miss  Lorens. 

Arctic  America,  south  to  Virginia ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Chrysohypnum  polygamum  (Br.  &  Sch.)  Loeske.  Hyp- 
nmn polygammn  Wils. 

Moist  sandy  places  in  meadows  and  swamps.  Early  sum- 
mer. Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  : 
Stratford,  Eam^^.     New  Haven:     Oxford   (1890),  Harger. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Cratoneuron  (Sull.)  G.  Roth 
Cratoneuron  filicinum  (L.)  G.  Roth.    Hypnum  filicinnm  L. 
On  wet  limestone  rocks,  frequently  in  springs  or  swamps. 


l6o  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [BuU. 

Fruit  rare,  spring.     Litchfield:    Salisbury   (1905),  Nichols. 
Fairfield:    Sherman,  Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
south  to  the  mountains  of  Utah ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Rhytidiadelphus   (Lindb.)   Warnst. 

Stem  leaves  multiplicate,  rough  at  back R.  triquetrus 

Stem  leaves  not  plicate,  smooth  at  back R.  squarrosus 

Rhytidiadelphus  triquetrus  (L.)  Warnst.  Hypnum 
triquetrum  L.    Hylocomium  triquetrum  Br.  &  Sch. 

On  the  ground  in  swampy  or  dry  woods.  Fruit  occasional, 
early  spring.  Litchfield  :  Cornwall,  Brewster ;  Salisbury, 
Nichols.  Hartford:  Plainville,  Chamberlain;  West  Hart- 
ford, Mm  Loro/.s.  Tolland:  StSif^ord,  Nichols.  Windham: 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Sherman,  Nichols. 
New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Hamden,  /.  A. 
Allen;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Evans;  Wood- 
bridge,  Eaton.    New  London  :   Griswold,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  Linited  States ; 
south  in  the  east  to  North  Carolina  ;  Europe  ;  Asia  ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

Rhytidiadelphus  squarrosus  (L.)  Warnst.  Hypnum 
squarrosum  L. 

Meadows  and  wet  grassy  places.  Fruit  rare,  spring.  New 
Haven:   Hamden  (1880),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia  ;  Azores. 

Rhytidium  (Sull.)  Kindb. 

Rhytidium  rugosum  (Ehrh.)  Kindb.  Hypnum  rugosum 
Ehrh. 

In  dry  grassy  places  and  on  sunny  rocks,  usually  calcar- 
eous, in  mountainous  or  hilly  regions.  Fruit  very  rare,  sum- 
mer. Litchfield:  Sd.\\shnvy,  Mrs.  Phelps.  Fairfield:  Sher- 
man, A' /c/jo/.?.    New  H.WEN  :  Meriden  (1873),  £a/on. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  l6l 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  200. 
Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Hylocomium  Br.  &  Sch. 

Stem  regularly  bi-tripiniiate;  stem  leaves  gradually  acu- 
minate, not  auricled  H.  splendens 

Stem  irregularly  pinnate;  stem  leaves  abruptly  acuminate, 
auricled  at  the  base H.  brevirostre 

Hylocomium  splendens  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
splendens  Hedw. 

Aloist  mountain  or  hill  woods.  Fruit  occasional,  spring. 
Litchfield:  Norfolk,  Eaton;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Tolland: 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Newtown,  Harger;  Redding,  Evans.  New 
Haven:  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  North  Branford,  Miss 
Bradley;  Woodbridge,  Evans.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe  ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

Hylocomium  brevirostre  (Ehrh.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
brevirostre  Ehrh. 

On  rocks  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  wet  ravines.     Spring. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Fairfield:  Monroe, 
Miss  Lorens;  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls, 
Nichols;  Cheshire  and  Hamden  (1866),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Har- 
ger; Woodbridge,  Eaton. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  south  to  North  Carolina ;  Europe ; 
Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

Ctenidium  (Schimp.)  Mitt. 

Ctenidium  molluscum  (Hedw.)  Mftt.  Hypnum  molliis- 
cuui  Hedw. 

iMoist  rocks  and  earth  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods. 
Fruit  occasional,  summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
Windham:    Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.     New  ILwen:    East 


l62  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Haven,  Evans;  Hamden  (iSss),  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols. 

Newfoundland  to  Georgia,  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains; 
Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  6y. 

Ptilium  (Sull.)   DeNot. 

Ptilium  Crista-castrensis  (L.)  DeNot.  Hypnum  Crista- 
castrensis  L. 

On  moist  earth  and  rotten  logs  in  mountainous  or  hilly 
woods.  Fruit  occasional,  autumn.  Litchfield:  Cornwall, 
Brezvster;  Norfolk,  Eaton;  Salisbury^  Nichols.  Hartford: 
Hartford,  Mrs.  Lozve.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
New  Haven  :  East  Haven  and  Hamden,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Har- 
ger;  Woodbridge  (1875),  Eaton.  New  London:  Groton  and 
Montville,  C.  B.  Graves;  Norwich,  Setchell;  Preston,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
south  in  the  east  to  North  Carolina ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 


Stereodon   (Brid.)   Mitt. 

1.  Alar   cells   more   or   less    enlarged,   often   inflated,    hyaline 

or  colored  2 

Alar  cells  quadrate,  not  enlarged 6 

2.  Capsule  plicate  when  dry;  leaves  serrulate  above 3 

Capsule  not  plicate  when  dry 4 

3.  Alar  cells  scarcely  inflated,  yellow,  thick-walled.  .S.  curvifolius 
Alar  cells  inflated,  hyaline,  thin-walled S.  Lindbergii 

4.  Capsule   suberect;    leaves    serrulate    all    around,    alar    cells 

orange;  paraphyllia  numerous   S.  imponens 

Capsule  cernuous;   leaves  serrulate  only  above,  alar  cells 
green,  hyaline,  or  yellow-brown;  paraphyllia  few S 

5.  Mosses  growing  on»bark  or  logs  in  the  woods S.  fertilis 

Mosses  growing  on  the  ground  in  swamps S.  pratensis 

6.  Quadrate  cells  numerous;  midrib  absent  or  very  short.... 

S.  cupressiformis 
Quadrate  cells  few;  midrib  usually  reaching  to  middle  of 
leaf    7 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  163 

7.     Branch  leaves  long-acuminate,  serrulate  to  near  the  base 

S.  pallescens 
Branch  leaves  subulate  to  short-acuminate,  serrulate  only 
above  the  middle  S.  reptilis 

Stereodon  fertilis  (Sendt.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  fertile  Sendt. 

Rotten  logs  and  stumps  in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods. 
Summer.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New 
Haven:  Oxford  {i^%^),  Harger. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  in  the"  east 
to  Georgia;  Europe;  Asia. 

Stereodon  pallescens  (Hedw.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  palles- 
cens Br.  &  Sch.    H.  Jamesii  Lesq.  &  James. 

On  rocks  and  stumps  and  at  the  base  of  trees  in  hilly  woods. 
Summer.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Windpiam  :  Can- 
terbury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven  and  Wood- 
bridge  (1866),  Eaton.  New  London:  East  Lyme,  New 
London,  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  south  in  the  east 
to  North  Carolina ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Stereodon  reptilis  (Michx.)  Mitt.  Hypnum  reptile 
Michx. 

On  roots,  logs,  and  at  the  base  of  trees,  especially  spruce, 
in  mountainous  or  hilly  woods.  Autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salis- 
bury, Gilman.  Hartford  :  Hartford,  Mrs.  Loive.  Tolland  : 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New 
Haven  :  New  Haven  (1876),  /.  A.  Allen;  Orange,  O.  D.  Allen. 
Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Canada  south  to  North  Carolina  and  Utah;  Europe;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  6y.    Mrs.  Lowe,  58. 

Stereodon  imponens  (Hedw.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  iutponens 
Hedw. 

On  stones,  earth,  roots,  and  stumps  in  moist  woods.  Late 
autumn.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford  :  Can- 
ton, Nichols;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz;  Windsor,  W.  E. 


164  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Britton.  Tolland:  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canter- 
bury, Mrs.  Hadley.  New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Wood- 
bridge,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Canada  south  to  Georgia  and  California ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Stereodon  cupressiformis  (L.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  cupressi- 
forme  L. 

Rocks,  roots,  and  trunks  of  trees,  in  moist  woods  or  wet 
ravines.  Late  autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
Hartford:  Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lowe.  Tol- 
land :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Had- 
ley; Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nichols;  Red- 
ding, Evans;  Sherman  and  Stratford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Derby,  O.  D.  Allen;  East  Haven,  Hamden,  and  New  Haven, 
Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex:  Chester  and  Killing- 
worth,  Nichols.    New  London  :  New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  south  to  the  Gulf  States;  a 
cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Stereodon  Lindbergii  (Mitt.)  Warnst.  Hypnum  Patien- 
tice  Lindb. 

Moist  woods,  meadows,  and  swamps.  Summer.  Litch- 
field: Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Canton,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Darien 
(1903),  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven:  New  Haven,  Nichols. 
Middlesex  :   Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
south  in  the  east  to  Florida ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  141  (as  H. 
Patienticr) . 

Stereodon  curvifolius  (Hedw.)  E.  G.  Britton.  Hypnum 
curvifolium  Hedw. 

On  decaying  logs,  rarely  on  rocks,  in  moist  woods.  Early 
.summer'.    Litchfield:   Salisbury,  Mc/io/j'.    Tolland:  Filing- 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTIiS    OF    CONNKCTICUT.  165 

ton.  Pease.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Nkw 
Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Cheshire  (1856),  Eaton; 
Hamden  and  New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  North  Branford,  Eaton; 
Prospect,  Merriam.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New 
London  :    Ledyard,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America  and  Canada,  southward  to  Florida  and 
Colorado;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Stereodon  pratensis  (^Koch)  E.  G.  Britton.  Hypnum  pra- 
tense  Koch. 

Swampy  meadows.  Fruit  rare,  spring.  Hartford: 
Windsor,  Miss  Lorenz.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield  :  Bridgeport,  Eames.  New  Haven  :  Hamden 
(1875),  Young;  New  Haven,  O.  D.  Allen;  Orange,  Evans. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
south  in  the  east  to  Florida ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Heterophyllcn  Kindb. 

Heterophyllon  Haldanianum  (Grev.)  Kindb.  Hypnum 
Haldanianum  Grev. 

Rocks,  earth,  and  rotten  logs  in  the  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford  :  Burlington  and 
Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland  :  Bolton, 
Nichols;  Ellington,  Pease.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien  and  Norwalk, 
Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven:  Bethany,  Eaton;  East  Haven, 
Nichols;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven 
(1866),  Williams;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Chatter- 
ton;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  New  London: 
New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Montana,  and  south  to  Alabama  and  Mis- 
souri ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.  Grout,  N.  Amer.  Musci  Pleuro.  No.  47^  (as  Hyp- 
num- Haldanianum).  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept. 
No.  199  (as  H.  Haldanianum). 

Ref.     Eaton.  15,  68. 


l66  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAl.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Hypnum  (Dill.)   L. 

Hypnum  Schreberi  Willd. 

Dry,  open  woods,  banks,  bogs,  etc.  Fruit  occasional,  spring. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford :  Canton,  Nichols;  Hartford,  Mrs.  Loive.  Tolland  : 
Stafford.  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield  :  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven, 
Evans;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven 
(1866)  and  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Killingworth, 
Nichols.    New  London  :  Groton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

Calliergon   (Sull.)    Kindb. 

Plants  monoicius  (autoicous),  sparingly  branched;  alar 
cells  enlarged,  but  passing  gradually  into  the  normal 
cells  of  the  leaf C.  cordifolium 

Plants  dioicous,  profusely  branched;  alar  cells  inflated, 
forming  a  sharply  defined  group C.  giganteum 

Calliergon  giganteum  (Schimp.)  Kindb.  Hypnum  gigan- 
teum Schimp. 

Bogs,  swamps,  and  wet  places,  especially  in  calcareous  dis- 
tricts. Fruit  rare,  May-June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Mrs. 
Phelps.     Fairfield:   Danbury  (igoy),  Nichols. 

Greenland  to  Pennsylvania  and  westward  to  the  Pacific 
coast ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Calliergon  cordifolium  (Hedw.)  Kindb.  Hypnum  cordi- 
folium Hedw. 

Swamps,  marshes,  and  margins  of  pools.  Fruit  rare,  sum- 
mer. Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Phelps.  Tolland:  Stafford, 
Nichols.  Windham  :  Windham,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Hamden,  Eaton;  New  Haven,  Nichols;  North  Branford,  /.  A. 
Allen;  Orange  (1855),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Evans.  Middle- 
sex :   Saybrook,  Eaton. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  167 

Acrocladium  Mitt. 

Acrccladium  cuspidatum  (L.)  Lindb.  Hypnum  cuspi- 
datiim  L. 

Swamps,  bogs,  and  wet  meadows.  Fruit  rare,  summer. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Berlin,  Cole- 
man. New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Miss  Lo- 
renz;  New  Haven  and  Orange  (1855),  Eaton. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia ; 
Africa. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  68. 

Drepanocladus  (C.  Miill.)  G.  Roth 

1.  Stem  with  a  cortical  layer  of  large,  hyaline  cells 2 

Stem  lacking  a  distinct  cortical  layer 3 

2.  Leaves  distinctly  plicate  when  moist,  and  usually  minutely 

serrulate;  plants  monoicous  (autoicous) D,  aduncus 

Leaves  not  plicate  when   moist,   entire;   plants  dioicous.. 

D.  intermedius 

3.  Leaves  serrulate,  at  least  near  the  apex;  annulus  lacking; 

plants  monoicous  (autoicous) D.  fluitans 

Leaves  entire;  annulus  distinct;  plants  dioicous 4 

4.  Alar  cells  enlarged  and  forming  a  well-defined  group  which 

extends  from  the  margin  of  the  leaf  to  the  midrib 

D.  Kneiffii 
Alar  cells  enlarged,  but  not  extending  more  than  half-way 
from  the  margin  to  the  midrib 5 

5.  Alar  cells  hyaline,  becoming  brown  with  age,  and  forming 

a   clearly   defined   group;   midrib   0.05-0.06  mm.   wide   at 

base  D.  subaduncus 

Alar  cells  yellowish  brown,  enlarged,  but  showing  a 
gradual  transition  into  the  normal  cells  of  the  leaf; 
midrib  0.07-0. 11  mm.  wide  at  base D.  Sendtneri 

Drepanocladus  Kneiffii  (Schimp.)  Warnst.  Hypnum 
aduncum  var.  KneiMi  Schimp. 

Bogs  and  swamps,  often  in  the  water.  Fruit  rare,  May- 
June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1907),  Nichols.  Fairfield: 
Danbury,  Nichols. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe;  Africa. 


l68  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Drepanocladus  subaduncus  Warnst.  Hypnum  aduncum 
var.  gracilescens  Br.  &  Sch. 

Swamps  and  wet  places,  especially  in  limestone  regions. 
Rarely  fruiting,  May- June.  Litchfield:  Salisbury  (1907), 
Nichols.     Fairfield:    Danbury,  Nichols. 

Northern  North  America ;  Europe. 

Drepanocladus  Sendtneri  (Schimp.)  Warnst.  var.  gigan- 
teus  (Schimp.)  Warnst.  Hypnum  Sendtneri  Schimp.  H. 
hamifolium  Schimp. 

Swamps  and  bogs,  in  the  water.  May-June;  fruit  of  the 
variety  unknown,  Hartford:  Southington,  Miss  Lorenz. 
New  Haven:   New  Haven  (1877),  O.  D.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 
south  in  the  west  to  Utah ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67.     Rau  &  Hervey,  64,  45. 

Drepanocladus  intermedius  (Lindb.)  Warnst,  Hypnum 
revolvens  Sw.  var,  intermedium  Ren. 

Deep  swamps.  Rarely  fruiting,  May-June.  Litchfield: 
SaHsbury  (1907),  Nichols. 

Northern  North  America ;  Europe. 

Drepanocladus  aduncus  (L.)  Warnst.  Hypnum  aduncum 
L.    H.  uncinatum  Hedw, 

Bogs,  meadows,  and  swampy  woods.  Fruit  rare,  summer. 
Fairfield:  Stratford,  Nichols.  New  Haven:  Bethany, 
Eaton;  Branford,  O.  D.  Allen;  Cheshire,  Harger;  East  Haven, 
New  Haven  (1855),  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger; 
Woodbridge,  /.  A.  Allen.    Middlesex  :   Durham,  Evans. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  United  States,  south  to 
North  Carolina  and  Nevada ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

Drepanocladus  fluitans  ( L. )  Warnst.    Hypnum  Uuitans  L. 

Open  swamps  and  bogs,  in  the  water.  Summer.  Litch- 
field :  Salisbury,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Hamden,  Evans; 
New  Haven  (1893),  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States, 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES    OK    CONNECTICUT.  169 

south  in  the  west  to  Utah ;  Europe ;  Asia ;  Africa ;  New  Zea- 
land. 

Hygrohypnum    (Lindb.)    Loeske 

1.  Leaves  suborbicular;  alar  cells  yellow;  midrib  faint,  short, 

furcate     H.  dilatatum 

Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate 2 

2.  Dioicous;  alar  cells  hyaline  or  yellowish;  midrib  reaching 

middle  of  leaf  or  beyond,  simple  or  furcate;  perichretial 

leaves  not  plicate   H.  ochraceum 

Monoicous;    alar    cells    golden    yellow    to    yellow-brown, 
rarely  hyaline;  perichsetial  leaves  plicate 3 

3.  Midrib  absent,  or  short  and  furcate 4 

Midrib  single,  reaching  above  middle  of  leaf H.  palustre 

4.  Leaves  broad  (2:1),  minutely  serrulate  to  the  base 

H.  Mackayi 

Leaves  narrower  (3:1),  serrulate  only  at  the  apex 

H.  eugyrium 

Hygrohypnum  palustre  (Huds.)  Loeske.  Hypnum  pal- 
ustre Huds. 

Wet  and  periodically  overflowed  stones  and  rocks,  usually 
calcareous.  Summer.  New  London:  Montville  (1894),  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Hygrohypnum  dilatatum  (Wils.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
molle  of  some  authors. 

On  non-calcareous  rocks  and  stones  in  rapid  mountain  or 
hill  brooks.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols. 
Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Loive.  New  Haven:  Ansonia 
(1880)  and  Woodbridge,  O.  D.  Allen. 

Arctic  America  and  Canada,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Colorado;  Europe;  Asia. 

Hygrohypnum  eugyrium  (Br.  &  Sch.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
eugyrium  Schimp. 

On  wet  non-calcareous  rocks  in  or  near  mountain  or  hill 
brooks.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  New 
Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  (1878)  and  Wood- 
bridge,  /.  A.  Allen. 


170  CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Xewfoundland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Georgia  and  Colorado; 
Europe. 

Hygrohypnum  Mackayi  (Schimp.)  Loeske. 
Shaded  stones  in  hill  streams.     Summer.      New  Haven  : 
Beacon  Falls  (1907),  Nichols. 

Probably  has  same  range  as  H.  eugyrium. 

Hygrohypnum  ochraceum  (Turn.)  Loeske.  Hypnum 
ochraceum  Turn. 

On  overflowed  and  wet  rocks  in  rapid  mountain  or  hill 
streams.  Fruit  rare,  summer.  Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Evans. 
New  Haven  :  Ansonia,  O.  D.  Allen;  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
Hamden  (1878),  /.  A.  Allen. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States; 
Europe ;  Asia. 

FAMILY  DENDR0IDACE;E 
Climacium  Web.  f.  &  Mohr 

Climacium  americanum  Brid. 

Swamps  and  wet  woods.  Autumn.  Litchfield:  Salis- 
bury, Nichols.  Hartford  :  Hartford,  Miss  Lorens.  Tolland  : 
Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley. 
Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Fairfield, 
Eames.  New  Haven  :  Bethany,  Eaton;  East  Haven,  Nichols; 
Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison,  Nichols;  Milford  and  New  Haven 
(1855),  Eaton;  Orange,  Evans;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middle- 
sex: Killingworth,  Nichols;  Middlefield,  Evans.  New  Lon- 
don :   New  London,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Var.  Kindbergii  Ren.  &  Card.  Climacium  Kindbergii 
Grout. 

In  wetter  places  than  the  typical  form,  frequently  in  the 
water.  Tolland  :  Willington,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Can- 
terbury, Mr.j. //acf/^3;.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mri".  Low^;  Strat- 
ford, Nichols.  New  Haven  :  East  Haven,  Nichols;  Wood- 
bridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex:  Killingworth  and  Old  Lyme, 
Nichols.  New  London:  Groton,  Montville,  and  Waterford 
(1884),  C.  B.  Graves. 


No.    II.]  THE    BRYOPHYTES.  OF    CONNECTICUT.  171 

New  Brunswick  to  Alabama,  west  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. 

Exsic.  Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  238 
(var.  Kindbergii). 

Ref.  Eaton,  15,  66.  Grout,  34,  161  (var.  Kindbergii). 
Young,  81,  62. 

Thamnium  Br.  &  Sch. 

Thamnium  alleghaniense  (C.  Miill.)  Br.  &  Sch.  Hypnum 
alleghaniense  C.  Miill. 

Dripping  overhanging  rocks  along  mountain  and  hill 
streams.  Autumn.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford :  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz.  New  Haven  :  Cheshire 
(1856),  Eaton;  Derby,  O.  D.  Allen;  Hamden,  Eaton;  New 
Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 
New  London  :  Montville  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Minnesota,  south  to  the  Gulf  States. 

Ref.     Eaton,  15,  67. 

FAMILY  WEBERACE.E 

Webera  Ehrh. 

Webera  sessilis  (Schmid.)  LindbJ  Diphyscium  fohosum 
Mohr.  /Sc3 

Moist,  shaded  earth  and  banks.  Summer.  Litchfield: 
New  Milford,  Nichols;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford:  Hart- 
ford, Mrs.  Lowe;  Southington,  Chamberlain ;  West  Hartford, 
Miss  Lorenz.  Tolland  :  Bolton,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Can- 
terbury, Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fairfield:  Dan- 
bury  and  Huntington,  Nichols;  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  : 
Ansonia.  O.  D.  Allen;  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Meriden,  Nich- 
ols; New  Haven  (1855),  Orange,  and  Woodbridge,  Eaton. 
Middlesex:  Killingworth.  Nichols.  New  London:  Mont- 
ville, C.  B.  Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  south  to  Alabama ;  Europe :  Asia ; 
Madeira  Islands. 

Exsic.  Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  121*  (as 
Diphyscium  foliosum) . 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


172  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

FAMILY   BUXBAUMIACEyE 
Buxbaumia  Haller 
Buxbaumia  aphylla  L. 

Clayey  banks  and  turfy  soil  in  open  woods.  Spring. 
Litchfield  :  Salisbury,  Evans.  Hartford  :  Canton,  Nichols; 
Manchester,  Miss  Lorenz.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe. 
New  Haven:  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols;  Hamden  (1866),  Wil- 
liams; New  Haven,  /.  A.  Allen;  Oxford,  Harger;  Woodbridge, 
Nichols. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario  and  West  Virginia ;  Yukon  Terri- 
tory to  Washington  ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Exsic.    Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  250. 

Ref.     Collins.  14,  131.    Eaton,  15,  64;  17,  126. 

FAMILY  GEORGIACE^ 
Georgia  Ehrh. 

Georgia  pellucida  (L.)  Rabenh.  Tetraphis  pellucida 
Hedw. 

Rotten  stumps,  roots,  and  banks  in  the  woods.  Spring. 
Litchfield:  Litchfield,  Harris;  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford  and  Manchester,  Miss  Lorens;  Windsor,  W. 
E.  Britton.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Darien,  Mrs. 
Lowe ;  Redding,  Evans.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
Hamden,  Evans;  New  Haven  (1866),  Eaton;  North  Branford, 
Evans;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange  and  Woodbridge, 
Eaton.    New  London  :   East  Lyme  and  Groton,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Canada  and  the  northern  United  States ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.    Eaton,  15,  63. 

FAMILY   P0LYTRICHACE;E 

Catharinaea  Ehrh. 

1.  Leaf  cells  distinctly  papillose C.  Macmillani 

Leaf  cells  smooth,  not  papillose 2 

2.  Leaves  strongly  undulate,  serrate  nearly  to  base;  capsules 

borne  singly  or  in  small  clusters C.  undulata 

Leaves    scarcely,    if    at    all,    undulate,    serrate    only    above 
middle;  capsules  borne  singly 3 


No.    IT.]  THE   BRYOPHYTF..^    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I73 

3.     Plants    rarely    5    cm.    high;     midrib    and    lamina    sharply 

toothed  at  back,  lamella;  4-8 C.  angustata 

Sterile  plants  5-10  cm.  high;  midrib  and  lamina  smooth  at 
back ;  lamellas  ,1-4   C.  crispa 

CatharinEsa  undulata  (L.)  Web.  f.  &  ^Fohr.  Atrichuin 
undulatum  Beauv. 

Moist,  sandy  soil  in  open  woods.  Autumn.  Litchfield: 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Burlington,  Nichols;  West 
Hartford,  Mw.y  Lor^;/^;.  Tolland:  Stafford,  A'^ic/io/^.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Windham,  Nichols.  Fair- 
field :  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls, 
Nichols;  Hamden,  Eaton;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven 
(1855),  Eaton;  North  Haven,  Nichols;  Orange,  Evans; 
Woodbridge,  0.  D.  Allen.  Middlesex:  Killingworth, 
Nichols.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols;  Montville  and 
Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  temperate  North  America ;  Europe ;  Asia ; 
Africa. 

Ref.  Collins,  14,  131.  Eaton,  15,  64.  Miss  Lorenz,  53, 
46,  47. 

Catharinasa  Macmillani  Holzing. 

In  dry,  exposed  situations.  Autumn.  Hartford  :  Burling- 
ton, Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  New^ 
Haven:  New  Haven,  North  Haven  (1907),  and  Orange, 
Nichols.    New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols. 

New  England  to  Minnesota  and  Missouri ;  range  not  defi- 
nitely known. 

Ref.    Chamberlain,  13,  100. 

Catharinaea  crispa  James.     Atrichum  crispum  James. 

Grassy  banks  of  streams,  and  in  wet  sandy  soil.  Autumn. 
Hartford:    East  Hartford,  Wcathcrhy. 

Probably  throughout  Canada  and  the  northern  United 
States ;  Europe. 

Ref.     Miss  Lorenz,  53,  46,  47. 

Catharinaea  angustata  Brid.      Atrichum  angustatum   Br. 

&  Sch. 

Clayey  banks   and   sandy  soil  in   open   woods.     Autumn. 


174  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Canton, 
Nichols;  Southington,  Chamberlain;  West  Hartford,  Miss 
Lorens.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols.  Wind- 
ham :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  :  Danbury, 
Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Huntington  and  Sherman, 
Nichols.  New  Haven:  East  Haven  (1855),  Eaton;  Haniden, 
Harger;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  Eaton;  Orange, 
Evans;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  New  London  :  North  Stoning- 
ton  and  Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  temperate  North  America ;  Europe ;  Asia. 

Ref.  Collins,  14,  131.  Eaton,  15,  64.  Miss  Lorenz,  53, 
46,  47. 

Pogonatum   Beau  v. 

Pogonatum  tenue  (Menz.)  E.  G.  Britton.  P.  hrevicaide 
(Brid.)  Beauv.    P.  pennsylvanicmn  (Hedw.)  Par. 

Clay  banks  and  roadsides  in  open  woods.  Autumn. 
Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Mrs.  Phelps.  Hartford:  Canton, 
Nichols;  Hartford,  Mrs.  Lowe;  West  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz. 
Tolland  :  Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe. 
New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls  and  Cheshire,  Nichols;  Hamden, 
/.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1866),  and  Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford, 
Harger;  Woodbridge,  Eaton.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth, 
Nichols.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols;  Waterford,  C.  B. 
Graves. 

Nova  Scotia  to  Alabama,  and  west  to  Missouri. 

Exsic.  Holzinger,  Musci  Aero.  Bor.-Amer.  No.  123  (as 
P.  pennsylvanicum) . 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131,     Eaton,  15,  64.     Mrs.  Lowe,  59. 


Polytrichum  (Dill.)  L. 

Epidermis  of  capsule  with  a  large  pit  in  the  outer  wall 
of  each  cell,  neck  distinctly  marked  off  by  a  con- 
striction; capsule  little  longer  than  broad 3 

Epidermis  of  capsule  not  pitted,  neck  indistinctly  defined; 
capsule  much  longer  than  broad 2 

Capsule  cylindrical   P.  alpinum 

Capsule  prismatic    P.  ohioense 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  I75 

3.  Leaves  awned,  margins  entire,  inflexed 4 

Leaves  pointed,  margins  sharply  serrate,  not  inflexed 

P.  commune 

4.  Awn  long  and  hyaline P.  piliferum 

Awn  short  and  red,  rarely  colorless  at  the  point 5 

5.  Stem  densely  tomentose,  leaves  erect P.  strictum 

Stem  not  tomentose,  leaves  spreading P.  juniperinum 

Polytrichum  alpinum  L.  var.  arcticum  (Sw.)  Wahl. 
Pogonatum  alpinum  Rohl.  var.  arcticum  Brid. 

Stony  and  grassy  mountain  slopes.  Summer.  Litch- 
field:  Salisbury  (1906),  Collins. 

Throughout  northern  North  America ;  Europe. 

Polytrichum  ohioense  Ren.  &  Card.  P.  formosnm  of  some 
authors. 

On  the  ground  and  on  earth-covered  rocks  in  moist  woods. 
Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hartford: 
Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz;  Plainville,  Chamberlain;  Windsor, 
Rarer.  Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield  : 
Danbury,  Eaton;  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve.  New  Haven  :  East 
Haven  (1856),  Eaton;  Madison,  Nichols;  New  Haven,  /.  A. 
Allen;  North  Haven  and  Orange,  Nichols.  Middlesex: 
Chester,  Nichols;  Durham,  Evans;  Killingworth,  Nichols. 
New  London  :  Griswold,  Harger;  Montville  and  New 
London,  C.  B.  Graves;  Waterford,  Miss  Lorens. 

Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  south  to  Alabama,  Missouri,  and 
Oregon ;  Europe. 

Exsic.     Holzinger,   Musci  Aero.   Bor.-Amer.   No.    124. 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

Polytrichum  piliferum  Schreb. 

Rocky  ridges  and  gravelly  banks  in  hilly  regions.  Summer. 
Litchfield:  New  Milford  and  Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Miss  Lorens;  Plainville,  Chamberlain.  Tol- 
land: Stafford,  Nichols.  Windham:  Canterbury,  Mrs. 
Hadley.  Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Huntington, 
Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Madison,  and  Meriden, 
Nichols;  New  Haven  (1854),  Eaton;  Woodbridge,  Harger. 
Middlesex  :  Killingworth,  Nichols.  New  London  :  Led- 
yard,  Nichols;  Lyme,  Eaton;  Old  Lyme,  C.  B.  Graves. 


176  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

Northern  North  America  and  southward  to  Alabama  and 
California ;  found  in  most  quarters  of  the  globe. 
Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

Polytrichum  juniperinum  Willd. 

In  dry  pastures  or  open  woods  in  mountainous  or  hilly- 
regions.  Summer.  Litchfield:  Salisbury,  Gilman.  Hart- 
ford: Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz;  Southington.  Chamberlain. 
Tolland  :  Bolton  and  Ellington,  Nichols.  Windham  : 
Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley.  Fairfield:  Danbury,  Nichols; 
Darien,  Mrs.  Lowe;  Huntington,  Nichols.  New  Haven  : 
Branford,  Ward;  Hamden,  /.  A.  Allen;  New  Haven  (1865), 
Eaton.     Middlesex  :    Killingworth,  Nichols. 

Arctic  and  temperate  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

Polytrichum  strictum  Banks.    -  P.  ^ u-c^  ^^J^:^  7^.'* '' ^^ ^ 

In  peat  bogs  and  wet  woods.  Summer.  New  Haven  : 
Orange  (1874),  Young. 

Arctic  America,  Canada,  and  the  northern  United  States ; 
South  America  ;  Europe  ;  Asia. 

Ref.     Collins,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 

Polytrichum  commune  L. 

In  pastures  and  clearings  and  along  the  borders  of  woods 
and  roadsides.  Summer.  Litchfield:  New  Milford  and 
Salisbury,  Nichols.  Hartford:  Hartford,  Miss  Lorenz; 
Windsor,  Rorer.  Tolland:  Bolton  and  Stafford,  Nichols. 
Windham  :  Canterbury,  Mrs.  Hadley;  Windham,  Nichols. 
Fairfield:  Darien,  Mrs.  Lozve;  Huntington,  Sherman,  and 
Stratford,  Nichols.  New  Haven  :  Beacon  Falls,  Nichols; 
Hamden,  Eaton;  Meriden,  Nichols;  New  Haven  (1856)  and 
Orange,  Eaton;  Oxford,  Harger.  Middlesex  :  Killingworth, 
Nichols.  New  London  :  Ledyard,  Nichols;  New  London  and 
Waterford,  C.  B.  Graves. 

Throughout  North  America ;  a  cosmopolitan. 

Exsic.     Renauld  &  Cardot,  Musci  Amer.  Sept.  No.  227. 

Ref.     ColHns,  14,  131.     Eaton,  15,  64. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPIIYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT. 


177 


SUMMARY 

An  analysis  of  the  bryophytic  flora  of  Connecticut  brings 
out  the  interesting  fact  that  only  about  18  per  cent,  of  the 
species  are  peculiar  to  America.  Over  62  per  cent.,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  common  to  Europe  and  Asia,  a  proportion 
which  is  sure  to  be  increased  when  the  Asiatic  flora  has  been 
more  thoroughly  explored.  Of  the  remaining  species  16  per 
cent,  have  been  found  in  Europe  but  not  in  Asia,  while  4  per 
cent,  have  been  found  in  Asia  but  not  in  Europe.  These  rela- 
tionships may  be  clearly  shown  by  the  following  table,  in  which 
the  species  are  arranged  by  orders.  One  species  of  Sphagnum 
which  is  common  to  Africa  (but  not  to  either  Europe  or  Asia), 
is  included  in  the  first  column. 


Peculiar  to 
America. 

Common 
to  Europe 
and  Asia. 

Common 

to  Europe 

(but  not  to 

Asia). 

Common 

to  Asia 

(but  not  to 

Europe). 

Total. 

Marchantiales  . 

3 

9 

0 

0 

12 

Jungermanniales 

17 

62 

12 

I 

92 

Anthocerotales 

0 

I 

2 

0 

3 

Sphagnales 

2 

17 

12 

0 

31 

Andreaeales 

0 

I 

I 

0 

2 

Bryales      .... 

46 

154 

34 

13 

247 

Total  .... 

68 

244 

61 

14 

3S7 

The  table  shows  also 

that  ab 

out  3  p 

er  cent. 

of  our 

species 

are  Marchantiales,  about  23  per  cent.  Jungermanniales,  less 
than  I  per  cent.  Anthocerotales,  about  8  per  cent.  Sphagnales, 
less  than  i  per  cent.  Andreseales,  and  about  64  per  cent.  Bryales. 

The  following  table,  based  on  the  specimens  at  hand,  gives 
some  idea  of  the  extent  to  which  Connecticut  has  been  ex- 
plored for  Bryophytes.  Such  a  table  is  merely  of  historical 
interest.  The  discrepancies  which  apparently  exist  between 
the  moss  floras  of  the  different  counties  are  largely  of  a 
temporary  nature,  and  will  become  less  as  the  exploration  of 


178 


CONNECTICUT   GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


the  state  proceeds.  There  is  little  probability,  for  example, 
that  New  Haven  County  is  richer  in  Bryophytes  than  New 
London  County.  It  simply  represents  the  part  of  the  state 
where  bryologists  have  been  most  numerous  and  active. 


d 

0 

2 

"C 

a 
0) 

•d 

<L> 
> 

c3 

•0 
c 
0 

i^l 

(d 

o 

C 

.« 

4) 

ffi 

hJ 

Sua 

u 

rt 

-a 
a 

^ 

^ 

"d 

^ 

fi  *  S 

o! 

0 

« 

°t:  0 

hJ 

X 

e- 

^ 

^ 

:z; 

S 

^ 

0 

Marchantiales 

8 

9 

4 

3 

8 

12 

6 

2 

I 

Jungermanniales    . 

58 

32 

31 

22 

38 

81 

35 

12 

4 

Anthocerotales 

3 

o 

0 

I 

0 

' 

3 

2 

0 

Sphagnales    . 

i6 

2 

9 

4 

3 

25 

2 

5 

0 

Andreseales    . 

I 

I 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

Bryales    . 

157 

112 

98 

108 

III 

223 

90 

91 

31 

Total 

243 

156 

142 

138 

160 

346 

136 

112 

36 

The  last  column  shows  the  comparatively  small  number  of 
species  known  from  each  county  of  the  state.  All  of  these 
species  are  exceedingly  common,  and  the  present  figures  will 
probably  be  soon  increased  by  the  addition  of  other  species 
which  must  be  equally  common.  Even  the  majority  of  the 
species  which  are  known  at  present  from  only  one  or  two 
localities  in  the  state  are  undoubtedly  much  more  widely 
distributed  than  these  scanty  records  would  seem  to  indicate. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  1 79 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    CONNECTICUT 
BRYOLOGY 


The  books  and  papers  included  in  the  following  bibli- 
ography all  contain  direct  references  to  Connecticut  Bry- 
ophytes.  Although  it  has  been  attempted  to  make  the  list 
as  complete  as  possible,  some  references  have  doubtless  been 
overlooked.  Papers  published  since  December,  1907,  are  not 
included : 

1.  Andrews,  A.  LeR.    Preliminary  Lists  of  New  England  Plants, 

—  XVIII,   Sphagnaceae.     Rhodora,  8:  62-65.     1906. 

2.  Austin,  C.  F.     Hepaticse   Boreali-Americanae  exsiccatae.     Nos. 

1-150.     1872. 

3.  — Bryological  Notes.     Bull.  Torrey  Club,  6:  341-344.      1879. 

4.  — Bryological  Notes.     Bull.  Torrey  Club,  7:   15,  16.      1880. 

5.  Barbour,  W.  C.     Frullania.     Bryologist,  5:  3-5.    f.  1-5.     1902. 

6.  —  Porella    L.    Sp.    PL    2:    1196.      1753-      Bryologist,    5:    32-36. 

f.  1-8.     1902. 

7.  — Hepatics,  —  Lejeunea.     Bryologist,  6:  27-32.     /.   1-6.     1903- 

8.  Britten,  E.  G.     Distribution  of  the  eastern  species  of  Mnium. 

Bryologist,  3:  4-6.     1900. 
g.     — Octodiceras    Julianum,    its    Propagation,    Distribution    and 
History.     Bryologist,  5:  83,  84.     i  f.  1902. 

10.  — Further  Notes  on  Sematophyllum.  Bryologist,  7:  59-61.   1904. 

11.  Cardot,  J.    Repertoire  Sphagnologique.    Catalogue  alphabetique 

de  toutes  les  especes  et  varietes  du  genre  Sphagnum,  avec  la 
synonymic,  la  bibliographic  et  la  distribution   geographique 
d'apres  les  travaux  les  plus  recents.     Bull.   Soc.  d'hist.  nat. 
d'Autun,  10:  235-433.     1897. 
—  Sec  also  Renauld,  F. 

12.  Chamberlain,   E.    B.      Notes   upon    two    Maryland    Bryophytes 

and   on    two    Mosses    from    Virginia.      Bryologist,    8:   77-7^- 
1905. 

13.  — Catharinca   Macmillani.     Rhodora,  9:  98-100.     pi.  74.     1907. 

14.  Collins,  J.  F.     Preliminary   Lists   of   New   England   Plants, — 

XIX.     Rhodora,  8:  i3i-i3S-     1906. 
Cook,  O.  F.     See  Underwood,  L.  M. 


l8o  CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY.         [Bull. 

15.  Eaton,  D.  C.     Anogens.     In  "  A   Catalogue  of  the   Flowering 

Plants  and  Higher  Cryptogams  growing  without  cultivation 
within  thirty  miles  of  Yale  College."  Published  by  the 
Berzelius   Society.      Pp.   61-72.     New   Haven,    1878. 

16.  —  Conomitrium   Julianum.      Bull.   Torrey   Club,   6:   244.      1878. 

17.  — -On    Bu.xbaumia    indusiata    Bridel.      Bull.    Torrey    Club,    17: 

126,   127.     1890. 

18.  — -A  Check-List  of  North  American  Sphagna,  arranged  mostly 

in  accordance  with  the  writings  of  Dr.  Carl  Warnstorf.  8vo. 
8  pp.     New  Haven,  1893. 

19.  Eaton,    D.    C,    and    Faxon,    E.      Sphagna    Boreali-Americana 

Exsiccata,  curaverunt  D.  C.  Eaton  et  E.  Faxon,  distribuit 
G.  F.  Eaton.     Nos.  1-172.     New  Haven,  1896. 

20.  Evans,  A.  W.     Two  new  American    Hepaticse.     Bull.   Torrey 

Club,  20:  307-309.     pi.  162,  i6s.     1893. 

21.  — Notes  on  the  North  American  species  of  Plagiochila.     Bot. 

Gazette   21:    185-194.     pi.    13,    16.      1896. 

22.  —  A  Revision  of  the  North  American  Species  of  Frullania,  a 

Genus  of  Hepaticse.  Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  10:  1-39.  pi.  1-15. 
1897. 

23.  — Studies    among    our    common    Hepaticse.      II.    Lophocolea 

heterophylla.     Plant  World,  i:  134-137.     pi.  6.     1S98. 

24.  —  Fossombronia  salina  in  Connecticut.     Rhodora,  3:  7-10.   i   f. 

1901. 

25.  — The    Lejeunese    of    the    United    States    and    Canada.      ]Mem. 

Torrey  Club,  8:  113-1,83.     pi.  16-22.     1902. 

26.  — Notes    on    New    England    Hepaticae.      Rhodora,    4:    207-213. 

1902. 

27.  — A    New    Hepatic    from    the    Eastern    United    States.      Bot. 

Gazette,  34:  372-375-     pl-   12.     1902. 

28.  — Preliminary  Lists  of  New  England  Plants, —  XI,  Hepatica;. 

Rhodora,  5:  170-173.     1903. 

29.  —  Odontoschisma    Macounii    and    its    North    American    Allies. 

Bot.  Gazette,  36:  321-348.     pl.  18-20.     1903. 

30.  — Notes  on  New  England  Hepaticpe,  —  II.     Rhodora,  6:   165- 

174;    185-191-     pl-  57-     1904- 

31.  — Notes  on  New  England  Hepaticae, — -III.     Rhodora,  7:  52- 

58.      1905. 

32.  — -Notes  on  New   England   Hepaticio, — ^  IV.      Rhodora,  8:  34- 

45-     1906. 
33'     — ^  Notes   on    New    England    Hepatica;,  —  V.      Rhodora,   9:   56- 
60;  65-73.     pl-  73-     1907- 
Faxon,  E.     See  Eaton,  D.  C. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPIIYTES    OF    CONNECTICUT.  l8l 

34.  Grout,  A.  J.     A  Revision  of  the  North  American  Isotheciaceae. 

Mem.  Torrey  Club,  6:   131-210.      1897. 

35.  — A    Revision    of    the     North    American     Eurynchia.      Bull. 

Torrej'  Club,  25:  221-256.     1898. 

36.  — North    American    Musci    Pleurocarpi.      Nos.    1-300    (exsic- 

cati).     1900-1907.     To  be  continued. 

37-  — Mosses  with  a  Hand-Lens  and  Microscope:  a  non-technical 
handbook  of  the  more  common  Mosses  of  the  northeastern 
United  States.  Large  8vo.  Part  I,  86  pp.,  10  pi.,  35  f.  in 
text.  1903.  Part  II,  pp.  87-166,  pi.  11-35,  f-  in  text  36-76. 
1904.  Part  III,  pp.  167-246,  pi.  36-55,  f.  in  text  77-133.  1906. 
New  York.     To  be  completed  in  five  parts. 

38.  — Mosses   with    a    Hand-Lens:    a    non-technical    handbook   of 

the  more  common  and  more  easily  recognized  Mosses  of  the 
northeastern  United  States.  Second  Edition.  Revised,  en- 
larged, and  including  the  Hepatics.  8vo.  pp.  xvi  +  208.  39 
pi.     151  f.  in  text.     New  York,  1905. 

39.  — "When   Doctors  Disagree."     Bryologist,  9:  42.     1906. 

40.  Hadley,  S.  B.     [Offerings  to  Chapter  Members.]     Bryologist, 

6:  70.     1903. 

41.  — [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  6:  106.     1903. 

42.  — [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  7:  52.     1904. 

43.  —  [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  8:  92.     1905. 

44.  Haynes,  C.  C.     Ten  Lophozias.     Bryologist,  9:  99,  100.     pi.  g. 

1906;  10:  9-12.     pi.  2,  3.     1907. 

45.  — American    Hepaticae.      Nos.    1-40    (exsiccatae).      New    York, 

1907-1908.     To  be  continued. 
Hervey,  A.  B.     See  Rau,  E,  A. 

46.  Holzinger,  J.   M.     Musci   Acrocarpi    Boreali-Americani.     Nos. 

1-250  (exsiccati).     1904-1907.     To  be  continued. 

47.  Howe,  M.  A.     The  North  American  Species  of  Porella.     Bull. 

Torrey  Club,  24:  512-527.     1897. 

48.  — The  Anthocerotaceae  of  North  America.     Bull.  Torrey  Club, 

25:  1-24.     pi.  321-326.     1,898. 

49.  — Notes  on  American  Hepatic^e.     Bull.  Torrey  Club,  29:  281- 

289.     1902. 

50.  Lesquereux,  L.,  and  James,  T,  P.     Manual  of  the  Mosses  of 

North  America.     8vo.     pp.  v  +  447.     6  pi.     Boston,  1884. 

51.  Limpricht,  K.  G.     Die  Laubmoose  Deutschlands,  Oesterreichs 

und  der  Schweiz.  8vo.  Band  I,  x  +  836  pp.,  211  f.  in  text. 
1890.  Band  II,  853  pp.,  f.  in  text  212-352.  1895.  Band  III, 
864  +  79  pp.,  f.  in  text  353-440.     1904.     Leipzig.     The  work 


l82 


CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


represents  Band  IV  of  Rabenhorst's  Kryptogamen-Flora, 
second  edition. 

52.  Lorenz,  A.     [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  9:  53.     1906. 

53.  — Catharinea  in  Hartford  County.     Bryologist,  10:  45-47.     1907. 

54.  Lowe,  J.  D.     [Offerings  to  Chapter  Members.]     Bryologist,  6: 

70.     1903. 

55.  —  [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  6:  90.     1903. 

56.  — Anacamptodon  splachnoides.     Bryologist,  7:  77.     1904. 

57.  —  [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  7:  82.     1904. 

58.  —  [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  7:  100.     1904. 

59.  —  [Offerings.]     Bryologist,  8:  35.     1905. 

60.  MuUer,     C.     Monographic     der     Lebermoosgattung     Scapania 

Dum.      Nova    Acta    Acad.      Caes.    Leop. -Carol.,    83:     1-312. 

pi.  1-52.    1905.     :;:^c   <o/  .       ■        ■  -    :   ' 

61.  Paris,  E.   G.     Index  Bryologicus   sive   Enumeratio   Muscorum 

hucusque  cognitorum  adjunctis  Synonymia  Distributioneque 
geographica  locupletissimis.  Act.  Soc.  Linn.  Burdigalensis. 
Pars  I,  pp.  vi  +  964.  1894-1896.  Pars  II,  pp.  965-1380. 
1898. 

62.  —  Index    Bryologicus    sive    Enumeratio    Muscorum    ad    diem 

ultimam  anni  1900  hucusque  cognitorum  adjunctis  Synonymia 
Distributioneque        geographica        locupletissimis.  Editio 

secunda.  8vo.  Paris.  Pars  I,  384  pp.  1903-1904.  Pars  II, 
375  PP-  1904.  Pars  III,  400  pp.  1904-1905.  Pars  IV,  368  pp. 
1905.     Pars  V,  160  pp.     1906. 

63.  Rau,  E.  A.     Review  of  Lesquereux  and  James:  Manual  of  the 

Mosses  of  North  America.     Bot.  Gazette,  9:  151,  152.     1884. 

64.  Rau,  E.  A.,  and  Hervey,  A.  B.     Catalogue  of  North  American 

Musci.     8vo.     52  pp.     Taunton,    1880. 

65.  Renauld,  F.,  and  Cardot,  J.     Musci   Americse  Septentrionalis, 

ex  operibus  novissimis  recensiti  et  methodice  dispositi.  Rev. 
Bryol.,  19:  65-96.     1892;  20:  1-32.     1893. 

66.  —  Musci  Americas  Septentrionalis  Exsiccati.    Nos.  1-400.     1892- 

1908. 

67.  Stephani,  F.    Species  Hepaticarum.    Vol.  I.    Anacrogynae.    413 

pp.  1898-1900.  Vol.  II.  Acrogynos.  615  pp.  1901-1906. 
Vol.  Ill  in  course  of  publication.  Reprinted  from  the 
Bulletin  and  Memoirs  of  the  Herbier  Boissier. 

68.  Sullivant,   W.   S.     Anophytes.      In   A.    Gray:      Manual    of   the 

Botany  of  the  Northern  United  States,  607-702;  723-737.  pi. 
1-8.     1856.     Ed.  II. 


No.    II.]  THE   BRYOPHYTES   OF    CONNECTICUT.  183 

69.  — The  Musci  and  Hepaticje  of  the  United  States  East  of  the 

Mississippi  River.  8vo.  113  pp.  8  pi.  New  York,  1856.  Re- 
print of  the  above. 

70.  — Icones  Muscorum,  or  Figures  and  Descriptions  of  most  of 

those  Mosses  peculiar  to  eastern  North  America  which  have 
not  been  heretofore  figured.  8vo.  216  pp.  128  pi.  Cam- 
bridge and  London,  1864. 

71.  Underwood,    L.  ^M.      Descriptive    Catalogue    of    the    North 

American  Hepaticse,  North  of  Mexico.  Bull.  Illinois  State 
Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  2:  1-133.     1884. 

72.  — Hepaticas.      In    A.    Gray:      Manual    of    the    Botany    of    the 

Northern  United  States,  702-732.     pi.  22-25.     1890.     Ed.  VI. 

73.  — A    Few    Additions    to    the    Hepatic    Flora    of    the    Manual 

Region.     Bull.  Torrey  Club,     9:  299-301.     1892. 

74.  — Notes    on    our    Hepaticse.    II.      The    Genus    Riccia.      Bot. 

Gazette,  19:  273-278.     1894. 

75.  — Notes  on  our  Hepaticae.    III.    The  Distribution  of  the  North 

American    Marchantiacese.      Bot.    Gazette,    20:    59-71.      1895. 

76.  — Hepaticae.     Systematic   Botany  of  North  America,  g^:    1-7. 

1895. 

77.  Underwood,   L.  M.,  and  Cook,  O.  F.     Hepaticae  Americanae. 

Nos.   1-200   (exsiccate).     1887-1899. 

78.  Warnstorf,  C.     Einige  neue  exotische  Sphagna.     Hedwigia,  31: 

174-182.     pi.   26,  27.      1892. 

79.  —  Europaeische    Torfmoose.      Serie    IV.      Nos.    301-400    (ex- 

siccata).     1894. 

80.  Wheeler,  H.     Note  on  Claopodium  pellucinerve   fMitt.)   Best. 

Bryologist,  6:  39.     1903. 

81.  Young,  A.   H.     Bryological   Notes.     Bot.   Gazette,   2:  61,   62. 

1876. 


INDEX  TO  CATALOGUE 


A 

PAGE 

Acaulon  C.   Miill.       ,            .            .            .            .            .           88,  io8 

muticum   (Schreb.)   C.  Miill. 

io8 

ACROCARPI          .... 

87 

Acrocladium    Alitt.     . 

94,  167 

cuspidatum    (L.)    Lindb. 

167 

Amblystegiella    Loeske 

95,  154 

adnata  (Hedw.)   Nichols 

154,  155 

confervoides  (Brid.)  Loeske 

154 

Amblystegium  Br.  &  Sch.    . 

94,  155 

adnatimi   Aust. 

155 

fluviatile    (Sw.)    Br.    &   Sch. 

•  93,  155,  157 

irriguum  (Wils.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

155,  156 

Juratzkanum  Schimp. 

155,  156 

Kochii  Br.  &  Sch. 

155,  158 

Lescurii    (Sull.)    Aust. 

155,  157 

noterophilum  (Sull.)   Holzing. 

155,  156 

orthocladan  Mac.  &  Kindb.     . 

156 

radicale  Br.  &  Sch. 

156 

riparium  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

155,  157 

serpens    (L.)    Br.    &   Sch. 

155 

varium    (Hedw.)    Lindb. 

155,  156 

Amphoridium  Mougeotii  Schimp. 

112 

Anacamptodon    Brid. 

91,  134 

splachnoides  (Frol.)  Brid. 

134 

Andreaea   Ehrh. 

86 

petrophila  Ehrh. 

86,  87 

Rothii  Web.  f.   &   Mohr 

86,  87 

Andre.eace^ 

86 

Andre^ales 

86 

Aneura  multifida  Duniort. 

44 

pinnatiMa  Nees 

44 

sessilis  Spreng. 

44 

AncEctangium    Hedw. 

90,   112 

Mougeotii  (Br.  &  Sch.)  Lindb. 

112 

Anomodon  Hook.  &  Tayl.    . 

92,   137 

apiculatus   Br.   &  Sch. 

137 

attenuatus    (Schreb.)    Hiiben. 

137 

1 86 


CONNECTICUT  GEOL.   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


Anomodon  minor  (Beauv.)  Fvirn. 

obtusifolius  Br.   &  Sch. 

rostratus  (Hedw.)  Schimp. 

tristis   Sull. 
Anthoceros   (Mich.)    L. 

levis  L. 

punctatus  L. 
Anthocerotace;e 
Anthocerotales 
Aphanorrhegma   Sull. 

serratum   (Hook.  &  Wils.)   Sull. 
Archidiace^ 
Archidium   Brid. 

ohioense   Schimp. 
Archilejeunea  clypeata  Schififn 
Asterella   Beauv. 

hemisphccrica   Beauv. 

tenella   (L.)    Beauv. 
Astomum  Hampe 

Sullivantii  Schimp. 
Atrichum  angustatum   Br.    &    Sch. 

crispum  James 

undulatum  Beauv. 

AuLACOMNIACEyE 

Aulacomnium    Schwaegr. 

heterostichum  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch 
palustre   (L.)   Schwaegr. 


PAGE 

137 
137 

137,  138 

136 

75 

75 

75,  76 

75 

75 

91,  117 

117 

95 

87,  95 

95 

72 

40,  41 

40 

41 

87,  106 

106 

173 

173 

173 

125 

90,  125 

125 

125,  126 


Barbula    Hedw. 

cccspitosa  Schwaegr. 

fallax  Hedw.    . 

muralis  Timm.  . 

papulosa  C.  Miill. 

tortuosa  Web.  f.  &  Mohr 

unguiculata    (Huds.)    Hedw. 
Bartramia  Hedw. 

Oederi  Sw. 

pomiformis    (L.)    Hedw. 
Bartramiace^e 
Bazzania  S.   F.   Gray 

triangularis   (Schleich.)    Lindb. 

tricrenata   (Wahl.)  Trevis.    . 

trilobata  (L.)   S.  F.  Gray 
Blasia    L.         . 

pusilla  L.    .     .     . 


89,  108 
107 
108 
109 
109 
107 
108 

90,  127 
126 
127 
126 

48,  64 
64 
64 
64 

43,  46 
46 


No.  II.] 


INDEX    TO   CATALOGUE. 


187 


Blepharostoma  Dumort. 

trichophyllum    (L.)    Dumort. 
Blepharozia    ciliaris    Dumort. 
Brachythecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

acuminatum    (Hedw.)    Kindb. 

acutum    (Mitt.)    Sull. 

campestre  (C.  Miill.)   Br.  &  Sch 

Icctum  Br.  &  Sch. 

Novae-Anglias   (Sull.   &  Lesq.)   Jaeg.   &  Sauerb, 

oxycladon  (Brid.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

plumosum    (Sw.)    Br.   &   Sch. 

populeum   (Hedw.)   Br.  &  Sch. 

rivulare  Br.  &  Sch. 

Rutabulum    (L.)    Br.  &  Sch. 

salebrosum  (Hofifm.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

Starkei    (Brid.)    Br.    &   Sch. 

velutinum    (L.)    Br.    &    Sch. 
Bryace.e  .... 

Bryales  .... 

Bryhnia  graminicolor  Grout     . 
Bryum    (Dill.)    L.      . 

argenteum    L. 

bimum   Schreb. 

csespiticium    L. 

capillare  L.       . 

pseudotriquetrutn   (Hedw.)   Schwaegr. 

roseum    Schreb. 

ventricosum    Dicks.    . 
Bruchia  Schwaegr.    . 

flexuosa  (Schwaegr.)   C.  Miill. 

Sullivantii    Aust. 
Buxbaumia    Haller 

aphylla   L.         . 

BUXBAUMIACE^ 


Calliergon   (Sull.)    Kindb.    . 

cordifolium    (Hedw.)    Kindb. 

giganteum    Schimp.     . 
Calypogeia  Raddi       .... 

sphagnicola  (Arn.  &  Perss.)  Warnst.  &  Loeske 

suecica  (Arn.  &  Perss.)  C.  Miill.    Frib. 

Sullivantii  Aust. 

tenuis    (Aust.)    Evans 

Trichomanis    (L.)    Corda 


PAGE 

48 

66 

66 

66 

94, 

143 

143, 

145 

143, 

144 

143, 

144 

144 

143. 

146 

143, 

144 

143. 

145 

143, 

146 

143, 

145 

143, 

144 

143 

143, 

146 

I43> 

147 

117 

87 

148 

90, 

119 

119, 

120 

119 

119, 

120 

119, 

120 

119 

120 

119 

87 

95 

95 

95 

91. 

172 

172 

172 

93, 

166 

166 

166 

47.  48, 

62 

63 

(^3 

62 

64 

63 

63 

CONNECTICUT  GEOL.   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


Camptothecium  Br.   &  Sch. 

nitens  (Schreb.)  Schimp. 
Campylopus  viridis  Sull.  &  Lesq. 
Catharinea    Ehrh. 

angustata    Brid. 

crispa    James 

Macmillani    Holzing. 

undulata  (L.)  Web.  f.  &  Mohr 
Cephalozia   Dumort. 

bicuspidata   (L.)  Dumort. 

cafcnulata   auct. 

connivens   (Dicks.)   Lindb. 

curvifoHa    (Dicks.)    Dumort 

divaricata  Dumort. 

fluitans    (Nees)    Spruce 

lunulsefolia   Dumort.   . 

serriflora  Lindb. 
Cephaloziella    (Spruce)    Schiffn. 

divaricata    (Sm.)    Schiffn. 

myriantha   (Lindb.)    Schiffn. 
Ceratodon    Brid. 

purpureus    (L.)    Brid. 
Chiloscyphus    Corda 

ascend  ens.   Sulliv. 

pallescens  (Ehrh.)  Dumort. 

polyanthus    (L.)    Corda. 
Chrysohypnum   (Hampe)   G.  Roth 

chrysophyllum  (Brid.)  Loeske 

hispidulum  (Brid.)  G.  Roth   . 

polygamum  (Br.  &  Sch.)   Loeske 

protensum   (Brid.)    Loeske 

stellatum  (Schreb.)  Loeske 
Cirriphyllum  Grout    . 

Boscii  (Schwaegr.)  Grout 

piliferum  (Schreb.)  Grout 
Claopodium  (Lesq.  &  James)  Ren.  &  Ca 

pellucinerve  (Mitt.)  Best 
Climacium  Web.  f.  &  Mohr 

americanum   Brid. 

Kindbergii   Grout 
Cololejeunea  (Spruce)   Schiffn. 

Biddlecomins   (Aust.)    Evans 
Conocephalum  Wigg. 

conicum    (L.)    Dumort. 
Conomitrium  JuHanmn   Mont. 


PAGE 

94,  142 
142 
102 

91,  172 
173 
173 

172,  173 

172,  173 

48,  59 

59,  60 

61 

59.  60 

59,  60 

61 

59,  61 
60 

60,  61 

48,  61 
61 

61,  62 
89,  97 

97 

47,  58 

58 

58 

58 

94.  95,  158 

158 

158 

158,  159 

158,  159 

158,  159 

93,  147 

147 

147 

92,  140 
140 

92,  170 
170 
170 

49,  71 
71 

40.  41 

41 

105 


No.  II.] 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


189 


Cratoneuron   (SuU.)    G.  Roth 

filicinum   (L.)    G.  Roth 

Cryphaea   Mohr 

glomerata   Br.   &  Sch. 

CuYriLEACE-T:    .... 

Ctenidium  (Schimp.)   Mitt. 

molluscum    (Hedw.)    Mitt.     . 
Cylmdrofliccium  cladorrhizans  Schimp. 

scductrix  Sull.    . 
Cynodontiiim  virens  Schimp.    . 

D 

Dendroidace.e 
Dichelyma  Myrin 

capillaceum  (L.)  Schimp. 
Dichodontium    Schimp. 

peUucidum  (L.)   Schimp. 

DiCR.VXACE.E      . 

Dicranella   Schimp.    . 

heteromalla   (L.)   Schimp. 

rufescens  (Dicks.)  Schimp 

varia    (Hedw.)   Schimp. 
Dicranum  Hedw. 

Bergeri  Bland. 

flagellare    Hedw. 

fulvum  Hook.    . 

fuscescens   Turn. 

heteromallum  Hedw. 

interruptum  Brid. 

longifoHum  Ehrh. 

montanum  Hedw. 

Schradcrl  Web.  f.  &  Mohr 

scoparium    (L.)    Hedw. 

spurium    Hedw. 

undulatum    Ehrh. 

varium    Hedw. 

viride   (Sull.   &   Lesq.)    Lindb 
Didymodon   Hedw.    . 

cylindricus  Br.  &  Sch. 

rubellus   (Hoffm.)    Br.   &  Sch. 
Diphyscimn  foliosum  Mohr 
Diplophylleia  Trevis. 

apiculata    Evans 

taxifolia    (Wahl.)    Trevis. 
Ditrichum    Timm 

pallidum  (Schreb.)  Hampe 


PAGE 

94, 

159 

159 

92, 

130 

i.^o 

130 

94, 

161 

161 

132 

133 

99 

176 

91, 

130 

130 

88 

,  99 

99 

95 

98 
98 

98,  99 

88,  100 
100,  lOI 
100,  lOI 
100,  102 

102 
98 

102 
100,  102 
100,  lOI 

lOI 
100,  lOI 

100 

100 

99 
102 

89,  108 
107 
loS 
171 

49,  67 
67 
67,  68 
89,  96 
96,  97 


190 


CONNECTICUT  GEOL,   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


Ditrichum  tortile   (Schrad.)   Lindb. 

96 

vaginans   (Sull.)   Hampe 

96 

Drepanocladus  (C.  Miill.)  G.  Roth 

94, 

167 

aduncus   (L.)   Warnst. 

167, 

168 

fluitans    (L.)    Warnst. 

167, 

168 

intermedins    (Lindb.)    Warnst. 

167, 

168 

Kneiffii  (Schimp.)  Warnst.    . 

167 

Sendtneri    (Schimp.)    Warnst. 

167, 

168 

subaduncus  Warnst.    .... 

167, 

168 

Drummondia   Hook.              .... 

89, 

113 

clavellata  Hook.           .... 

113 

E 

Elodium  (Sull.)   Warnst.      .... 

92, 

142 

paludosum  (Sull.)  Loeske      . 

142 

Encalypta  Schreb.      ..... 

no 

ciliata    (Hedw.)    Hoffm. 

89, 

no 

contorta   (Wulf.)   Lindb. 

89, 

no 

streptocarpa  Hedw.        .... 

no 

Entodon  C.   Miill.      ..... 

92, 

132 

cladorrhizans  (Hedw.)  C.  Miill. 

132 

seductrix   (Hedw.)    C.   Miill. 

^22, 

133 

Entodontace^           ..... 

132 

Ephemerum   Hampe              .... 

87, 

n6 

crassinervium    (Schwaegr.)    C.    Miill. 

n6 

megalosporum    (Aust.)    Salm. 

n6 

serratum  (Schreb.)  Hampe    . 

n6 

Eurynchium  Br.  &  Sch.        .... 

92, 

148 

Boscii  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb 

147 

diversifolium  Br.  &  Sch. 

148 

graminicolor  (Brid.)  Ren.  &  Card. 

148 

hians  (Hedw.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

14S, 

149 

piliferum  Br.  &  Sch.    .... 

147 

rusciforme   (Neck.)    Milde    . 

148, 

149 

strigosum  (Hofifm.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

148 

Sullivantii  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

148 

F 

Fabroni.\ce.i;               ...... 

134 

Fimbriaria  tenella  Nees 

41 

Fissidens   Hedw. 

88,  91, 

103 

adiantoides    (L.)    Hedw. 

103, 

104 

bryoides    (L.)    Hedw. 

103 

cristatus    Wils. 

103, 

104 

dccipiens  DeNot. 

104 

incurvus   Schwaegr,     . 

103, 

104 

No.  II.] 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


191 


Fissidens   minutidus  Sull. 
obtusifolius  Wils. 
osmundoides  (S\v.)  Hedw.    . 
subbasilaris    Hedw. 
taxifolius    (L.)    Hedw. 

FiSSIDENTACE.E 
FONTINALACE.E 

Fontinalis   (Dill.)   L. 

antipyretica    L. 

dalecarlica    Schimp.     . 

Lescurii    Sull. 

Novje-Angli?e  Sull. 
Forsstroemia    Lindb. 

trichomitria    (Hedw.)    Lindb, 
Fossombronia    Raddi 

foveolata   Lindb. 

salina  Lindb.    . 

Wondraczekii   (Corda)   Dumort. 
Frullania  Raddi 

Asagrayana  Mont. 

Brittoniae  Evans 

eboracensis  Gottsche 

Grayana  auct.    . 

Hutchinsicc  auct. 

plana    Sull. 

riparia    Hampe 

squarrosa  (R.  Bl.  &  N.)  Dumort. 

Tamarisci   (L.)   Dumort. 

virginica  Gottsche 
Funaria    Schreb. 

hygrometrica  (L.)    Schreb. 
FUNARIACE^      .... 


Geocalyx    Nees 

graveolens  (Schrad.)  Nees    . 
Georgia  Ehrh. 

pellucida   (L.)    Rabenh. 
Gegrgiace.'E     .... 
Glyphomitrium   Brid. 

incurvum   (Schwaegr.)    Broth. 
Grimaldia  Raddi 

barbifrons  Bisch. 

fragrans   (Balb.)   Corda 
Grimmia   Ehrh. 

apocarpa  (L.)   Hedw. 


PAGE 

104 

103, 

104 

103, 

105 

103, 

105 

103, 

105 

103 

128 

91. 

128 

128, 

129 

128, 

129 

128, 

129 

128, 

129 

92, 

131 

131 

43 

46 

46 

47 

46 

46 

47 

49 

73 

73 

73 

74 

73 

74 

74 

72 

73 

74 

73 

73 

73 

75 

74 

89, 

117 

117 

116 

48 

,  59 

59 

172 

91, 

172 

172 

89, 

no 

no 

40 

,  41 

41 

41 

89. 

III 

III 

192 


CONNECTICUT  GEOL.   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


Grimmia  conferta  Funck 

Olneyi   Sull. 

pcnnsylvanica  Schwaegr. 

pilifera    Beauv. 
Grimmiace/E    . 
Gvmnostomum  curvirostre  Hedw. 


H 


Haplocladium    C.    Miill. 

microphyllum    (Sw.)    Broth. 

virginianum    (Brid.)    Broth. 
Haplohymenium  Doz.   &  Molk. 

triste    (Cesati)    Kindb. 
Harpanthus    Nees 

scutatus  (Web.  f.  &  Mohr)  Spruce 
Hedwigia    Ehrh. 

albicans    (Web.)    Lindb. 

ciliata  Ehrh.       ... 
Hedwigiace.e 

Hepatic.e         .... 
Heterophyllon    Kindb. 

Haldanianum    (Grev.)    Kindb. 
Homalia  (Brid.)   Br.  &  Sch. 

Jamesii    Schimp. 
Homalothecium  Br.  &  Sch. 

subcapillatum    (Hedw.)    Sull. 
Hygrohypnum   (Lindb.)   Loeske     . 

dilatatum    (Wils.)    Loeske 

eugyrium   (Br.  &  Sch.)   Loeske 

Mackayi  (Schimp.)  Loeske    . 

ochraceum  (Turn.)  Loeske   . 

palustre    (Huds.)    Loeske 
Hylocomium    Br.    &    Sch.     . 

brevirostre  (Ehrh.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

splendens  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

triquctriDii  Br.  &  Sch.    . 
Hymenostylium    Brid. 

curvirostre  (Ehrh.)  Lindb 
Hypnace.e 
Hypnum  (Dill.)   L.     . 

abietimim  L. 

acuminatum  Beauv. 

aciitimi  Mitt. 

adn-atiim   Hedw. 

aduncum   L. 

alleglianicnse  C.  JNliill.    . 


PAGE 

III 

Ill, 

112 

III 

III 

110 

106 

92, 

139 

139 

139 

92, 

136 

136 

4^ 

',  59 

59 

90, 

128 

128 

128 

128 

38 

95, 

I6S 

165 

93, 

132 

132 

93, 

134 

134 

93,  94, 

169 

169 

169 

169, 

170 

169, 

170 

169 

95, 

161 

161 

161 

160 

90, 

106 

106 

142 

94, 

166 

142 

145 

144 

155 

167, 

168 

171 

No.  II.] 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


193 


Af:K 

Hypnum  .Ulciii  Lesq.  &  James         ....                   i.}.! 

bergenense  Aust. 

159 

Boscii  Schwaegr. 

147 

brevirostre   Ehrh. 

161 

cavi[^cstre  Bruch 

144 

chrysol^hylliiiii  Brid. 

158 

coiifervoides    Brid. 

154 

cordifolium   Hedw. 

166 

Crista-Castrensis  L. 

162 

cupressifonne  L. 

164 

curvifolium  Hedw. 

164 

cuspidatiiin  L.     . 

167 

cylUidrocarpum   C.    Miill. 

151 

delicatulum  L.    . 

141 

demissmn  Wils. 

151 

denticulaUitn   L. 

153 

deplaiiatuin  Schimp. 

15^ 

diversifolium  Schimp.    . 

148 

elegans  Hook.    . 

152 

eiigyrium  Schimp. 

169 

fertile  Sendt. 

163 

aiicinum  L. 

159 

Huitans  L. 

168 

Auviatile   Sw. 

157 

giganteuin  Schimp. 

166 

gracile  Br.  &  Sch. 

139 

Haldanianum   Grev. 

165 

hamifolium   Schimp. 

168 

hiaiis  Hedw. 

149 

hispidulum  Brid. 

158 

imponens  Hedw. 

163 

irrigmun  Wils. 

156 

Icctum   Brid. 

144 

latebricola  Lindb. 

153 

I.cscurii    Sull.    . 

157 

iniiiutulnin  Hedw. 

140 

molle  auct. 

169 

molhiscuiii    Hedw. 

161 

Mueller ianiim    Hook.   f. 

152 

Muhlenbeckii  Spruce 

154 

nitens  Schreb.    . 

142 

Novcc-Anglicc  Sull.  &  Lesq.    . 

146 

ochraceum  Turn. 

170 

orthocladon    Brid. 

156 

pallescens  Br.  &  Sch.    . 

163 

pahidosum  Sull. 
13 

142 

194 


CONNECTICUT    GEOL.    AND   NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 


Bull. 


Hypnum   jyaluslrc   Huds. 
Patientice  Lindb. 
petrophilum   Funck 
piliferum    Schreb. 
pluinosum   Sw. 
polygarnum  Wils. 
populeum   Hedw. 
pratcnse  Koc!.. 
pygmceum  Sull. 
radicale    Wils. 
recognitum    Hedw 
recurvans  Beauv. 
reptile  Michx. 
revolvens  Sw. 
riparium    L. 
rivulare  Bruch 
rugosmii  Ehrh. 
rusifoniie  Neck. 
Riitabulum   L. 
salebrosiim    Hoffm. 
Schreberi  VVilld.     . 
scituiii  Beauv. 
Scndtneri    Schimp. 
serpens    L. 
serrulattiin   Hedw. 
splendens    Hedw. 
squarrosiim  L. 
Starkei  Hedw. 
stellatiim    Schreb. 
strigosuni    HoflFm. 
SullivanticB    Schimi) 
Sullivantii   Spruce 
sylvaticum    Huds. 
triqtietruni   L. 
turfaceum  'Lindb, 
uncinatum    Hedw. 
velutinum   L. 


I 


Isopterygium   Mitt.         .... 
deplanatum    (Schimp.)    Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 
elegans    (Hook.)    Lindb. 
Muellerianum    (Schimp.)    Lindb. 
turfaceum    Lindb. 


No.  1 1. 1 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


195 


Jamesoniella    (Spruce)    Steph. 

autumnalis    (DC.)    Steph. 
Jubula    Dumort. 

Hutchinsice   auct. 

pennsylvanica    (Steph.)    Evans 
Jungermannia  (Rupp.)  T.. 

barbata    Schreb. 

cordifolia    Hook. 

crenulata  Sm. 

excisa  auct. 

lanceolata    L. 

Novce-Ccssarecc  Evans 

pumila   With. 

Schraderi  Mart. 

TUNGERMANNIACE^ 
JUNGERMANNI.A.LES 


Kantia  Trichomanis  S.  F.  Gray 
Sullivantii  Underw. 


K 


PAGE 

47,  52 

52 

49.  72 

72 
72 

47,  51 
55 

51,  52 
50 
53 
51 
54 

51.  52 
52 
47 
43 

.63 
64 


Lejeunea    Libert 

calcarea   auct. 

cavifolia     (Ehrh.)     Lindb. 

echinata  auct. 

serpylUfolia  Libert 
Lepidozia  Dumort. 

reptans    (L.)    Dumort. 

setacea  auct. 

setacea    (Web.)    Mitt. 

sphagnicola   Evans 

sylvatica    Evans 
Leptobryum  (Br.  &  Sch.)   Wils. 

pyriforme   (L.)   Wils. 
Leptodon   trichomitrion   Mohr 
Leptotrichum   pallidum   Hampe 

tortile   C.    Miill. 

vaginans    Schimp. 
Leskea  Hedw. 

denticulata  Sull. 

obscura  Hedw. 

polycarpa  Ehrh. 

tristis    Cesati 
Leskea  CE.ii 

LeUCOBRYACE/E 


49>  72 

71 

72 

71 

72 

48,  65 

65 

65 

65 

65 

65 

90,  117 

117 

131 

97 

96 

96 

92,  138 

133 

138 

■.38 

136 

135 
102 


196 


CONNECTICUT  GEOL.   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


Bull. 


PAGE 

Leucobryum  Hampe               .....            88,  102 

glaucum    (L.)    Schimp. 

102 

vulgare  Hampe 

102 

Leucodon    Schwaegr. 

91,  130 

brachypus    Brid. 

130,  131 

julaceus    (L.)    Sull. 

130 

Leucodontace.e 

130 

Leucolejeunea   Evans 

49,  72 

clypeata  (Schwein.)   Evans  . 

72 

Liochlcena  lanceolata  Nees     . 

51 

Lophocolea  Dumort. 

48,  57 

Austini  Lindb.    . 

57 

bidentata  (L.)  Dumort. 

57 

heterophylla   (Schrad.)    Dumort. 

57 

minor   Nees 

57,  58 

Lophozia   Dumort.     . 

48,  52 

attenuata  (Mart.)  Dumort.    . 

S3,  55 

barbata  (Scbreb.)  Dumort.    . 

53,  55 

bicrenata    (S.limid.)    Dumort. 

53 

excisa   (Dicks.)   Dumort. 

53,  54 

gracilis  (Schleich.)  Steph. 

55 

incisa  (Schrad.)  Dumort. 

53,  54 

inflata  (Huds.)  M.  A.  Howe 

52,  S3 

Lyoni   (Tayl.)    Steph. 

S3,  55 

marchica  (Nees)  Steph. 

53,  54 

Muelleri  (Nees)  Dumort. 

48,  52,  S3 

Nova-CccsarecB  Steph. 

54 

porphyroleuca    (Nees)    Steph. 

S3,  54 

ventricosa  (Dicks.)  Dumort. 

53,  54 

Lunularia  (Mich.)  Adans.    . 

40,  42 

cruciata    (L.)    Dumort. 

42 

vulgaris  Raddi 

42 

M 

Madotheca  platyphylla   Dumort.          ....                     71 

Porella   Dumort. 

71 

Marchantia  (March,  f.)  L.    . 

40,  42 

polymorpha  L. 

42 

March.\ntiace.e 

40 

Marciiantiales 

38 

Marsupella  Dumort. 

49,  SO 

emarginata   (Ehrh.)   Dumort. 

50 

media  (Gottsche)   Schiffn. 

50 

sphacelata    auct. 

50 

SulHvantii  (De  Not.)  Evans 

50 

Mastigobryum  trilobatum  Nees 

64 

No.  ii.l 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


197 


Meesia  Hedw. 

triquetra   (L.)  Aongstr. 

tristicha  Br.  &  Sch. 
Meesiace.e 
Metzgeria   Raddi 

conjugata   Lindb. 

fur  cat  a  auct. 

METZGERI.A.CE.E 

Micromitrium  megalospomm  Aust. 

Mniace.e 

Mniobryum   (Schimp.)    Limpr. 

albicans   (Wahl.)    Limpr. 
Mnium    (Dill.)    L.      . 

affine  Bland.     . 

ciliare  (Grev.)  Lindb. 

cinclidioides  Hiiben.    . 

cuspidatum    (L.)     Leyss 

hornum  L. 

marginatum   (Dicks.)    Beauv 

medium  Br.  &  Sch.    . 

orthorrhynchum  Br.  &  Sch. 

punctatum   (L.)    Hedw. 

rostratum    Schrad. 

rugicum  Laur. 

serratum  Schrad. 

spinulosum  Br.   &  Sch. 

sylvaticum  Lindb. 
Musci    .... 
Mylia   S.   F.   Gray 

anomala  (Hook.)   S.  F.  Gray 
Myurella   Br.   &   Sch. 

Carey  mm    Sull. 

gracilis   (Weinm.)   Lindb. 

julacea  (Vill.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

N 

Nardia  S.   F.   Gray    . 

crenulata   (Sm.)   Lindb 
crenuliformis    (Aust.)    Lindb 
hyalina  (Lyell)   Carr. 

Neckera  Hedw. 

pennata  (L.)  Hedw.    . 

Neckerace^    . 

Notothylas   Sull. 

orbicularis  (Schwein.)  Sull 
valvata  Sull. 


PAGE 

90, 

126 

126 

126 

126 

43 

.  45 

45 

45 

43 

116 

121 

90, 

118 

118 

90, 

121 

121,  123, 

124 

121, 

123 

121, 

125 

121, 

123 

121, 

122 

121, 

122 

121, 

123 

121, 

122 

121, 

124 

121, 

123 

121, 

123 

122 

121, 

122 

123 

76 

47 

,  56 

56 

92, 

136 

136 

1.36 

136 

47 

,  50 

50 

50 

,  51 

5C 

,  51 

91, 

131 

131 

131 

75 

75 

75 

198 


COXXECTICUT    GEOL.    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 


[E11II. 


o 


Octodiceras    Brid. 

Julianum   (Savi)    Brid.     . 
Odontoschisma  Dumort. 

denudatum   (Mart.)   Dumort. 

prostratum    (Sw.)    Trevis. 

Sphagni  auct. 
Oncophorus    Brid. 

virens    (Sw.)    Brid. 
Orthotrichace.e 
Orthotrichum  Hedw. 

anomalum    Hedw. 

Braunii  Br.  &  Sch. 

cupulatum    Hoffm. 

Lescurii  Aust. 

ohioense  SuU.  &  Lesq. 

psilocarpum   James 

pumilum    Sw. 

pusillum   Mitt. 

-sordidum  Sull.  &  Lesq.     . 

strangulatum  Sull. 


58,  105 

105 

47.  62 

62 

62 

62 

8S,  99 

99 

112 

113 
114 

114 
114 
114 
114 
114 

115 
114 

113 
114 


,  90, 
"3, 
113. 

113. 
113, 

113, 
"3, 


Pallavicinia    S.    F.    Gray 

Lyellii   (Hook.)    S.  F.  Gray 
Pellia   Raddi 

epiphylla    (L.)    Corda 
Phascum   L.  .  .  . 

cuspidatum    Schreb. 
Philonotis    Brid. 

fontana    (L.)    Brid. 
Phragmicoma  clypeata  Nees 
Physcomitrium    (Brid.)    Br.   &   Sch. 

pyriformc   auct. 

turbinatum   (Michx.)    C.  Miill. 
Plagiochila  Dumort. 

asplenioides    (L.)    Dumort. 

porelloides  Nees     . 

spinulosa   auct. 

Sullivantii    Gottsche 
Plagiopus   Brid. 

Oederi    (Gunn.)    Limpr. 
Plagiothecium  Br.  &   Sch. 

denticulatum  (L.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

latebricola   (Wils.)   Br.  &  Sch. 

Muhlenbeckii  Br.   &   Sch. 


43.  45 

45 

43,  46 

46 

88,  108 

108 

90,  127 
127 

72 

91,  117 
117 
117 

47,  56 

56 

56 

S6 

56 

90,  126 

126 

94,  152 

152,  153 

152,  153 

154 


No.  II.] 


INDEX  TO  CATALOGUE. 


IQf) 


Plagiothecium    Roeseanum    Br.    &    Sch. 

striatellum    (Brid.)    Lindb. 

sylvaticum    (Huds.)    Br.   &   Sch. 
Platygyrium  Br.  &  Sch. 

repens   (Brid.)   Br.  &  Sch. 
Pleuridium    Brid. 

alternifolium    (Dicks.)    Rabenh. 

Sullivantii    Aust. 
Pleurocarpi 
Pogonatum   Beauv. 

alpinum    Rohl. 

hrevicaulc    (Brid.)    Beauv. 

pennsylvanicum    (Hedw.)    Par. 

tenue  (Menz.)  E.  G.  Britton 
Pohlia  Hedw. 

cruda    (L.)    Lindb. 

nutans    (Schreb.)    Lindb. 

proligera  Lindb. 

POLYTRICHACE^ 

Polytrichum    (Dill.)    L. 

alpinum    L. 

commune  L 

formosum  auct. 

juniperinum    Willd. 

ohioense  Ren.  &  Card 

piliferum    Schreb. 

strictum  Banks. 
Porella    (Dill.)   L. 

pinnata  L.    . 

platyphylla    (L.) 

rivularis    (Nees) 
Pottia    Ehrh. 

truncata   Fiirn. 

truncatula     (L.) 

POTTIACE^ 

Preissia  Corda 

quadrata  (Scop.)  Nees 
Ptilidium    Nees 

ciliare    auct. 

ciliare    (L.)    Nees 

pulcherrimum    (Web.)    Hanipe 
Ptilium   (Sull.)   De  Not. 

Crista-Castrensis    (L.)    De   Not 


Lindb. 
Trevis 


Lindb. 


Ptychotnitrium   incurvum 
Pylaisia  Br.  &   Sch. 
intricata    auct. 


Sull. 


I>AGE 

■52, 

153 

95,  152, 

154 

152, 

153 

93- 

132 

132 

87 

96 

96 

96 

87 

91 

91. 

174 

175 

174 

T74 

174 

90. 

it8 

riS 

118 

118 

172 

91, 

T/l 

174, 

175 

175. 

176 

175 

175. 

176 

174. 

US 

175 

175, 

176 

49 

70 

70 

71 

70 

71 

70 

71 

91, 

109 

109 

109 

106 

40 

42 

42 

49 

66 

66 

66 

66 

94. 

162 

162 

no 

93. 

133 

133 

200 


CONNECTICUT  GEOL.   AND  NAT.   HIST.   SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


PAGE 

Pylaisia  intricata  (Hedw.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

133,     134 

Schimperi  Card.            .... 

133 

subdenticulata   Schimp. 

93,  133,  134 

vehitina  Schimp.            .... 

134 

R 

Racomitrium    Brid.    ..... 

89,    112 

aciculare   (L.)   Brid.    .... 

112 

Radula    Dumort.         ..... 

49,  69 

complanata    (L.)    Dumort.     . 

70 

obconica   SuU.               .... 

70 

tenax   Lindb.     ..... 

70 

Rauia  Aust.      ...... 

92,  139 

scita  (Beauv.)  Aust.    .... 

139 

Reboulia    Raddi          ..... 

40 

hemisph?erica  (L.)  Raddi 

40 

Rhabdoweisia  Br.  &  Sch.    .... 

88,  99 

denticulata  (Brid.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

99 

Rhodobryum  (Schimp.)  Hampe 

90,  120 

roseum   (Weis)    Limpr. 

120 

Rhynchostegium  Br.  &  Sch. 

93,  150 

cylindrocarpimi  Aust.    .             .             .             . 

151 

dcplanatum  Sull.             .... 

iSi 

rcciirvans  Aust.              .... 

150 

rusciforme  Br.   &  Sch. 

149 

serrulatum  (Hedw.)  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

150 

Rhytidiadelphus    (Lindb.)    Warnst. 

95,  160 

squarrosus  (L.)  Warnst. 

160 

triquetrus  (L.)  Warnst. 

160 

Rhytidium   (Sull.)    Kindb.    .... 

94,  160 

rugosum  (Ehrh.)   Kindb.       .             .             . 

160 

Riccardia  S.  F.   Gray            .... 

43 

latifrons    Lindb.           .... 

44 

multifida  (L.)  S.  F.  Gray 

43,  44 

palmata  (Hedw.)   Carruth.    . 

44,  45 

pinguis  (L.)  S.  F.  Gray 

43,  44 

sinuata   (Dicks.)   Trevis. 

43,  44 

Riccia  (Mich.)  L.       .            .            .            .    _       . 

38 

arvensis  Aust. 

38 

crystallina  L. 

39 

Auitans  L. 

39 

natans  L. 

39 

Sullivantii  Aust. 

39 

RiCCIACE/E 

38 

Ricciella  A.  Br. 

38 

crystallina   (L.)  Warr 

1st. 

38,  39 

No.  II.] 


INDEX   TO   CATALOGUE. 


20 1 


Ricciella  Huitans  (L.)  A.  Br. 

Sullivantii   (Aust.)    Evans 
Ricciocarpus    Corda 

natans  (L.)  Corda 


Saelania   Lindb. 

cccsia   (Vill.)    Lindb. 

glaucescens   (Hedw.)    Broth. 
Scapania  Dumort. 

albicans  Aust. 

curta    (Mart.)    Dumort. 

dentata    Dumort. 

irrigua  (Nees)  Dumort. 

nemorosa   (L.)    Dumort. 

undulata    (L.)   Dumort. 
Schwetschkeopsis  Broth. 

denticulata  (SuU.)   Broth. 
Sematophyllum  Mitt. 

carolinianum  (C.  Miill.)  E.  G.  Britton 

recurvans  (Michx.)  E.  G.  Britton    . 

tenuirostre  (Br.  &  Sch.)  E.  G.  Britton 
Sphcrrangitim  muticum  Schimp. 
Sphagnace.e    . 
Sphagnales 
Sphagnum   (Dill.)    L. 

Acutifolia 

acutifolium  Ehrh. 

compactum   DC. 

contortum   Schultz 

Cuspidata 

cuspidatum    Ehrh. 

Cymbifolia 

cymbifolium    Ehrh. 

dasyphyllum    Warnst. 

Dusenii    C.   Jens. 

fimbriatum   Wils. 

fuscum  (Schimp.)  Klinggr. 

Garberi  Lesq.  &  James 

Girgensohnii    Russ. 

imbricatum  Horsch. 

inundatum  Russ. 

laricinum  Spruce 

medium  Limpr. 

obesum    (Wils.)    Warnst. 

papillosum  Lindb. 


PAGE 

39 

39 

38. 

39 

39 

89, 

97 

97 

97 

49, 

68 

67 

68 

68, 

69 

68 

68, 

69 

68, 

69 

92, 

132 

132 

94, 

150 

150, 

151 

150 

150, 

151 

108 

76 

76 

76 

77, 

83 

77, 

85 

78, 

81 

79, 

85 

78, 

82 

78, 

83 

76. 

80 

79, 

80 

77,   78,  79, 

85 

78, 

83 

77, 

83 

77, 

84 

78, 

81 

77, 

83 

79, 

80 

79, 

86 

85 

79. 

81 

79, 

85 

79, 

80 

D2 


CONNECTICUT    GEOL,    AND    NAT.    HIST.    SURVEY. 


[Bull. 


phagnum  parvifolium   (Sendt.)  Warnst. 

platyphyllum     (Lindb.)    Warnst 

Polyclada 

Pulchricoma  C.   Miill. 

quinquefarium    (Lindb.)    Warnst. 

recnrvum    Beaiiv. 

Rigida 

rubelliim    Wils. 

rufescens    (Warnst.)    Nees  &  Hornsch 

Squarrosa  .  ' 

squarrosum  Pers. 

subnitens   Russ.    &   Warnst. 

Siibsecunda 

subsecundum   Nees 

tenellum   (Schimp.)   Klinggr. 

tenerum    (Aust  )    Warnst. 

teres    (Schimp.)    Aongstr. 

Torreyanum    Sull. 

Warnstorfii    Russ. 

Wulfianum   Girgens. 
Iphenolobus    (Lindb.)    Steph. 

exsectus   (Schmid.)   Steph. 

Michauxii    (Web.  f.  &  Mohr")    Steph 
tteetcia  Lyellii  Lehm. 
Jtereodon  (Brid.)  Mitt. 

curvifolius   (Hedw.)    E.  G.   Britton 

cupressiformis    (L.)    Lindb. 

fertilis  (Sendt.)  Lindb.     . 

imponens  (Hedw.)   Lindb. 

Lindbergii    (Mitt.)    Warnst. 

pallescens    (Hedw.)    Lindb. 
pratensis   (Koch)   E.  G.  Britton 
reptilis  (Michx.)  Mitt. 
Systeghim   Sullivantii  Schimp. 


PAGE 

78,  82 

79,  86 

76,  81 
78,  82 

77,  84 

78,  82 

78,  81 

77,  83 

79,  86 

78,  81 

78,  81 
77,  84 
78,85 

79,  86 
83 

77,  85 

78,  82 
78,  82 
77,  84 
76,  81 
49-  55 

55 

55 

45 

94,  162 

162,  164 

162,  164 

162,  163 

162,  163 

162,  164 

163 

162,  165 

163 

106 


J,  ,:■     ^ 


Tetraphis  pellucida  Hedw. 
Thamnium   Br.   &   Sch. 

alleghaniense  (C.  Miill.)  Br.  &  Sch. 
Thelia   Sull. 

asprella  (Schimp.)  Sull.    . 

hirtella  (Hedw.)   Sull.      . 

T  escurii    Sull. 
Thuidium  Br.  &  Sch. 

abietinum   (L.)  Br.  &  Sch. 

Alleni    Aust. 


172 

92,  171 

171 

91,  135 
135 
135 

135,  136 

92,  141 
140,  142 
140,  141 


No.  II.] 


INDEX  TO  C.\T.\LOGUE. 


203 


r 


HACK 

Thuidium  delicatiiluin   (  L. )    Hr.  &  Sch.         .                        .          uo.  1.11 

gracilc   Br.   &   Sch, 

139 

microphyllum    Best 

139 

minutulum   (Hedw.)    Br.  &  Sch 

139 

paludosum  Jaeg.  &  Sauerb. 

142 

pygmreum  Br.  &  Sch. 

140 

recognitum    (Hedw.>    Lindb. 

140,  141 

scitum    Aust. 

139 

virginianum    Lindb.     , 

139 

Timmia    Hedw. 

90,  127 

cucullata    Michx. 

127 

megapolitana  auct. 

127 

TlMMIACE,.?; 

127 

tortella  (C.  Miill.)  Limpr 

89,  107 

csespitosa  (Schwaegr.)  Linipr. 

107 

tortuosa  (L.)   Limpr. 

107 

Tortula  Hedw.      . 

89,  109 

montana    (Nees)   Lindb. 

109,  no 

muralis    (L.)    Hedw. 

109 

papillosa  Wils. 

109 

Trichocolea  Dumort. 

49,  67 

tomentella   (Ehrh.)    Dumort. 

67 

Trichostomum   Hedw. 

H9.  107 

cylindricum    (Bruch^    C.   Miill. 

107 

U 

Ulota    Mohr                                                                                   .           90.  115 

americana    (Beauv.)    Limpr. 

I'j 

crispa   (Hedw.)    Brid. 

116 

crispula  Bruch 

IIS,  116 

Hutchinsise    (Sm.)    Hamni.:ir 

115 

Ludwigii   Brid. 

115 

ulophylla    (Ehrh.)    Broth. 

115.  116 

W 

Webera  Ehrh.      .                                                                                PL  171 

albicans    Schinii'. 

118 

nutans   Hedw. 

1x8 

sessilis    (Schmid.)    Lindb. 

171 

Weberace^ 

171 

Weisia  Hedw. 

89,  106 

'            viridula  (L.)  Hedw. 

106 

(^ 


